Sheet 1 of TOTAL

1

CO2 Utilization in Ready Mixed Concrete Production Sean Monkman, PhD PEng VP Technology Development CarbonCure Technologies Inc

2 www.carboncure.com Simply Better Concrete 6th Carbon Dioxide Utilization Summit, Newark, NJ

Feb 25, 2016

is the most abundant man-made material on the planet and makes up about 50% by mass of all materials produced globally.

Materials and the Environment, 2nd Ed, by M.F. Ashby, 2012

CONCRETE

3 www.carboncure.com Simply Better Concrete 6th Carbon Dioxide Utilization Summit, Newark, NJ

Feb 25, 2016

CO2 EMISSIONS

3 Damtoft et al, (2008). Cement and Concrete Research, 38(2), 115-127

are a byproduct of cement production and total about 5% of the total annual global. One tonne of cement

clinker results in about 865 kg of CO2 emitted.

4 www.carboncure.com Simply Better Concrete 6th Carbon Dioxide Utilization Summit, Newark, NJ

Feb 25, 2016

Carbon solution: upcycle CO2

4

Limestone CaCO3

CO2 permanently mineralized within concrete

Concrete

Add aggregates & water

CaCO3 bound within

CO2

Cement CaO

Precipitation (CO2 Storage)

Ca+2(aq) + CO3

-2(aq) ↔ CaCO3 (s)

5 www.carboncure.com Simply Better Concrete 6th Carbon Dioxide Utilization Summit, Newark, NJ

Feb 25, 2016 5

Trial summary

o  Workability, temperature, isothermal calorimetry o  Compressive strength (1, 3, 7, 28, 56, 91 days), o  Resistivity

Truck 1 Control and three sequential doses of CO2

Truck 2 One dose of CO2 during batching

6 www.carboncure.com Simply Better Concrete 6th Carbon Dioxide Utilization Summit, Newark, NJ

Feb 25, 2016

Low dose trial

Strength - CO2 during batching

6

114%

126%

121%

115%

118%

Con

trol

CO

2

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

1 day 3 day 7 day 28 day 56 day

Com

pres

sive

Str

engt

h (p

si)

Test Age

7 www.carboncure.com Simply Better Concrete 6th Carbon Dioxide Utilization Summit, Newark, NJ

Feb 25, 2016 7

Gas system meters CO2

8 www.carboncure.com Simply Better Concrete 6th Carbon Dioxide Utilization Summit, Newark, NJ

Feb 25, 2016

Gas delivery wand

Use wand to direct the injection

9 www.carboncure.com Simply Better Concrete 6th Carbon Dioxide Utilization Summit, Newark, NJ

Feb 25, 2016

Gas hooked onto the truck

10 www.carboncure.com Simply Better Concrete 6th Carbon Dioxide Utilization Summit, Newark, NJ

Feb 25, 2016

Pilot Program Research Goals

•  Investigate viable CO2 utilization approach in ready-mixed concrete

•  Establish impact on fresh properties •  Establish impact on hardened properties

•  Compressive strength •  Durability metrics

•  Develop optimized mix designs using CO2 as an admixture

10

11 www.carboncure.com Simply Better Concrete 6th Carbon Dioxide Utilization Summit, Newark, NJ

Feb 25, 2016

Pilot Program

11

•  Technology trials at 14 locations through June 2015

•  Limited scale •  Optimal dosing

not necessarily achieved

12 www.carboncure.com Simply Better Concrete 6th Carbon Dioxide Utilization Summit, Newark, NJ

Feb 25, 2016 12

Trial – Miami Feb 2015 Design: 3000 psi @ 24 hrs and 6000 psi @ 28 days, 16% Class F fly ash

116%

113%

117%

107%

Con

trol

CO

2

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1 4 7 28

Com

pres

sive

Str

engt

h (p

si)

Com

pres

sive

Str

engt

h (M

Pa)

Test age (days) Control air = 0.7% CO2 air = 0.7%

13 www.carboncure.com Simply Better Concrete 6th Carbon Dioxide Utilization Summit, Newark, NJ

Feb 25, 2016 13

Trial – Virginia April 2015 Design: 5000 psi, 25% slag

Control air = 7.0% CO2 air = 7.5%

189%

153%

139%

120%

Con

trol

CO

2

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1 day 4 day 7 day 28 day

Com

pres

sive

Str

engt

h (p

si)

Com

pres

sive

Str

engt

h (M

Pa)

Test age

14 www.carboncure.com Simply Better Concrete 6th Carbon Dioxide Utilization Summit, Newark, NJ

Feb 25, 2016 14

Trial – Chicago May 2015 Design: 4000 psi, 17.5% Class C fly ash

106%

113%

110%

116%

Con

trol

CO

2

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1 day 3 day 7 day 28 day

Com

pres

sive

Str

engt

h (p

si)

Com

pres

sive

Str

engt

h (M

Pa)

Test age Control air = 9.5% CO2 air = 9.7%

15 www.carboncure.com Simply Better Concrete 6th Carbon Dioxide Utilization Summit, Newark, NJ

Feb 25, 2016 15

Trial – Atlanta June 2015 Design: 5000 psi high early, 20.0% Class F fly ash

111%

115%

114%

108%

Con

trol

CO

2

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1 Day 3 Day 7 Day 28 Day

Com

pres

sive

Str

engt

h (p

si)

Com

pres

sive

Str

engt

h (M

Pa)

Test age Control air = 1.6% CO2 air = 1.8%

16 www.carboncure.com Simply Better Concrete 6th Carbon Dioxide Utilization Summit, Newark, NJ

Feb 25, 2016

Compressive Strength Results

16

114% 116% 113% 110%

80%

100%

120%

140%

160%

180%

200%

1 day 3 days 7 days 28 days

Com

pres

sive

Str

engt

h R

elat

ive

to R

efer

ence

Test Age

17 www.carboncure.com Simply Better Concrete 6th Carbon Dioxide Utilization Summit, Newark, NJ

Feb 25, 2016

Influence on Slump

17

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Slum

p (in

ches

)

Mix

Control CO2 No effect on workability

18 www.carboncure.com Simply Better Concrete 6th Carbon Dioxide Utilization Summit, Newark, NJ

Feb 25, 2016

Influence on Air

18

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

Air

cont

ent

Mix

Control CO2 No effect on air content

19 www.carboncure.com Simply Better Concrete 6th Carbon Dioxide Utilization Summit, Newark, NJ

Feb 25, 2016

Durability testing

19

TEST RESULT

Flexural Strength (C78)

Absorption (C642)

Abrasion (C944)

RCPT (C1202)

Resistivity

Bulk chloride diffusion (C1556)

Freeze/thaw (C666)

Drying Shrinkage (C426)

Service Carbonation (RILEM CPC-18)

Salt Scaling (BNQ NQ 2621-900)

Corrosion (G109, C876)

TEST RESULT

Flexural Strength (C78) Increased 6%

Absorption (C642) Equivalent

Abrasion (C944) Reduced 7%

RCPT (C1202) Equivalent (moderate)

Resistivity Equivalent (moderate)

Bulk chloride diffusion (C1556) Equivalent

Freeze/thaw (C666) Equivalent (mass loss <0.2%, pass)

Drying Shrinkage (C426) Equivalent

Service Carbonation (RILEM CPC-18) Reduced 29/54/25%

Salt Scaling (BNQ NQ 2621-900) Equivalent

Corrosion (G109, C876) Equivalent (none observed)

20 www.carboncure.com Simply Better Concrete 6th Carbon Dioxide Utilization Summit, Newark, NJ

Feb 25, 2016

Substrate

Mechanism

Carbonate Particle

20

In-situ development of nano-CaCO3

21 www.carboncure.com Simply Better Concrete 6th Carbon Dioxide Utilization Summit, Newark, NJ

Feb 25, 2016 21

Current Status

•  Pilot effort is complete. •  Technology rollout

is underway.

22 www.carboncure.com Simply Better Concrete 6th Carbon Dioxide Utilization Summit, Newark, NJ

Feb 25, 2016

Future Work

Commissioning Program •  Five early adopter

installs identified •  DC, Charlotte, Atlanta

•  17 others at contracting stage

•  Long term operation will seek: •  Proven strength benefit •  Reproducibility •  End-user feedback •  Mix design optimization

22

23 www.carboncure.com Simply Better Concrete 6th Carbon Dioxide Utilization Summit, Newark, NJ

Feb 25, 2016 23

Environmental Impact •  Doses are small, but industry is huge •  A consistent strength benefit allows for

increased SCM usage thereby lowering the carbon footprint of the concrete mix design.

24 www.carboncure.com Simply Better Concrete 6th Carbon Dioxide Utilization Summit, Newark, NJ

Feb 25, 2016

CO2 Supply Today •  Market-based supplies •  CO2 sourced from large

industrial emitters

Tomorrow •  Integrated small supplies •  CO2 sourced from cement and

concrete plants •  Annual utilization of 30-50

tonnes/site

24

25 www.carboncure.com Simply Better Concrete 6th Carbon Dioxide Utilization Summit, Newark, NJ

Feb 25, 2016

Acknowledgements

•  NRC – Industrial Research Assistance Program (IRAP)

•  Sustainable Development Technology Canada (SDTC)

•  The industrial partners •  Doug Hooton (UofT) •  Mike Thomas (UNB) •  Greg Dipple (UBC)

25

26 www.carboncure.com Simply Better Concrete 6th Carbon Dioxide Utilization Summit, Newark, NJ

Feb 25, 2016

Concluding slide

26