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CO2QUEST Techno-economic and Safety Assessment of

Impact of CO2 Impurities on its Transport

and Storage

http://www.co2quest.eu

European Commission FP7-ENERGY Collaborative Research Programme

Start date:1st March 2013

End date: Feb 2017

Background

CO2QUEST

However, the CO2 stream captured from these various

emission sources will contain a range of different types

of impurities each having its own impact on the

different parts of the CCS chain.

It is clear that for CCS to have a significant impact on

reducing global CO2 emissions, the technology must

embrace all the major industrial CO2 emitters such as

cement, steel manufacturing, chemical processing

and oil refineries as well as fossil fuel power plants.

Approximately 1 tonne of CO2 is emitted / tonne of

cement produced.

3CO2QUEST

Trace elements such as Lead, Mercury and Arsenic

in the CO2 stream are of far greater concern during

storage as compared to pipeline transportation. On

the other hand, even small a concentration of water

causes pipeline corrosion, but of benefit even at

high concentrations during storage.

‘What is good for the pipeline is

not necessarily good for storage’

On top of all this CO2 is an asphyxiant.

The Challenge

What is the optimum

range and

concentration of

impurities that can be

permitted in the CO2

stream to enable its

safe and cost-effective

transportation and

storage?

.

The $m question

There is no simple answer!

CO2 purityC

ost

Capture cost

Transport and storage cost

Total cost

?

What has been achieved

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CO2QUEST has led to the development of the

fundamentally important knowledge,

computational tools and the word-class

experimental test facilities required to

determine the optimum range of CO2

impurities to enable the safe and economic

operation of CCS.

+ 200 Publications, Newsletters, 3

International Conferences & IChemE 2016

Global Process Safety Award

CO2QUEST: Techno-economic Assessment of CO2

Quality Effect on its Storage and Transport

CO2QUEST addresses the impact

of the typical impurities in the

gas or dense phase CO2 stream

captured from fossil fuel power

plants on its safe and economic

transportation and storage.

WP2: CO2 Transport

WP2.1: Pressure Drop/

Compressor Requirement

WP2.2: Near-field Dispersion

WP2.3: Materials Selection

WP2.3.1: Ductile Fractures

WP2.3.2: Brittle Fractures

WP4: Techno-economic

Assessment

WP4.1: Cost/Benefit Analysis

WP4.2: Integrated Whole System

Approach

Important

Impurities

(Transport)

WP1: Fluid Properties & Phase

Behaviour

WP1.1: Typical Impurities

WP1.2: Equation of State Development

and Validation

WP1.3: Experimental Evaluation

WP3: CO2 Storage Reservoir Integrity

Performance

WP3.1: Experimental Evaluation ImpuritiesEffects on Storage

WP3.2: Modelling Impurities Effects onGeological Storage

Tolerance

Levels

Important

Impurities

(Storage)

WP5: Impacts and Risk

Assessment

WP5.1: Risk Profiles of Impurities

WP5.2: Safety and Impacts Decision Making Method

WP5.3: Risk Mitigation and Prevention of Long-Term Impacts

The project is funded by the European Union

7th Framework Programme

FP7-ENERGY-2012-1-2STAGE under grant

agreement number 309102

UPSTREAM (10 m)

DOWNSTREAM (50 m)

Meteorological station

GSM/ADSL antenna

Technical premises

Measurement of soil gases (quality and flux)

Unsaturated zone

Soil

Leakage

Saturated zone

Injection Dissolved gas plume

Upstream piezometer Downstream piezometers and piezairs

Measurement of soil

gases

Measurements in the aquifer

Flow in the aquifer

• Funding: FP7-ENERGY-2012-1

• Budget: 4M €

• Start date: 1st March 2013

• Duration: 36 months

• Coordinator:UCL

WP4: Techno-economic

Assessment

WP4.1: Cost/Benefit Analysis

WP4.2: Integrated Whole System

Approach

Examples

Transparent section

Pump

Weighing

CO2 CH4

or N2

2.7m 7.1m 6.05m 7.5m 6.65m 7.25m 0.3m

Filling and recirculating pumps Release equipment

HD camera

Small Scale Pipeline Rupture_ INERIS (France)

A transparent section

A recirculationg loop with a pump (mixing)

A weighing device (6 points)

Thermal insulation

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Results

Pure CO2

6 mm

Fluxmeter reacts before

thermocouple

The triple point is reached

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JCIbClPbrsU

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Crack propagation tests

Hole diameter : ~4 mm

Pre-cut crack

6 thermocouples

After

the test

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C

2alLtdFI2A

Injection

End of

pipelineDual bursting

disks

50mm orifice

Large-scale Pipeline Rupture_DUT (China)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JCIbClPbrsU

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Vertical Release

T

Frame

Deep-well CO2 injection Facility _EWRE (Israel)

SOIL 1m

11m

25m

Dep

th

Aquifer flow

W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6

tankwaterWater +

impurities + tracers

CO2

Industrial grade CO2 injection in shallow aquifer

- Extraction of groundwater (3 m3) from injection well

1) Before injection (1 day):

- Installation of monitoring equipment in the wells (pH, O2, temp., conductivty + sample pumps)

- Saturation with industrial grade CO2 + mixing with salt and tracers (Uranine, Zn, Li + He)

2) Injection (= « push ») :

- Monitoring of physic-chemical parameters in the W2b

- Sampling for instantaneous dissolved CO2 measurement and for future analysis (trace elements, tracer).

Technical shed

Weather station

W2b

CO2 plume

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SOIL 1m

11m

25m

Dep

th

Aquifer flow

W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6

Industrial grade CO2 injection in shallow aquifer

- Extraction of groundwater (>100 x 3 m3) from injection well.

3) « Pull » after 3 days of water-rock interaction :

- Installation of monitoring equipment in the W2 and W2b wells (pH, T, conductivty, automatic sampler)

Technical shed

Measurement and sampling tank

W2b

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