Cold War Revision

The key to exam success?

ATFQ!

Answer the flippin’ question!

Question 1

Question 1 (2 marks) - 3min

“Give two reasons from Source A which show why the Truman Doctrine was introduced.”

- Identify two pieces of information from a source

1)

2)

Source A: The Truman Doctrine, 12 March 1947

I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support peoples who resist being enslaved by armed minorities or by outside pressure. I believe that we must help free peoples to work out their own destiny in their own way.

Question 1 (2 marks) - 3min

“Give two reasons from Source A which show why the Truman Doctrine was introduced.”

- Identify two pieces of information from a source

1) One reason the Truman Doctrine was introduced was to support people who were resisting ‘being enslaved’.

2) Another reason the Truman Doctrine was introduced was to ‘help free peoples to work out their own destiny’.

Source A: The Truman Doctrine, 12 March 1947

I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support peoples who resist being enslaved by armed minorities or by outside pressure. I believe that we must help free peoples to work out their own destiny in their own way.

Question 1 (2 marks) - 3min

Using Source A, give two consequences of the Cuban Missile Crisis.

- Identify two pieces of information from a source

1)

2)

Source A: An extract from a school textbook written in 2013

The Cuban Missile Crisis had a series of significant consequences. Kennedy and Khrushchev were both concerned about how close the world came to nuclear war, and sought measures to reduce the possibility of nuclear conflict. The Limited Test Ban Treaty was introduced as a first step towards controlling nuclear weapons. The Treaty banned the testing of nuclear weapons. In addition both sides agreed to the establishment of a hotline between the US president and the Soviet leader. This was intended to improve communication and create means of resolving problems.

Question 1 (2 marks) - 3min

Using Source A, give two consequences of the Cuban Missile Crisis. - Identify two pieces of information from a source 1) One consequence of the Cuban Missile Crisis was the introduction of the Limited Test Ban Treaty. 2) Another consequence of the Cuban Missile Crisis was the establishment of a ‘hotline’ between the USA and USSR.

Source A: An extract from a school textbook written in 2013

The Cuban Missile Crisis had a series of significant consequences. Kennedy and Khrushchev were both concerned about how close the world came to nuclear war, and sought measures to reduce the possibility of nuclear conflict. The Limited Test Ban Treaty was introduced as a first step towards controlling nuclear weapons. The Treaty banned the testing of nuclear weapons. In addition both sides agreed to the establishment of a hotline between the US president and the Soviet leader. This was intended to improve communication and create means of resolving problems.

Question 2

Question 2 (4 marks) - 7min

“Outline two…”

- Identify two actions/decisions/causes/ factors for change

Guidance:

- One mark for each factor identified

- One mark for additional supporting detail

Question 2 Examples: a) Outline two steps taken by Truman to contain Communism b) Outline two reasons Khrushchev demanded the withdraw of American troops from Berlin in 1958 c) Outline two reasons why the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan

2) Outline two steps taken by Truman to contain communism (4)

Firstly, President Truman set out to contain communism through the introduction of the Truman Doctrine in 1947. The Truman Doctrine promised American troops and resources to support those countries threatened by communists.

In addition, another way Truman sought to contain communism was by introducing the Marshall Plan in 1947. This aimed to weaken the appeal of communism by providing economic aid to countries whose economies had been destroyed by the Second World War.

Cold War Confrontations

It is VITAL that you understand the differences between the

Berlin Crises and the Hungarian Uprising / Prague

Spring

1945 1991

Hungarian Uprising (1956)

Prague Spring (1968)

Second Berlin Crisis (1958-61)

First Berlin Crisis

(1948-49)

1949 1956 1958 1968

Subheading: First Berlin Crisis

Question 3

Question 3 - 10 marks - 15 min “How useful are Sources A and B as evidence of…”

- Make a judgement on utility of BOTH sources (Source A is quite useful/somewhat/very/not very useful)

- Identify where a source is useful

- Identify where it is limited

- Consider content AND NOP

- Use own knowledge

Source A Useful Limited

Content

NOP

Source B Useful Limited

Content

NOP

Reliability only in terms of usefulness in answering the specific question

Focus on the question- use the words from the question

Use own knowledge to develop/ explain the points you make in your answer – A couple of sentences

Source A: A Soviet statement issued in 1961 explaining the reasons for the construction of the wall.

The Western powers use Berlin as a centre of rebellious activity against East Germany. Spies were smuggled into East Germany for all kinds of rebellious activity: recruiting more spies, sabotage, provoking disturbances. The government presents all the people of East Germany with a proposal that will securely block rebellious activity so that the control will be established along the border between Western Berlin and East Berlin.

Date Number of people migrating

1959 144,000

1960 199,000

1961 207,000

Source B: A table from British textbook published in 2008 showing the number of people migrating from East to West Germany in the period 1959 – 1961.

3. “How useful are Sources A and B as evidence of the reasons for the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961?” (10)

Now write the answer: 12 minutes

Source A is a very useful/somewhat useful/not very useful source as evidence of the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961.

It is useful because…

However it is limited because…

Source B is a very useful/somewhat useful/not very useful source as evidence of the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961.

It is useful because…

It is limited because…

Overall… Source __ is more

useful because…

How useful are Sources A and B as evidence of the division of Europe after 1945?

Source A: A part of a speech made by Winston Churchill at Fulton, Missouri, USA, March 1946

From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. All these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and, in many cases, increasing measure of control from Moscow.

Source B: A British cartoon of 1946 entitled ‘A peep under the iron curtain.’ The figure at the front represents Winston Churchill

Question 4: Key Features

4. Describe the key features of the Carter Doctrine(6)

- Make 3 points and develop them

One key feature was… This meant...

A second key feature was… This meant…

A third key feature was…

This meant…

Causes What it was

Consequences

Q4. Describe the key features of the arms race. 6 One of the key features of the arms race was the competition between the superpowers to obtain nuclear superiority. Between 1945 – 49 the USA held the nuclear monopoly, however the USSR was able to catch up and with the help of spies were able to build their first nuclear weapon, three years ahead of what the USA expected. This now gave rise to the development and the building of the hydrogen bomb. A bomb a 1000 times more powerful than the bombs created in 1945. Both superpowers were able to build these bombs in 1953. Apart from stockpiling and building more bombs, the arms race started to focus on the development of new technology and delivery systems in order to deliver the nuclear weapons to their intended targets.

Question 5: Importance of…

Question 5: Importance of…

Question 5 – 15 marks – 22min “Explain the importance of the following in international relations” - Pick 3 out of 4 events listed in the question - State its importance - Provide factual detail on the event] - Explain why it was important to international relations (did it

increase or reduce tensions?)

This was important to international relations because it: - Increased/reduced tensions between… - Led to… - Showed that…(e.g. invasion of Czechoslovakia shows

USA not willing to get involved in Soviet Sphere of influence)

3 SEPARATE AND DEVELOPED

PARAGRAPHS

QUESTION 5: IMPORTANCE OF… (5 MARKS)

Peaceful Coexistence Prague Spring 1968 Brezhnev Doctrine 1968 Détente SALT 1 SALT 2 The Helsinki Agreements Invasion of Afghanistan 1979 Carter Doctrine 1980 Olympic Boycott 1980 & 1984 Second Cold War Evil Empire Speech 1983 SDI Chernobyl Gorbachev’s New Thinking Perestroika Glasnost The Geneva Summit 1985 Reykjavik Summit 1986 INF Treaty 1989 Fall of the Berlin Wall 1989 The CFE Agreement 1990 START

- Importance sentence stating the impact on the international relations - Provide two-three pieces of specific evidence - Make 2/3 points about why it was important to international relations

Teheran Conference 1943

Yalta Conference 1945

Potsdam Conference 1945

The Long Telegram 1946

The Novikov Telegram 1946

Iron Curtain Speech 1946

Truman Doctrine 1947

Marshall Aid 1947

Cominform

Comecon

Berlin Blockade 1948-49

NATO 1949

De-Stalinisation

The Geneva Summit 1955

Warsaw Pact 1955

The Hungarian Uprising 1956

Camp David Summit

Paris Summit

The Vienna Summit 1961

Berlin Wall 1961

Bay of Pigs Invasion 1961

Cuban Missile Crisis 1962

This decreased tensions… This made relations better… This improved relations… This significantly improved relations… This increased tensions… This made relations worse… This strained relations… This significantly strained relations…

QUESTION 5: IMPORTANCE OF… (5 MARKS)

Peaceful Coexistence Prague Spring 1968 Brezhnev Doctrine 1968 Détente SALT 1 SALT 2 The Helsinki Agreements Invasion of Afghanistan 1979 Carter Doctrine 1980 Olympic Boycott 1980 & 1984 Second Cold War Evil Empire Speech 1983 SDI Chernobyl Gorbachev’s New Thinking Perestroika Glasnost The Geneva Summit 1985 Reykjavik Summit 1986 INF Treaty 1989 Fall of the Berlin Wall 1989 The CFE Agreement 1990 START

- Importance sentence stating the impact on the international relations - Provide two-three pieces of specific evidence - Make 2/3 points about why it was important to international relations

Teheran Conference 1943

Yalta Conference 1945

Potsdam Conference 1945

The Long Telegram 1946

The Novikov Telegram 1946

Iron Curtain Speech 1946

Truman Doctrine 1947

Marshall Aid 1947

Cominform

Comecon

Berlin Blockade 1948-49

NATO 1949

De-Stalinisation

The Geneva Summit 1955

Warsaw Pact 1955

The Hungarian Uprising 1956

Camp David Summit

Paris Summit

The Vienna Summit 1961

Berlin Wall 1961

Bay of Pigs Invasion 1961

Cuban Missile Crisis 1962

This decreased tensions… This made relations better… This improved relations… This significantly improved relations… This increased tensions… This made relations worse… This strained relations… This significantly strained relations…

Question 6: Change

6. Explain why relations changed between the USA and USSR in the years...

1943-1956

1957-1968

1969-1979

1979-1985

1985-1991

Do relations:

• Get better? • Get worse? • Get better then worse? • Get worse then better?

Remember: You need to cover the

whole period!

- Introduction briefly explaining how relations change in this period

- 3-4 reasons explaining why relations CHANGE

- Link paragraphs together (e.g. ‘The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan led to the Carter Doctrine’)

- Conclusion explaining why one reason is more important than the other reasons

6. Explain why relations changed between the USA and USSR in the years...

Question 6: Change Explain why relations between the USSR and the USA changed in the years 1943-1945 -Teheran -Potsdam

Explain why relations between the USA and the USSR changed in the years 1945-1948 -Potsdam -Marshall Aid

Explain why relations between the USA and the USSR changed in the years 1945-1948 -Capitalism vs Communism -Berlin Blockade

Explain why relations between the USSR and the USA changed in the years 1947-1949 -Truman Doctrine -NATO

Explain why relations between the USA and the USSR changed in the years 1945-1953 -Arms Race -NATO

Explain why relations between the USA and the USSR changed in 1962. -Arms Race -Cuban Missile Crisis

Explain why relations between the USA and the USSR changed in the years 1969-1979. -Detente -Helsinki Agreements

Explain why relations between the USA and the USSR changed in the years 1979-1985. -Carter Doctrine -SDI Programme

Explain why relations between the USA and the USSR changed in the years 1985-1991 -Gorbachev’s New thinking -INF Treaty

Exam Preparation: Cold War - 1 hour and 15 minutes Question 1 - 2 marks - 3min “Give two reasons from Source A which show…” - Identify two pieces of information from a source

Question 2 – 4 marks - 7min “Outline two…” - Identify two actions/decisions/causes/ factors for change

Question 3 - 10 marks - 15 min “How useful are Sources A and B as evidence of…” - Make a judgement on utility of

BOTH sources - Identify where a source is useful - Identify where it is limited - Consider content AND NOP - Use own knowledge.

Question 4 - 6 marks - 9min “Describe the key features of…” - Make 3 points and develop them One key feature was… This meant.. A second key feature was… This meant… A third key feature was… This meant…

Question 5 – 15 marks – 22min “Explain the importance of the following in international relations” - Pick 3 out of 4 events listed in the

question - State its importance - Provide factual detail on the event] - Explain why it was important to

international relations (did it increase or reduce tensions?)

Question 6 – 13 marks + 3 SPAG -19min “Explain why relations changed in the years…” - 3-4 reasons - Link them - Prioritise them - Prioritise one over at least two others and explain your priority in the conclusion