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COCO22 Storage in Depleted Oil Fields: Storage in Depleted Oil Fields: The Worldwide Potential for Carbon DioxideThe Worldwide Potential for Carbon DioxideThe Worldwide Potential for Carbon Dioxide The Worldwide Potential for Carbon Dioxide
Enhanced Oil RecoveryEnhanced Oil RecoveryPresenter: Michael L GodecPresenter: Michael L. GodecAdvanced Resources International
Coauthors:Vello A Kuuskraa ARIVello A. Kuuskraa, ARITyler Van Leeuwen, ARI
L. Stephen Melzer, Melzer ConsultingNeil Wildgust, IEA GHG
1
September 22, 2010
What is COWhat is CO22--EOR?EOR?
Purchased CO2Anthropogenic and/or
Natural SourcesInjected
CO2
Recycled CO2 from
Production Well
Zone ofEfficient Sweep
Immobile Oil
COCO Di l d (S t d) COStored in PoreSpace
2 CO Dissolved (Sequestered)in the Immobile
Oil and Gas Phases2
DriverWater Water Miscible
ZoneOil
BankAdditional
OilRecovery
CO2 CO2
2
JAF01981.CDR
Immobile Oil
Advanced Resources International
Study ObjectivesStudy Objectives
1. How large is the world-wide oil resource gpotential offered by CO2-EOR• Along with associated CO2 storage capacity
2. What factors have facilitated or hindered the wide-scale deployment of CO2-EOR?
3 What set of actions could significantly3. What set of actions could significantly increase storage potential from the integrated application of CO2-EOR and CO2 storage?
3
Overview of StudyOverview of Study
1. Reviewed worldwide CO2-EOR operations 2 pconducted to date (successes and failures)
2. Built database of world’s largest 54 oil basins• 95% of world’s recoverable oil potential
3. Assessed CO2-EOR oil recovery and CO2storage capacity potential in these basinsstorage capacity potential in these basins• Using the U.S. experience as analogue
4 Examined ways to expand CO2 storage4. Examined ways to expand CO2 storage capacity in conjunction with CO2-EOR
4
U.S. COU.S. CO22--EOR Activity EOR Activity –– Oil Fields and COOil Fields and CO22 SourcesSources
Dakota CoalGasification
Number of CO2‐EOR Projects
Natural CO2 Source
114
LaBarge 6
Plant
Antrim GasPlant
Industrial CO2 Source
Existing CO2 Pipeline
CO2 Pipeline Under Development
Encore PipelinegGas Plant
Enid Fertilizer PlantM El D
116
21
1
Most CO2-EOR activity currently in North America
Currently, 114 projects provide 281 000 B/D i U S
Encore Pipeline
Lost Cabin Gas Plant
JacksonDome
McElmo DomeSheep Mountain
Bravo Dome8
68
1 281,000 B/D in U.S. Additional projects planned to
help increase CO2 supply to CO2-EOR1
Val VerdeGas Plants
16 Natural & anthropogenicNew CO2 pipelines
Source: Advanced Resources International Inc based on Oil and Gas Journal 2010 and other sources
Denbury/Green Pipeline
5
Source: Advanced Resources International, Inc., based on Oil and Gas Journal, 2010 and other sources.
Growth Of COGrowth Of CO22--EOR Production in the U.S.EOR Production in the U.S.22
300,000
GULF COAST/OTHER
JAF2010_031.XLS
Significant further growth in production constrained by available supplies of CO
200,000
250,000GULF COAST/OTHERMID-CONTINENTROCKY MOUNTAINSPERMIAN BASIN
(bar
rels/
day)
constrained by available supplies of CO2
150,000
Oil R
ecov
ery (
50,000
100,000
Incr
emen
tal
01986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
Year
6
Source: Advanced Resources Int’l., based on Oil and Gas Journal, 2010.
Overview of Resource Assessment Overview of Resource Assessment Methodology Methodology gygy
1. Select oil basins favorable for CO2-EOR operations2. Estimate the volume of original oil in place (OOIP) in
world oil basins3 Characterize oil basins and the potential fields within3. Characterize oil basins, and the potential fields within
these basins, amenable to CO2-EOR4. Estimate CO2-EOR flood performance/recovery
efficiencyefficiency5. Estimate the volume of oil technically recoverable
with CO2-EOR6. Estimate volume of CO2 that could be stored by these
CO2-EOR operations
7
World Characterization Based on Detailed World Characterization Based on Detailed Assessment of COAssessment of CO22--EOR Potential In U.SEOR Potential In U.S. .
Ad anced Reso rces assessedAdvanced Resources assessed potential of applying “state-of-the-art” CO2-EOR in the U.S.: • 82 billion barrels of technically recoverable resource • 37 to 68 billion barrels of economically recoverable
resource, depending on oil price and CO2 costs.
Results are based on applying streamline reservoir simulation and economic analyses to over 6,000 large oil reservoirs (75% of U.S. oil production). g ( p )
8
Basins Assessed for COBasins Assessed for CO22--EOR PotentialEOR Potential
B i Region Name Basin Count
Asia Pacific 8Central and South America 7Europe 2Former Soviet Union 6Middle East and North Africa 11
Assessed 54 large world oil basins for CO2-based Enhanced Oil Recovery
• High level 1st order assessment of CONorth America/Other 3North America/United States 14South Asia 1S Africa/Antarctica 2
• High level, 1st order assessment of CO2-EOR and associated storage potential, using U.S. experience as analog.
• Tested basin-level estimates with detailed
9
S. Africa/Antarctica 2Total 54
modeling of 47 large oil fields in 6 basins.
COCO22--EOR Potential in World’s Oil Basins* EOR Potential in World’s Oil Basins* (Billions of Barrels)(Billions of Barrels)(Billions of Barrels)(Billions of Barrels)
RegionCO2-EOR, Discovered
FieldsCO2-EOR,
UndiscoveredResources
TotalPotential
L S ll ResourcesLarge Small1. Asia Pacific 18 7 5 302. C. & S. America 32 12 16 603. Europe 16 6 6 284. FSU 79 29 44 1525. M. East/N. Africa 231 85 96 4125 ast/ ca 3 85 966. NA/Other 18 7 4 297. NA/U.S.** 60 23 38 1218 South Asia8. South Asia - - - -9. S. Africa/Antarctica 15 5 29 49
TOTAL 469 174 238 881
10
* Includes potential from discovered and undiscovered fields, but not estimated future growth in discovered fields
** Not including offshore & Alaska
COCO2 2 Storage Potential with COStorage Potential with CO22--EOR (inc. EOR (inc. Reserves Growth) Reserves Growth)
Region CO2-EOR Potential(Billion Barrels)
CO2 Storage Potential ( billion tonnes)
1. Asia Pacific 30 82. C. & S. America 60 203. Europe 28 8p4. FSU 152 425. Middle East/N. Africa 1256 N America/Non U S 29 96. N. America/Non U.S 29 97. United States 121 348. South Asia - -9. S. Africa/Antarctica 49 15Subtotal 881 261Add’l w/ Res. Growth 191 57
11
TOTAL 1,072 318
Storage Potential Associated with COStorage Potential Associated with CO22--EOR EOR in Basins with Sufficient COin Basins with Sufficient CO SuppliesSuppliesin Basins with Sufficient COin Basins with Sufficient CO22 SuppliesSupplies
70
50
60
70
GT)
20
30
40
CO
2 S
tore
d (
0
10
20
800 Kilometers 200 Kilometers 15 KilometersMaximum Distance from Basin
CO2 Sequestered in Basins with Adequate Supplies CO2 Stored in All Basins
12
Integrating COIntegrating CO22--EOR and COEOR and CO22 Storage Could Storage Could Increase Storage PotentialIncrease Storage Potential
CO2 SourceCO2 SourceOil to MarketOil to Market Production WellProduction Well
CO2Injection
CO2Injection
COCOCO2Recycled
CO2Recycled
Swept AreaSwept Area
Current Water Oil Contact
Current Water Oil Contact
Original Water
Original Water
Stage #1Stage #1
Stage #2Stage #2Unswept AreaUnswept Area
Oil BankOil Bank
13
WaterOil Contact
WaterOil Contact Stage #3Stage #3TZ/ROZTZ/ROZ
Saline ReservoirSaline Reservoir
ConclusionsConclusions1. CO2-EOR is not a new phenomena
• Underway > 30 years in favorable fields with access to ff d bl CO2affordable CO2
2. CO2-EOR has potential to produce 470 - 1,070 billion barrels
3. And store up to 320 billion metric tons of CO2
• Equivalent to the emissions of 4,300 one-GW size coal-fired power plants for 40 years of operationfired power plants for 40 years of operation
4. Half the CO2 demand for CO2-EOR can be met by industrial sources within distances comparable to current CO pipelines serving EOR projectscurrent CO2 pipelines serving EOR projects
4. Numerous options and actions could further increase oil recovery and CO2 storage capacity
14