A Seminar Report On

Cognitive Radio Architecture and its Applications

Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringUniversity College of Engineering (Autonomous)Osmania University, Hyderabad-500007

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ABSTRACT*

With the rapid deployment of new wireless devices and applications, the last decade has witnessed a growing demand for wireless radio spectrum. However, the fixed spectrum assignment policy becomes a bottleneck for more efficient spectrum utilization, under which a great portion of the licensed spectrum is severely under-utilized. The inefficient usage of the limited spectrum resources urges the spectrum regulatory bodies to review their policy and start to seek for innovative communication technology that can exploit the wireless spectrum in a more intelligent and flexible way. The concept of cognitive radio is proposed to address the issue of spectrum efficiency and has been receiving an increasing attention in recent years, since it equips wireless users the capability to optimally adapt their operating parameters according to the interactions with the surrounding radio environment. There have been many significant developments in the past few years on cognitive radios. This paper surveys recent advances in research related to cognitive radios. The fundamentals of cognitive radio technology, architecture of a cognitive radio network and its applications are first introduced. The existing works in spectrum sensing are reviewed, and important issues in dynamic spectrum allocation and sharing are investigated in detail.Index TermsCognitive radio (CR), platforms and standards, radio spectrum management, software radio, spectrum sensing, wireless communication.

CONTENTS Page No.

List of Figures and Tables iList of Symbols and Abbreviationsiii

Chapter 1Introduction 1

Chapter 2fundamentals of cognitive radio 112.1 cognitive radio characteristics 12 2.2 cognitive radio functions 122.3 network architecture and applications13

Chapter 3spectrum sensing and analysis233.1 interference temperature 243.2 spectrum sensing 30 3.2.1 energy detector 30 3.2.2 feature detector 31 3.2.3 matched filtering and coherent detector 32 3.2.4 statistical covariance based sensing33 3.2.5 filter based sensing30 3.2.6 learning or reasoning based sensing30 3.2.7 measurement based sensing303.3 cooperative sensing38 3.3.1 user selection 30 3.3.2 decision fusion 31 3.3.3 efficient information sharing 32 3.3.4 distributed cooperative sensing30 Chapter 4dynamic spectrum allocation and sharing39

4.1 spectrum underlay40 4.2 spectrum overlay 40

Chapter 5issues in dynamic spectrum allocation and sharing 46

5.1 medium access control in cognitive radio networks475.2 spectrum handoff475.3 cognitive relaying485.4 spectrum sensing and access 495.5 power in a CR network 505.6 control channel management505.7 distributed spectrum sharing515.8 spectrum sharing game515.9 routing in a CR network525.10 cooperation stimulation and enforcement 535.11 security in CR networks54

Chapter 6COGNITIVE RADIO PLATFORMS AND STANDARDS 86

Chapter 7Conclusions 86

References87Appendix88

References

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