CMZ Programming Manual

PROGRAMMING MANUAL( G codes type A )

Manual supplied with

CMZ CNC LATHESModels

(for all machines)

The basic preventive information contained in the manual should be observed in order to ensure a safe operation of the machine. The operator should thoroughly read this manual before operating the machine.

Keep this manual at hand reach in a safe location.

Issue 07.2004Valid for

TL-15 from machine 368TL-20 from machine 368TL-25 from machine 368TB-46 from machine 123TB-67 from machine 123TBI520 from machine 556

The machine includes more functions that those described in this manual. However, the purchaser will have not the right of demanding any of these additional functions at the time the machine is supplied or when serviced by our After-sales Service.

CMZ reserves the right of making technical changes without previous notice.

No part of this manual may be transmitted or copied, in any form or by any means, without the previous written permission of CMZ. Infringers will be prosecuted and claims for damages will be lodged. Al rights reserved, particularly in case of Patent or Utility Model.

© C.M.Z. , S.A. 2004 All Rights Reserved

PROGRAMMING MANUAL -3-

MEANING OF SYMBOLS

Several symbols are used to indicate the various types of warning or advise.

The operator must know the meaning of these symbols and carefully read the instructions enclosed in order to ensure a safe operation of the machine.

<Symbols related to warning messages>

The instructions provided are classified into three categories: DANGER, WARNING and CAUTION

The following symbols are used to indicate the hazard level:

Indicates an imminent hazard that, if not prevented, will be cause of death or serious injures. The instructions contained in DANGER boxes must be strictly observed.

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not prevented, could be cause of death or serious injures.The instructions contained in WARNING boxes must be strictly observed.

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not prevented, could be cause of little or moderate damages to the machine.The instructions next to CAUTION symbol must be strictly observed.

<Other Symbols>

The format identified by this symbol provides information on programming.

Indicates those aspects that should be considered.

Indicates the manual or page number to which you should be referred to find further information on the topic in question.

Provides guidelines on the topic being described.

Provides an example for a given procedure.

EXAMPLE

COMMAND


The format identified by this symbol provides information on programming. ............................................ 3

Indicates those aspects that should be considered. ................................................................................ 3

Indicates the manual or page number to which you should be referred to find further information on the

topic in question. ....................................................................................................................................... 3

Provides guidelines on the topic being described. .................................................................................... 3

Provides an example for a given procedure. ............................................................................................ 3

1. BASIC CONCEPTS ............................................................................................................................. 24

Refer to operation manual for further information on this subject, chapter B, point 3: SELECTING THE

COORDINATE SYSTEM ......................................................................................................................... 24

If the machine is provided with a subhead, C1 would be for the main head and C2 for the subhead. .... 25

Cutting speed formula: ........................................................................................................................... 25

Vc= Cutting speed .................................................................................................................................. 25

D= Part standard diameter ..................................................................................................................... 25

n= Rpm limit. .......................................................................................................................................... 25

As you can see, two variants are available “,C” and “,A” with a leading comma to differentiate them from

C- and A-axis ........................................................................................................................................... 25

New correction values must be entered when the tool is moved because of a hit .................................. 26

Refer to operation manual for further information on this subject, chapter B, point 4: OPERATION

PROCEDURE FOR MANUAL TOOL PRESETTER INTEGRATED IN THE MACHINE .......................... 26

When a tool is placed on the subhead (the case may be in which double toolholders are used for the

head and the subhead) keep in mind that correction values are ? 21, that is, for position 1 the correction

value will be 21, for position 2, 22, and so on. ......................................................................................... 26

It can be also placed in other location, even though it is advised not to do it, as following up and verifying

the program would much more difficult and you should continuously calculate the difference between this

position and workpiece end. .................................................................................................................... 26

We advise you to enter workpiece zero at the beginning of the program. .............................................. 26

How preparing the machine for machining operations with transfer: ...................................................... 27

1st Determine workpiece zero and carry out the 1st machining stage. ................................................... 27

2nd Stop the machine and verify the dimension before doing the transfer. ............................................ 27

3nd Do the transfer and place the subhead in working position. ............................................................. 27


4nd Stop the machine and determine workpiece zero before performing the 2nd machining stage. ...... 27

In this manual we will always refer to codes G type A. Refer to Fanuc programming manual for further

information on G codes. .......................................................................................................................... 29

Comment: ............................................................................................................................................... 29

These are notes included in the program. .............................................................................................. 29

These notes are totally optional, and it is up to the programmer to enter them or not. ........................... 29

These notes will be always placed in brackets () in order to prevent the program reading them. ........... 29

T101 29

Here is shown that the tool to be used is in position 1 and a correction value of 01 is applied. .............. 29

T0101 could be also entered, as the four mandatory characters are present, however, the first zero is

optional. ................................................................................................................................................... 29

Head rotation direction: .......................................................................................................................... 29

M3 head rotation direction ...................................................................................................................... 29

M4 head rotation direction reverse or clockwise. .................................................................................... 29

M4 M200 M8 .......................................................................................................................................... 29

As seen in this example, up to 3 M codes can be programmed on each line. ........................................ 29

It is always advisable to switch chip conveyor and coolant on at the start of the program, excepting for

special cases. .......................................................................................................................................... 29

G0 X150 Z150 ........................................................................................................................................ 29

Note that tool retraction in this example is to 150 mm on X+ and 150 mm on Z+ from workpiece zero,

and not from chuck face, as no order for changing the position is given to workpiece zero, which in this

example is maintained in the previous position. ...................................................................................... 29

Line number (N10, N20...) ...................................................................................................................... 29

Line numbers are optional, and can be either entered or not. ................................................................. 29

It is advisable to enter line numbers with a margin, such as 10, 20 …, as you can then enter

intermediate operations without requiring changing all line numbers (10, 12, 13, 20...). .......................... 29

G96 G99 S200 F.25 ............................................................................................................................... 29

As you can see, G codes are first placed and then S and F codes. Codes can be also entered in the

following manner: G96 S200 G99 F.25 ................................................................................................... 29

Entering codes such as G96 and G50 in the same line is not permitted. ................................................ 29

In this example you can see that the first pass (N10 to N50) is carried out letting part of the machining


operation for de second pass (N60 to N120). .......................................................................................... 30

You can also see that for taper turning entering the start point and the end point will not be necessary,

and the angle between these two points will be machined. ..................................................................... 30

In this example the part would have a ø35 hole. ..................................................................................... 31

In this example we consider that the part is rough machined. ................................................................ 32

As seen in this example, G2 is used to machine radii in clockwise direction and G3 in counterclockwise

direction. .................................................................................................................................................. 32

You can also see that G2 or G3 is first entered, then the end point, and finally the radius, .................... 32

As you can see, for the interpolation, you must know the point from which this interpolation will take

place in order to change radius direction (in this example on point X69.282 Z-60). ................................. 33

In this example, slots of de ø65, ø71 and ø69 are to be machined. For this, tool T5 will be used. ......... 34

The references are: U for X-axis (U-command also on ø to) .................................................................. 34

W for the Y-axis ..................................................................................................................................... 34

H for the C-axis ..................................................................................................................................... 34

Time delays are entered each time a slot is machined in order to stop the tool for a given time and then

properly complete the machining operation. ............................................................................................ 34

To go from M3 to M4, first enter M5 to stop the head. ............................................................................ 35

2. G FUNCTIONS ................................................................................................................................... 36

This section describes G codes more commonly used. Refer to CNC unit manual supplied by the

manufacturer for G codes not included in this section. ............................................................................ 36

1- More than one G code may be programmed in a block, provided they are from different groups. ..... 36

2.- If more than one G code in a group is programmed in a block, only the last programmed G code will

be executed. ............................................................................................................................................ 36

3.- If a G code not specified in the list of G codes or a G code related to a function not available in the

machine is programmed, alarm message no. 010 will be displayed. ....................................................... 36

4.- G codes marked with % are activated by default when CNC is started or RESET key pressed. 36

*1: Standard machines with automatic tailstock (T). ............................................................................... 37

*2: Standard for machines with powered tool ......................................................................................... 37

*3: Optional for machines with sub-head (S). ......................................................................................... 37

*4: Standard for machines with sub-head (S). ........................................................................................ 37

*5: Optional for machines with powered tool. .......................................................................................... 37


3. M FUNCTIONS ................................................................................................................................... 40

For M codes not included in this manual, refer to CMZ. In some machine models, other M codes for

functions different to those described herein may be availbale. ............................................................... 40

4. THREADING ....................................................................................................................................... 45

The outside thread area will be turned to a diameter (- 0.1 mm the metric diameter) in order to prevent

that thread tips can result in sharp edges. ............................................................................................... 46

G32 for threading operations, always operate at fixed rpm (G97). ......................................................... 46

When retapping threads, do not release the workpiece, do not change the speed and do not change the

start point. ............................................................................................................................................... 46

5. CONTROL FIXED CYCLES ................................................................................................................ 47

You can find here a brief explanation of machining cycles. For a detailed description, refer to section 13

of FANUC manual, part 1/2 ..................................................................................................................... 47

At the end of each cycle sequence the machine is always positioned in the position at which this cycle

sequence was started. The tool will be commonly located in the position used for rough machining. ..... 47

The profile allows changing X and Z direction. ....................................................................................... 47

At the end of each cycle sequence the machine is always positioned in the position at which this cycle

sequence was started. ............................................................................................................................. 47

The positioning allows changing X- and Z-axis direction. ....................................................................... 47

If the block G71 U3 R1 is entered for the first time, it will be stored in the parameter U=P5132 and

R=P5133 and will be kept until changed in either the program or the parameter. .................................... 47

Same as the above one, excepting for the profile. .................................................................................. 48

IMPORTANT: Roughing cycles are without tool radius compensation. Because of this, higher

allowances will be specified for X and Z depending on tool radius. ......................................................... 49

6. EXAMPLES OF FIXED CYCLES ........................................................................................................ 51

For retraction at the start, the end of program will be replaced by this end of program; with cycle G83

the control retracts the drill to the start point (X0 Z3) every time, thus the retraction (R05) is not entered.

52

Groove width or groove end point can be defined with a W code in this example (W27, that is, 30 – 3 of

tool), if tool is positioned on the right-hand would be (W-27). For either Z or W, tool width must be

subtracted. .............................................................................................................................................. 53

It must be kept in mind that in all cases when pitch is multiplied by the revolutions the result must be ?

4000. Pitch x R.P.M. . 4000. ................................................................................................................. 55


7. PROGRAMMING SIMPLIFICATION FUNCTIONS ............................................................................. 58

Command and tool displacement tables are included in paragraph 13.6 of Fanuc Manual, part 1/2. ..... 58

In theses cases, considering tool direction is most important. ................................................................ 58

The easier procedure is drawing a quadrant on the drawing and locate the degrees as shown on the

above diagram. ........................................................................................................................................ 58

Finishing on (P3): ................................................................................................................................... 60

N140 X200 C2; ....................................................................................................................................... 60

N150 Z-102 (it is not known if right or left); ............................................................................................. 60

You can program two angles with 2 radii or bevels as a maximum. ....................................................... 60

For further information on this subject, refer to section 14 on Fanuc manual, part 1/2. .......................... 60

All cycles ends where they are started and, because of this, finishing positioning is done above the

workpiece. ............................................................................................................................................... 66

For control units with capability for machining profiles with X-axis direction reversal, the first block for

defining the profile must state the movement of the two axes or include “U0” or “W0”. ........................... 68

Roughing cycles are without tool radius compensation. Because of this, higher allowances will be

specified for X and Z depending on tool radius. ....................................................................................... 68

8. FIXED CYCLES BY CMZ .................................................................................................................... 76

G38 can be only programmed on machines equipped with sub-head (S) .............................................. 76

G38 B (J)_K_F_Q_; ................................................................................................................................ 76

- G38 Workpiece push checking command. ........................................................................................... 76

- B Absolute command ........................................................................................................................... 76

This is a B-axis coordinate value for the working position at which the workpiece will be transferred from

the head to the sub-head. ........................................................................................................................ 76

- F Advance (mm/min) ............................................................................................................................ 76

This is the advance speed for workpiece transfer operation. .................................................................. 76

- Q Transfer position tolerance. .............................................................................................................. 76

After the workpiece is positioned on B+Q as a result of transfer operation, the program will be advanced

to the following block. .............................................................................................................................. 76

1- If B-axis position after retracted from detected transfer position is out of the specified tolerance

“B+Q”, an alarm message will be displayed ............................................................................................ 76

3011 CYCLE NOT COMPLETED ........................................................................................................... 76


and the machine will be stopped. ........................................................................................................... 76

2- If Q value is omitted, the tolerance for workpiece position will be 1 mm. ............................................ 76

3- The approach point specified before G38 must be a point located at a distance of 1 mm from the

sub-head chuck. ...................................................................................................................................... 76

4- It is assumed that all coordinate values for B-axis are negative. ........................................................ 76

5- If any cycle argument is erroneous, the following alarm message will be displayed: ......................... 76

3012 ILLEGAL COMMAND .................................................................................................................... 76

Machining program ................................................................................................................................. 77

G97 S1000 M03; Main head rotates at 1000 min-1 ................................................................................ 77

M33; Speed synchronisation .................................................................................................................. 77

M211; Open sub-head chuck jaws ......................................................................................................... 77

G0 B-_; Sub-head moved to B position (approach point) (machine co-ordinate system) (First approach)

77

G98 G01 B-_F1000; Sub-head approached to workpiece at 1000 mm/min-1 (Second approach) ......... 77

G38 B_F_Q_; Workpiece push detection ............................................................................................... 77

Includes workpiece clamping operation on sub-head. ............................................................................ 77

G99; Advance per revolution. ................................................................................................................. 77

M36; Speed synchronisation disabled .................................................................................................... 77

G28 B0; B-axis retracted to reference point. .......................................................................................... 77

Advance the tailstock to 10 mm on G0. From this position, the tailstock must be advanced on G1 until

reaching the torque limit with F700mm/min. ............................................................................................ 79

If S value is omitted, the default advance value on clamping will be: ..................................................... 80

200 mm/min. .......................................................................................................................................... 80

If D value is omitted, the default retraction value will be: ........................................................................ 80

1500 mm/min. ........................................................................................................................................ 80

The tailstock is advanced to the B-position (-425.8+5=-420.8mm) on G0, as K is 5 and B is –425.8.

From this position, the tailstock is advanced on G1 until reaching the torque, with F700mm/min, as S is

700. 82

After executing the part-clamping-movement, the new T code will be executed. ................................... 82

If the B-axis final position is less or equal to “B” (in the example, -425.8mm), the alarm 3011 PART NOT


CLAMPED will appear. ............................................................................................................................ 82

Commands G384 and G380 can be only used on machines equipped with powered tool. .................... 83

< Rigid threading cycle on front end > .................................................................................................... 83

G384 X_C_Z_ ........................................................................................................................................ 83

H_R_F_S_D_M_E_Q_A_T2(T3); ........................................................................................................... 83

< Rigid threading cycle on a side > ......................................................................................................... 83

G384 X_C_Z_ ........................................................................................................................................ 83

H_R_F_S_D_M_E_Q_A_T1; ................................................................................................................. 83

G380; 83

- G384 Enables a rigid threading cycle ................................................................................................... 83

- G380 Disables a rigid threading cycle .................................................................................................. 83

- X,Z,C Absolute command for positioning the tool in front of hole centre.< Rigid threading on front end

> 83

- R Used to set R point position (incremental value). .............................................................................. 83

- H Specifies the position of hole bottom on X- or Z-axis from point R (incremental value) .................... 83

- F Used to set thread pitch (mm). .......................................................................................................... 83

- S Used to set tool lead-in speed (min-1). ............................................................................................. 83

- D Used to set tool lead-out speed (min-1). ........................................................................................... 83

- A Specifies the command for t code, for selecting a new tool. ............................................................. 83

- M Used to activate head brake. ............................................................................................................ 83

M50 Brake of head or head 1. ................................................................................................................ 83

M250 Brake of head 2. ........................................................................................................................... 83

- T Used to set threading direction. ......................................................................................................... 83

T1 Direction according to X-axis (threaded radial). ................................................................................. 83

T2 Direction according to Z-axis (threaded axial <head 1>). .................................................................. 83


- Transmission ratio powered tool holder ................................................................................................ 83

E Tool holder input speed ....................................................................................................................... 83

Q Tool holder output speed. ................................................................................................................... 83


1- For a threading cycle, axis and head override will be set to 100%. .................................................... 84

2- Dry Run function is not available when a threading cycle is being executed. ..................................... 84

3- Ensure that powered tool and head are stopped prior to executing a threading cycle. ....................... 84

4- As axes and tool are synchonised, using a floating tap will not be required. ...................................... 84

5- Powered tool speed will be limited when using a rigid threading cycle. .............................................. 84

For subsequent calls, only a single coordinate value is possible. X or Z or C. ........................................ 84

7- G384 function is programmed in all blocks requiring a rigid threading cycle. H, R, F, S, D, M, Q, E, A

and T values must not be entered in the second block in which a rigid threading cycle is programmed, as

well as in all subsequent blocks. Only the position at which a threading operation is to be carried out

must be entered. .................................................................................................................................... 84

8- H argument is the distance from R point to hole bottom. .................................................................... 84

9- Entering the number of repeats for a rigid threading cycle is not permitted. ....................................... 84

10- A rigid threading cycle enabled with G384 must be disabled with G380. .......................................... 84

If another fixed cycle is entered without previously disabling a rigid threading cycle, an alarm message

(No. 3011) will be displayed. Indexing the turret with a T command during a rigid threading cycle is not

permitted. ................................................................................................................................................ 84

If another fixed cycle is specified without previously cancelling the rigid threading cycle, a collision

between tool and workpiece may occur. .................................................................................................. 84

11- During a rigid threading cycle, turret indexing by means of command T is carried out when starting

the cycle and before positioning the axes. ............................................................................................... 84

12- If no D value is specified, tool lead-in and lead-out speed will be that specified for S. ...................... 84

13- If neither M50 nor M250 is specified, there will be no head braking. ................................................ 84

14- T3 value must be only specified for machins equipped with a sub-head (S). This value must not be

used to perform a front threading operation on a workpiece located on the sub-head. ........................... 84

15- Commnad M250 will be only valid if a T3 value is specified. ............................................................ 84

16- If any cycle argument is erroneous, the following alarm message will be displayed: ........................ 84

Power tool is stopped ............................................................................................................................. 85

When moving from initial point to R point, powered tool rotation is stopped. .......................................... 85

G00 X200.0 Z100.0 M05; Powered tool is stopped. ............................................................................... 86

M81; C-axis is disabled. ......................................................................................................................... 86



Commands G384 and G380 can be only used on machines equipped with powered tool. .................... 88

< Rigid threading cycle on front end > .................................................................................................... 88

G384 X_C_Z_ ........................................................................................................................................ 88

H_R_F_S_D_M_E_Q_A_T2(T3); ........................................................................................................... 88

< Rigid threading cycle on a side > ......................................................................................................... 88

G384 X_C_Z_ ........................................................................................................................................ 88

H_R_F_S_D_M_E_Q_A_T1; ................................................................................................................. 88

G380; 88

- G384 Enables a rigid threading cycle ................................................................................................... 88

- G380 Disables a rigid threading cycle .................................................................................................. 88

- X,Z,C Absolute command for positioning the tool in front of hole centre.< Rigid threading on front end

> 88

- R Used to set R point position (incremental value). .............................................................................. 88

- H Specifies the position of hole bottom on X- or Z-axis from point R (incremental value) .................... 88

- F Used to set thread pitch (mm). .......................................................................................................... 88

- S Used to set tool lead-in speed (min-1). ............................................................................................. 88

- D Used to set tool lead-out speed (min-1). ........................................................................................... 88

- A Specifies the command for t code, for selecting a new tool. ............................................................. 88

- M Used to activate head brake. ............................................................................................................ 88

M50 Brake of head or head 1. ................................................................................................................ 88

M250 Brake of head 2. ........................................................................................................................... 88

- T Used to set threading direction. ......................................................................................................... 88

T1 Direction according to X-axis (threaded radial). ................................................................................. 88



- Transmission ratio powered tool holder ................................................................................................ 88

E Tool holder input speed ....................................................................................................................... 88

Q Tool holder output speed. ................................................................................................................... 88

1- For a threading cycle, axis and head override will be set to 100%. .................................................... 89


2- Dry Run function is not available when a threading cycle is being executed. ..................................... 89

3- Ensure that powered tool and head are stopped prior to executing a threading cycle. ....................... 89

4- As axes and tool are synchonised, using a floating tap will not be required. ...................................... 89

5- Powered tool speed will be limited when using a rigid threading cycle. .............................................. 89

For subsequent calls, only a single coordinate value is possible. X or Z or C. ........................................ 89

7- G384 function is programmed in all blocks requiring a rigid threading cycle. H, R, F, S, D, M, Q, E, A

and T values must not be entered in the second block in which a rigid threading cycle is programmed, as

well as in all subsequent blocks. Only the position at which a threading operation is to be carried out

must be entered. .................................................................................................................................... 89

8- H argument is the distance from R point to hole bottom. .................................................................... 89

9- Entering the number of repeats for a rigid threading cycle is not permitted. ....................................... 89

10- A rigid threading cycle enabled with G384 must be disabled with G380. .......................................... 89

If another fixed cycle is entered without previously disabling a rigid threading cycle, an alarm message

(No. 3011) will be displayed. Indexing the turret with a T command during a rigid threading cycle is not

permitted. ................................................................................................................................................ 89

If another fixed cycle is specified without previously cancelling the rigid threading cycle, a collision

between tool and workpiece may occur. .................................................................................................. 89

11- During a rigid threading cycle, turret indexing by means of command T is carried out when starting

the cycle and before positioning the axes. ............................................................................................... 89

12- If no D value is specified, tool lead-in and lead-out speed will be that specified for S. ...................... 89

13- If neither M50 nor M250 is specified, there will be no head braking. ................................................ 89

14- T3 value must be only specified for machins equipped with a sub-head (S). This value must not be

used to perform a front threading operation on a workpiece located on the sub-head. ........................... 89

15- Commnad M250 will be only valid if a T3 value is specified. ............................................................ 89

16- If any cycle argument is erroneous, the following alarm message will be displayed: ........................ 89

Power tool is stopped ............................................................................................................................. 90

When moving from initial point to R point, powered tool rotation is stopped. .......................................... 90

G00 X200.0 Z100.0 M05; Powered tool is stopped. ............................................................................... 91

M81; C-axis is disabled. ......................................................................................................................... 91

G99 (G95); Advance per revolution. ....................................................................................................... 91

The G100 command can be used only with the programmable tailstock specification machine. ............ 91


G100 Z_ or G100 I1; .............................................................................................................................. 91

G100 …. Calls the tailstock connect joint mode ..................................................................................... 91

Z ……… Specifies the distance between the chuck face and the tailstock. ............................................ 91

I1 ……… Specifies moving the tailstock to the parking position. ............................................................ 91

1/ Specify the G100 command independently in a block without other commands. ............................... 91

2/ Specify the coordinate value of the tailstock positioning point (Z) in mm. ........................................... 91

3/ For address Z, specify a numeric value with a decimal point. ............................................................. 91

4/ In order to get the tailstock out from the parking position the G100Z_ command should be

commanded. ........................................................................................................................................... 91

To execute the G100 command, the following conditions must be satisfied: .......................................... 91

The main spindle or the rotary tool spindle is stopped. ........................................................................... 91

The turret head index has completed. .................................................................................................... 91

The tailstock spindle is in the IN position. ............................................................................................... 91

During setup operation, it is recommended to record the position(s) where the tailstock should be

positioned and the position where the tailstock should be returned after the completion of machining.

The coordinate values must be specified in the machine coordinate system. ......................................... 91

The G101 command can be used only with the programmable tailstock specification machine. ............ 93

G101; 93

G101 …. Calls the tailstock connect joint mode ..................................................................................... 93

1/ Specify the G101 command independently in a block without other commands. ............................... 93

To execute the G101 command, the following conditions must be satisfied: .......................................... 93

The main spindle or the rotary tool spindle is stopped. ........................................................................... 93

The turret head index has completed. .................................................................................................... 93

The tailstock spindle is in the IN position. ............................................................................................... 93

When programing G101 to get out the tailstock from park position, the joint hole doesn’t change and the

tailstock is coupled to the 2nd hole. ......................................................................................................... 93

During setup operation, it is recommended to record the position(s) where the tailstock should be

positioned and the position where the tailstock should be returned after the completion of machining.

The coordinate values must be specified in the machine coordinate system. ......................................... 93

9. M functions made by CMZ. .................................................................................................................. 95


U/2 distance must be greater than angular runout length ( r ). Refer to bottom left figure. ..................... 95

95

M23; ............ Used for angular runout. ................................................................................................... 95

M24; ............ Used for straight runout (disables angular runout). ........................................................... 95

As shown in the figure, r distance is programmed by means of parameter 5130. Runout angle will be

45º. 95

M33, M34 and M36 commands are only used on machines equipped with a sub-head (S). .................. 96

M33; ............ Speed synchronisation. ..................................................................................................... 96

M34; ............ Phase and speed synchronisation. ................................................................................... 96

M36; ............ Synchronisation mode disabled. ....................................................................................... 96

1- For transferring a workpiece from main head to sub-head, head and sub-head speed must be

synchronised by means of M33 command. If the workpiece is transferred without activating the

synchronisation mode, scratching of workpiece could result. .................................................................. 96

2- For transferring an hexagonal bar, head and sub-head phase and speed must be synchronised by

means of M34 command, as otherwise the transfer operation will not be possible. ................................ 96

3- M36 function should be only programmed after completing a cutting cycle or when chucks on main

head and sub-head are open. ................................................................................................................. 96

4- If a M34 function is programmed with sub-head jaws closed, alarm message FM 102 will be

displayed. ................................................................................................................................................ 96

5- M5 function must not be programmed when phase and/or speed synchronisation mode is activated.

M5 function will disable the synchronisation mode. ................................................................................. 96

M34 function can de also used for round parts, but considering that phase (and speed) synchronisation

time is longer and speed synchronisation time, using M33 function is recommended when machining

round parts. ............................................................................................................................................. 96

Machining program. ................................................................................................................................ 97

G97 S1000 M03; Main head rotates at 1000 min-1. ............................................................................... 97

M34; Phase and speed synchronisation. ................................................................................................ 97

After synchronising the phases, head and sub-head speed is synchronised to 1000 min-1. .................. 97

M211; Sub-head jaws are opened. ......................................................................................................... 97

During the synchronisation, heads can be rotated with jaws open. ......................................................... 97

G53 B-_; Sub-head is moved to limit point on B-axis (machine co-ordinates) ........................................ 97


G98 G01 B-_F1000; Sub-head is approached to workpiece at a speed of 1000 mm/min ...................... 97

G38 J_K_F_Q_; Workpiece push is detected. ....................................................................................... 97

Includes clamping of workpiece on sub-head. ........................................................................................ 97


Machining program). .............................................................................................................................. 97

M36; Synchronisation mode is disabled ................................................................................................. 97

Sub-head is stopped while main head continues rotating at programmed speed. .................................. 97

G28 B0; Sub-head is returned to reference point on B-axis. .................................................................. 97


G97 S1000 M03; Main head rotates at 1000 min-1. ............................................................................... 98

M33; Speed synchronisation. ................................................................................................................. 98

Head and sub-head speed is synchronised to 1000 min-1. .................................................................... 98

M211; Sub-head jaws are opened. ......................................................................................................... 98

During the synchronisation, heads can rotate with jaws open. ............................................................... 98

G53 B-_; Sub-head is moved to limit point in B-axis (machine co-ordinates) ......................................... 98

G98 G01 B-_F1000; Sub-head is approached to workpiece at 1000 mm/min ........................................ 98

G38 J_K_F_Q_; Workpiece push is detected. ....................................................................................... 98

Includes clamping of workpiece on sub-head. ........................................................................................ 98



M36; Synchronisation mode is disabled ................................................................................................. 98

Sub-head is stopped while main head continues rotating at programmed speed. .................................. 98

G28 B0; Sub-head is returned to reference point on B-axis ................................................................... 98

M310; Automatic selection of main spindle windings. ............................................................................. 99

M311; Star-winding selection in main spindle. ....................................................................................... 99

M312; Delta-winding selection in main spindle. ..................................................................................... 99

M320; Automatic selection of windongs in subspindle. ........................................................................... 99

M321; Star-winding selection in subspindle. .......................................................................................... 99

M322; Delta-winding selection in subspindle. ........................................................................................ 99


1.- In machines without subspindle no execution of M320, M321 or M322 is executed. ......................... 99

M40; ............ Detection of cut workpiece. ............................................................................................... 99

1.- M40 function can be only used on machines equipped with a sub-head (S). .................................... 99

2.- If the cutting cycle is not completed after executing a M40 function, the two heads are stopped and

alarm message FM41 (Cutting cycle not completed) displayed. .............................................................. 99

3.- If a M40 function is executed with head synchronisation mode activated, the head with the rotation is

initiated (M3, M4, M203, M204) will rotate at programmed speed. The other head will be stopped. ........ 99

4.- Even though a M40 function disables head synchronisation, the operation synchronisation mode is

not disabled. Always enter a M36 function after entering a M40 function in the program. ....................... 99

Machining program ............................................................................................................................... 100

G97 S1000 M03; Main head rotates at 1000 min-1 .............................................................................. 100

M33; Speed synchronised in both heads. ............................................................................................. 100

Workpiece transfer ............................................................................................................................... 100

G99 G00 X42.0 M08; Advance per revolution ...................................................................................... 100

G01 X-06 F0.08; Cutting cycle. Workpiece cut to X-0.6 at a feed speed of 0.08 mm/sec. ................... 100

M40; Detection of cut workpiece ........................................................................................................... 100

Main head rotates at 1000 min-1 and sub-head is stopped. ................................................................. 100

M36; Head synchronisation mode is disabled ....................................................................................... 100

G28 B0; Sub-head is returned to reference point on B-axis. ................................................................ 100

M73; ............ Workpiece COLLECTION. .............................................................................................. 101

(Workpiece collector IN) ..................................................................................................................... 101

M74; ............ Workpiece EJECTION. ................................................................................................... 101

(Workpiece collector OUT) ................................................................................................................. 101

1.- On machines equipped with a sub-head (S), don not enter a M73 function in the program if there is

any risk of collision with sub-head body. ................................................................................................ 101

2.- On machines equipped with a sub-head (S), B-axis displacement is not permitted when workpiece

collector is in collection position. ............................................................................................................ 101

Machining program. .............................................................................................................................. 102

M05: Sub-head is stopped .................................................................................................................... 102

G53 B_; Sub-head is moved to the position at which the workpiece is collected by workpiece collector.


102

Workpiece collector operates independently from turret position. ........................................................ 102

B-axis co-ordinate value will be the position at which the workpiece is released from the sub-head

without causing any interference with workpiece collector, turret, etc. ................................................... 102

M73; Workpiece collector is moved to collection position. .................................................................... 102

M211; Workpiece released from sub-head. .......................................................................................... 102

G04 U_; Time delay. ............................................................................................................................. 102

G28 B0; B-axis is moved to reference point. ........................................................................................ 102

M74; Workpiece collector is moved to ejection position. ...................................................................... 102

M254; Sub-head jaws are blown with air. ............................................................................................. 102

G04 U_; Time delay. ............................................................................................................................. 102

M259; Jaw blowing is deactivated. ....................................................................................................... 102

M432; .............Workpiece collection cycle. ........................................................................................... 105

1.- Commands M210 and M211 (open and close sub-head jaws respectively) cannot be executed when

a workpiece collection cycle is being executed. ..................................................................................... 105

2.- The following operations, if programmed when a workpiece collection cycle is activated, will be

executed at the end of workpiece collection cycle: ................................................................................ 105

- B-axis displacement ........................................................................................................................... 105

- Head phase synchronisation (M34) .................................................................................................... 105

- Head speed synchronisation (M33) .................................................................................................... 105

- Manual door opening (M30) ............................................................................................................... 105

- Automatic door opening (M70) ........................................................................................................... 105

- Sub-head rotation (M203/M204) ......................................................................................................... 105

- Sub-head orientation (M219) .............................................................................................................. 105

- Sub-head jaws blowing (M254) .......................................................................................................... 105

3.- Programming a M432 will not be permitted in there is any interference of B-axis with workpiece

collector. ................................................................................................................................................ 105

4.- If a M432 is programmed in a block together with a displacement of B-axis, workpiece collection

cycle will be executed after the required B-axis displacement is completed. ......................................... 105

Machining program ............................................................................................................................... 106


M05: Sub-head is stopped .................................................................................................................... 106

G53 B_; Sub-head is moved to the position at which workpiece collector collects the workpiece. ....... 106

Workpiece collector operates independently from turret position. ........................................................ 106

B-axis co-ordinate value will be the position on B-axis at which the workpiece is released from the sub-

head, without causing any interference with workpiece collector, turret, etc. ......................................... 106

M432; Workpiece collection cycle ........................................................................................................ 106

The sub-head is stopped. ..................................................................................................................... 106

M11; Open jaws on main head. ............................................................................................................ 106

G04 U_; Time delay to allow properly opening main head jaws. ........................................................... 106

M62; Bar feed (push) ............................................................................................................................ 106

M10; Clamp workpiece on main head. ................................................................................................. 106

G04 U_; Time delay to allow properly clamping a new workpiece on main head. ................................. 106

(Machining operation on main head) .................................................................................................... 106

M454; .............Bar unloader, formards command ................................................................................ 106

M455; .............Bar unloader, backwards command ............................................................................. 106

M472; .............Bar unloader, command for unloading start. ................................................................. 106

M473; .............Bar unloader, command for end of unloading ............................................................... 106

M200................................ Start chip conveyor. .................................................................................... 107

M201................................ Stop chip conveyor. ..................................................................................... 107

If a rear chip conveyor is installed, M200 and M201 codes switch on and off cleaning fluid, respectively,

further to starting and stopping the chip conveyor. ................................................................................ 107

In this case, chip conveyor operation time entered on parameter screen does not affect cleaning fluid

pump operation. .................................................................................................................................... 107

TBI 520 machines can be provided with a second coolant pump. This pump is started and stopped,

while on automatic mode, by means of codes M18 and M17, respectively. If a M9 code is programmed,

both coolant pumps are stopped. .......................................................................................................... 107

This pump is optional for TBI520 machines. ......................................................................................... 107

A cleaning pump is always provided on TL machines equipped with rear chip conveyor or B-axis. ..... 108

Operation of cleaning pump will be only possible with machine door closed. ...................................... 108

This option is only available for TL machines. ...................................................................................... 108


Through-coolant supply will be only activated with machine door closed. ............................................. 108

The coolant gun is an option available for all machines. ....................................................................... 108

10. PROGRAMMING C-AXIS AND POWERED TOOL. ....................................................................... 109

Commands M80, M280, M81 and M281 can be only used on machines of M type Commands M280 and

M281 can be only used on machines of SM type. ................................................................................ 109

By programming command M80, M280 on automatic mode or MDI mode, head1 or head2 can be

indexed to the required angular position in order to drill holes on the circular contour of the workpiece or

on the end face. ..................................................................................................................................... 109

On mode M80 or M280, head rotation can be controlled synchronically with tool movement in order to

cut grooves or slots. .............................................................................................................................. 109

M80; ............. C-axis mode is activated on head1. .............................................................................. 110

M280; ........... C-axis mode is activated on head2. ............................................................................... 110

M81; ............. C-axis mode is deactivated on main head or on head1. ................................................ 110

M281; ........... C-axis mode is deactivated on head2. ........................................................................... 110

1- Stop the head (head1 and/or head2) by entering the command M05 (head1) or M205 (head2) before

entering commands M80, M280. If any of the last parameters is entered with head1 or head2 rotating,

the machine will be stopped and an alarm message (FM024) will be shown on the display. ................. 110

2- Before entering command M81 or M281, the powered tool must be stopped by entering command

M05 or M85. If any of these commands is entered when the powered tool is rotating, the machine will be

stopped and the alarm message (FM025) will de shown on the display. ............................................... 110

3- For machines of SMC series, deactivating C-axis function will not be necessary when changing this

function from a head to the other head by means of M80 or M280. ....................................................... 110

4- For machines of SMC series, head1 or head2 will operate on C-axis mode when entering M80 or

M280 respectively. To deactivate C-axis function on either head, only enter command M81 or M281

respectively, in case of each head. ........................................................................................................ 110

5- For machines of SMC series, if machining operations are to be carried out with head2, C-axis must be

returned to its “zero reference point” after completing the machining operations with head1. ............... 110

Commands M480 and M481 can be only used on machines of SMC series. ....................................... 111

M480; ........... C-axis mode is activated on both heads, head1 and head2. .......................................... 111

M481; ........... C-axis mode is deactivated on both heads, head1 and head2. ...................................... 111

111

When C-axes on both heads are coupled, activating the hydraulic brake to lock head1 (M50) will only be


permitted. Considering that this function is used to machine workpieces clamped on both heads, locking

both heads will not be required. ............................................................................................................ 111

1- Stop head, head1 or head2 by entering M05 (head1) and/or head2 by entering M205 before entering

command M480. If the last command in entered when the head1 or head2 is rotating, the machine will

be stopped and the alarm message (FM024) will be shown on the display. .......................................... 111

2- Before entering command M481 you will need to stop the powered tool by entering M05 or M85

command. If command M481 is programmed when the powered tool is running, the machine will be

stopped and the alarm message (FM025) will be shown on the display. ............................................... 111

3- For machines of SMC series, when a command M480 is entered both heads, head1 and head2 will

operate in C-axis mode. To rotate the heads, C-axis must be deactivated by means of M81 or M281

respectively, or by means of M481. ....................................................................................................... 111

Commands M380 and M381 are only used on machines of SMC series provided with SUPERCAP tool.

112

M380; ........... C-axis mode is activated by means SuperCap. ............................................................. 112

M381; ........... C-axis mode is activated by means SuperCap. ............................................................. 112

M303; ........... When SuperCap is used, activates C-axis for head1 after enabling C-axis mode by

means of M380. ..................................................................................................................................... 112

M304; ........... When SuperCap is used, activates C-axis for head2 after enabling C-axis mode by

means of M380. ..................................................................................................................................... 112

For machines of SMC series, chuck locking function is only valid for the head for which the last M

function is entered, and provided that more than one M303 (activation of C-axis for head1), M304

(activation of C-axis for head2), M50 (head brake for head1), or M250 (head brake for head2), is entered

in a single block. Therefore, the machining process must be carried out with the head corresponding to

the M code entered in the program. If the machining operation is carried out with the other head, the

powered tool will not be stopped, irrespective the jaws are open or not, so the workpiece could fall down

or be thrown away the chuck, causing personal injures or damages to the machine. ........................... 112

1- For machines of SMC series, head1 or head2 will operate in C-axis mode if command M303 or M304,

respectively, is entered in the program. To rotate head1 or head2, C-axis mode is disabled on head1

and head2 by entering the command M381. ......................................................................................... 112

2- For machines of SMC series, after using main head, C-axis must be returned to zero position before

changing to the subhead, after using the main head. ............................................................................ 112

Numbers in brackets indicate the order in which holes are drilled. ....................................................... 113

Numbers in brackets indicate the order in which holes are drilled. ....................................................... 114

This operation will be performed in two passes. ................................................................................... 116


This tapping operation is only performed on machines equipped with powered tool. ........................... 120

This example describes a rigid tapping operation for three holes spaced 120º. ................................... 120

The approach operation is only an example. The programmer is responsible for entering correct values.

121

This tapping operation is only performed on machines equipped with powered tool. ........................... 122

This example describes a rigid tapping operation for two holes spaced 180º. ...................................... 122

Milling radius compensation must be always used in this type of programs. ........................................ 123

In this case we are using a milling cutter of diameter 10. ..................................................................... 123

Therefore, on the correction table, enter Radius = 5 and Tool type = 9. ............................................... 123

Tool selection and approach to start point operations are omitted and they must be determined by the

programmer. .......................................................................................................................................... 124

Approach operation is omitted. The programmer is responsible for entering correct values. ............... 125

11. FUNCTIONS TO SHORTEN CYCLE TIME ..................................................................................... 126

Those functions which require to be executed that a function in the same block will be previously

executed must not be entered in the same block. ................................................................................. 127

For instance, neither “M80 M83” nor “M81 M85” must be entered in the same block, as M83 and M85

require that M80 and M81 respectively will be previously executed. ...................................................... 127

Do not enter “M70 M30”, but “M30 M70” (cycle end and door opening). .............................................. 127

12. OTHER PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES ........................................................................................... 129


129

130


130

In this example the machining operations include facing, axial drilling and .......................................... 131

cutting plus cylindrical grooving. .......................................................................................................... 131

131

N270 G0 G40 X200 Z150 M30 ............................................................................................................. 131

In this case, all roughing cycles will not permit tool compensation. The approach operation is omitted, as

the programmer depending of tool used should determine it. ................................................................ 132

132

Z+

X+

X-

Z- B- B+


1. BASIC CONCEPTS

1.1 Machine axes

Refer to operation manual for further information on this subject, chapter B, point 3: SELECTING THE COORDINATE SYSTEM

1.1.1 X axis, Z axis

X-, Z- and B-axis and their respective positive and negative displacement directions are shown on the above schematic diagram.

As you can see, when workpiece zero reference point is located on workpiece end (most common case), the positive direction is outside the workpiece, while the negative direction is on the workpiece area to be machined (inside the workpiece).

Commonly, you will operate in the quadrant defined by X+ and Z-.

The machine will enter only in X- area for facing operations.

You may also operate X+ Z+ quadrant when the workpiece is clamped on the subhead.

C+C-


1.1.2 C-axis

C-axis would be used to swivel the head in order to position the workpiece for drilling operations using a powered tool.

C+ is in clockwise direction and C- is counterclockwise direction.

If the machine is provided with a subhead, C1 would be for the main head and C2 for the subhead.

1.1.3 Other axes that could be encountered when programming the machine are

A: powered tool rotating axis.

B: displacement axis used to approach the subhead to main head or move it away.

F: feed axis (related to slides) to be programmed when in operation.In millimetres x per revolution when the head is rotating (turning)For example:G99 F0.3 this means “03 millimetres per revolution”.

In millimetres per minute when the head is stopped (MC).For example:G98 F80 this means “80 millimetres per minute”

T: is turret rotation.

R: is radius programming.

S: are head revolutions (cutting speed) This letter is always related to heads.G50 S1000 Rpm limit.G97 S1000 fixed rpm (for tapping and drilling).G96 S200 cutting speed (m/min) for all turning operations.

Cutting speed formula:

Vc= Cutting speedD= Part standard diametern= Rpm limit.

,C: bevel programming.

,A: angle programming.

As you can see, two variants are available “,C” and “,A” with a leading comma to differentiate them from C- and A-axis

Dn

1000Vc=

Vc1000

Dn=


1.2 Tool offset

The correction value is the protruding length of tool end from the zero reference of turret disc.

The required correction values must be entered each time tool position is changed with respect to the aforementioned position; if tool position is not changed, entering a correction value will not be necessary as these values are stored in the memory.

New correction values must be entered when the tool is moved because of a hit

1.2.1 Entering correction values

There are two ways for entering tool correction values.

1st.) supplied with presetter.

For machines with presetter, place the presetter in position and preset the tool.

Refer to operation manual for further information on this subject, chapter B, point 4: OPERATION PROCEDURE FOR MANUAL TOOL PRESETTER INTEGRATED IN THE MACHINE

2nd.) supplied without presetter.

For machines without presetter, turn the workpiece and retract the tool without moving it out the axis. Then measure the workpiece and enter the readings in the geometry table.To enter a value, go to the geometry table (correction value), enter the required value and press the intermediate key; by this way the control unit will calculate the correction value.

When a tool is placed on the subhead (the case may be in which double toolholders are used for the head and the subhead) keep in mind that correction values are ? 21, that is, for position 1 the correction value will be 21, for position 2, 22, and so on.

1.3 Workpiece zero reference point

Workpiece zero is the workpiece protruding length from main chuck face.

It can be also placed in other location, even though it is advised not to do it, as following up and verifying the program would much more difficult and you should continuously calculate the difference between this position and workpiece end.

We advise you to enter workpiece zero at the beginning of the program.


<Standard for machines with sub-head>

In the following example we explain how a value of 80 is entered for the first stage (machining the workpiece on the head), while a value of 460 is entered for the second stage (machining the workpiece on the subhead).

How preparing the machine for machining operations with transfer:

1st Determine workpiece zero and carry out the 1st machining stage.2nd Stop the machine and verify the dimension before doing the transfer.3nd Do the transfer and place the subhead in working position.4nd Stop the machine and determine workpiece zero before performing the 2nd

machining stage.

Zero 1st phase G10 P0 Z-80

Zero 2nd phase G10 P0 Z-460


1.4 FacingO0001;N10 G10 P0 Z-103;N20 T101 (FACING);N30 G50 S2000 (LIMIT R.P.M.);N40 G96 G99 S200 F.25 M4 M200 M8 (CUTTING CONDITIONS, CHIP CONVEYOR AND COOLANT ACTIVATION);N50 G0 X45 Z0 (APROXIMATION)N60 G1 X-2;N70 G0 X150 Z150;N80 M30;

O0001;

N10 G10 P0 Z-103;

N20 T101 (STARTING WITH FACING);

N30 G50 S2000 (LIMIT R.P.M.);

N40 G96 G99 S200 F.25 M4 M200 M8 CUTTING CONDITIONS,

CHIP CONVEYOR AND COOLANT ON;

N50 G0 X45 Z0 (APPROACH);

N60 G1 X-2;

N70 G0 X150 Z150;

N80 M30;

Program number Data input Workpiece zero -103

Position the turret on tool 1 with correction

value 01

Comment

Limit to 2000 r.p.m.

Cutting speed (Vc=200 m/min)

Feed (mm/revolution)

Entering the feed per revolution

Chip conveyor running

Entering head speed in m/min

Coolant supply on

Head rotation in clockwise direction

Positioning the tool on X45 Z0, that is, 5 mm above the workpiece

Line number Facing up to X-2, that is, crossing 2 mm below the axis

Retraction at quick speed to X150 Z150, that is, at 150 mm on both axes.

End and rewinding of program

BBD 210


In this manual we will always refer to codes G type A. Refer to Fanuc programming manual for further information on G codes.

Comment:These are notes included in the program.These notes are totally optional, and it is up to the programmer to enter them or not.These notes will be always placed in brackets () in order to prevent the program reading them.

T101Here is shown that the tool to be used is in position 1 and a correction value of 01 is applied.T0101 could be also entered, as the four mandatory characters are present, however, the first zero is optional.

Head rotation direction:M3 head rotation directionM4 head rotation direction reverse or clockwise.

M4 M200 M8As seen in this example, up to 3 M codes can be programmed on each line.It is always advisable to switch chip conveyor and coolant on at the start of the program, excepting for special cases.

G0 X150 Z150Note that tool retraction in this example is to 150 mm on X+ and 150 mm on Z+ from workpiece zero, and not from chuck face, as no order for changing the position is given to workpiece zero, which in this example is maintained in the previous position.

Line number (N10, N20...)Line numbers are optional, and can be either entered or not.It is advisable to enter line numbers with a margin, such as 10, 20 …, as you can then enter intermediate operations without requiring changing all line numbers (10, 12, 13, 20...).

G96 G99 S200 F.25As you can see, G codes are first placed and then S and F codes. Codes can be also entered in the following manner: G96 S200 G99 F.25Entering codes such as G96 and G50 in the same line is not permitted.


1.5 Taper turning

O0002; Name of the programN10 G10 P0 Z-78; Part-zero at –78N20 T101; Tool chosing (pos. 01 and offset 01)N30 G50 S1500; Spindle turning limit: 1500 rpmN40 G96 G99 S200 F.25 M4 M8 M200; Cutting speed (m/min), Feedrate (mm/rev),

clockwise sense, Coolant, Chip conveyorN50 G0 X52.5 Z2; Fast feedrate to point X52.5 Z2N60 G1 Z-19.9; Machine and go to Z-19.9 (First pass)N70 G0 X55 Z2; Fast feedrate to X55 Z2N80 X45; Fast feedrate until the beginning of cone in X45 Z2N90 G1 Z0; Machining feedrate to X45 Z0N100 X52 Z-20 F.2; Machine the cone to X52 Z-20 (Second pass)N110 X61; Machine to X61 Z-20 N120 G0 X200 Z200; Fast backwards to 200mm in both axesN130 M30; End of programm and back to he beginning

In this example you can see that the first pass (N10 to N50) is carried out letting part of the machining operation for de second pass (N60 to N120).

You can also see that for taper turning entering the start point and the end point will not be necessary, and the angle between these two points will be machined.

Pass

Pass

BBD 210


1.6 Inside turning:

O0003;N10 G10 P0 Z-85; Part zero at -85N20 T606; Tool 06 offset 06N30 G50 S2000; Turning speed limit: 2000 r.p.m.N40 G96 G99 S180 F.2 M4 M8 M200; Cutting speed =180 mm/rev, feedrate 0.2 mm/rev,

clockwise senseN50 G0 X44 Z2; Move Z2 axis to the height of the beve 2x45ºN60 G1 Z0; Move forwards machining to Z0N70 X40 Z-2 F.15; Machine the bevel with feedrate 0.15 mm/revN80 Z-40 F.2; Machine the inside at ø40 with federate 0.2 mm/revN90 X35; Face the inside until ø35N100 G0 Z5; Fast feedrate to Z5N110 X200 Z100; Move backwards to X200 Z100N120 M30; End and back to de beginning

In this example the part would have a ø35 hole.

BBD 210


1.7 Radii

O0004;N10 G10 P0 Z-110;N20 T303;N30 G50 S2500;N40 G96 S220 G99 F.2 M4 M8 M200;N50 G0 X30 Z2;N60 G1 Z-22; Machine to ø30 and Z-22N70 G2 X40 Z-27 R5 (CLOCKWISE SENSE); Radio 5 clockwise to X40 Z-27N80 G1 X55; Face to X55N90 G3 X80 Z-57 R80 (COUNTERCLOCKWISE); Radio 80 counterclockwise to X80 Z-57N100 G1 Z-62; Machine to Z-60N110 X86; Face to X86N120 G0 X150 Z150 M30;

In this example we consider that the part is rough machined.

As seen in this example, G2 is used to machine radii in clockwise direction and G3 in counterclockwise direction.You can also see that G2 or G3 is first entered, then the end point, and finally the radius,

G2 G3BBD 210


1.8 Cylindrical interpolation

O0005;N10 G10 P0 Z-165;N20 T404;N30 G50 S2000;N40 G96 S200 G99 F.2 M4 M8 M200;N50 G0 X69.282 Z2; Fast feedrate to X69.292 Z2N60 G1 Z-20; Machining to Z-20N70 G3 X69.282 Z-60 R40; Machine at radio 40 until point X69.282

Z-60 counterclockwise senseN80 G2 X69.282 Z-100 R40; Machine at radio 40 until point X69.282

Z-100 clockwiseN90 G1 Z-105; Machining to Z-105N100 G0 X150;N110 Z10N120 M30;

As you can see, for the interpolation, you must know the point from which this interpolation will take place in order to change radius direction (in this example on point X69.282 Z-60).

BBD 210


1.9 Incremental commands (U, W, H) only for FANUC

O0006;N10 G10 P0 Z-96:N20 T505;N30 G96 G99 S120 F.1 M4 M8 M200;N40 G0 X78 Z-20; Fast feedrate to X78 Z-20N50 G1 X65; Grooving to ø65N60 G4 X1 (TEMPORIZACION 1 SEGUNDO); Timming (stop tool 1 sec X1=P1000)N70 G0 X78; Fast feedrate to X78N80 W-10 (INCREMENTAL); Increment –10 en el eje Z (W=Z)N90 G1 U-7; Increment –7 en el eje X (U=X)N100 G4 X1; TimmingN110 G0 U7; Fast feedrate 7 in axis X (U=X)N120 W-15; Increment –15 en eje Z (W=Z)N130 G1 U-9; Groove until –9 in axis X (ø69)N140 G4 X1; TimmingN150 G0 U9; Fast feedrate 9 in axis X (ø78)N160 X200 Z200;N170 M30;

In this example, slots of de ø65, ø71 and ø69 are to be machined. For this, tool T5 will be used.The references are: U for X-axis (U-command also on ø to)

W for the Y-axisH for the C-axis

Time delays are entered each time a slot is machined in order to stop the tool for a given time and then properly complete the machining operation.

BBD 210


1.10 Example for operation

Tools:T1= Outside and facing.T2= ø15 twist drill. T3= Inside.

O0007;N10 G10 P0 Z-74;N20 T101 (EXTERNAL); Tool 1N30 G50 S2500;N40 G96 S220 G99 F.25 M4 M8 M200; Clockwise turningN50 G0 X35 Z0;N60 G1 X-2;N70 G0 X26 Z2;N80 G1 Z0;N90 X28 Z-1 F.2;N100 Z-18 F.25;N110 X32;N120 G0 X150 Z200 M5; Remove axes and stop spindleN130 T202 (BROCA DE 15); Tool 2N140 G97 S600 G99 F.15 M3; Fixed turn. speeds, Count.clockwiseN150 G0 X0 Z3;N160 G1 Z-47;N170 G0 Z100 M5; Remove axes and spindle stopN180 T303 (INTERIOR); Tool 3N190 G96 S150 G99 F.25 M4; Clockwise turningN200 G0 X22 Z3;N210 G1 Z0;N220 X20 Z-1 F.15;N230 Z-13 F.2;N240 X15 Z-20 F.15;N250 G0 Z5;N260 X200 Z150 M30;

To go from M3 to M4, first enter M5 to stop the head.

BBD 210

Ext

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2. G FUNCTIONS

G functions used in machining programs are described in this section.

This section describes G codes more commonly used. Refer to CNC unit manual supplied by the manufacturer for G codes not included in this section.

2.1 List of G codes

Also called preparatory functions, G codes consist of a G address followed by a numerical value which defines a machining mode or an axis displacement within a program block. The CNC unit will control the specified G code.

G codes are classified into two types:

Type Description

Non-modal G code(Group 00, excepting G10 and G11)

The G code is valid within the block in which it was programmed

Modal G code(Groups other than 00)

The G code will remain valid until another G code of the same group is programmed.

For instance, G00 and G01 are modal G codes, as they pertain to a group other than 00.

G01 X_Z_;X_; G01 is valid within this rangeZ_;G00 X_Z_;

1- More than one G code may be programmed in a block, provided they are from different groups.

2.- If more than one G code in a group is programmed in a block, only the last programmed G code will be executed.

3.- If a G code not specified in the list of G codes or a G code related to a function not available in the machine is programmed, alarm message no. 010 will be displayed.

4.- G codes marked with % are activated by default when CNC is started or RESET key pressed.


2.1.1 TL, TB, TBI models

*1: Standard machines with automatic tailstock (T).*2: Standard for machines with powered tool*3: Optional for machines with sub-head (S).*4: Standard for machines with sub-head (S).*5: Optional for machines with powered tool.

) = Standard, + = Optional, x = Not available

G CodeGroup Function Remarks

A B C% G00 G00 G00

01

Positioning (fast feedrate) )

G01 G01 G01 Linear interpolation (machining feed) )

G02 G02 G02 Circular clockqwise or helical interpolation (clockwise)

)

G03 G03 G03 Circular counterclockwise or helical interpolation (counterclockwise)

)

G04 G04 G04 00 Time delay )G07.1(G107)

G07.1(G107)

G07.1(G107)

00

Cylindrical interpolation x2

% G10 G10 G10 Programmable data input )

G11 G11 G11 Programmable data input disabled )G12.1(G112)

G12.1(G112)

G12.1(G112) 21

Interpolation mode in polar coordinates x2

% G13.1(G113)

G13.1(G113)

G13.1(G113)

Interpolation mode in polar coordinates disabled x2

G17 G17 G17

16

Xp-Yp plane selection )

% G18 G18 G18 Zp-Xp plane selection )

G19 G19 G19 Yp-Zp plane selection )

G20 G20 G7006

Input in inches +

G21 G21 G71 Input in mm +

% G22 G22 G2209

Verify traverse limit stored in the memory. Function enabled

+

G23 G23 G23 Verify traverse limit stored in the memory. Function disabled

+

G27 G27 G27

00

Go to reference point verification )

G28 G28 G28 Go to reference point )

G30 G30 G30 Go to second, third and fourth reference point

+

G31 G31 G31 Skip function )



A B C

G32 G33 G3301

Threading )

G34 G34 G34 Variable pitch threading )

% G40 G40 G40

07

Disable tool insert radius compensation )

G41 G41 G41 Tool insert radius leftward compensation

)

G42 G42 G42 Tool insert radius rightward compensation

)

G50 G92 G9200

Selection of co-ordinate system or selection of maximum spindle speed

)

G38 G38 G38 Workpiece transfer cycle x4

% G50.2(G250)

G50.2(G250)

G50.2(250) 20

Polygonal turning. Disable x5

G51.2(G251)

G51.2(G251)

G51.2(G251) Polygonal turning x5

G52 G52 G5200

Defining local co-ordinate system +G53 G53 G53 Defining machine co-ordinate system +

% G54 G54 G54

14

Selection of workpiece co-ordinate system (1 co-ordinate)

+

G55 G55 G55 Selection of workpiece co-ordinate system (2 co-ordinates)

+


+


+


+

G59 G59 G59 Selection of workpiece coordinate system (6 co-ordinates)

+

G65 G65 G65 00 Call macro +

G66 G66 G6612

Call macro on modal mode +

% G67 G67 G67 Call macro on modal mode. Disable +

G70 G70 G72

00

Finishing cycle )

G71 G71 G73 Stock removal on turning )

G72 G72 G74 Stock removal on facing )

G73 G73 G75 Lead repetition )

G74 G74 G76 Deep drilling on end face )

G75 G75 G77 Drilling external/internal diameter )

G76 G76 G78 Multiple threading cycle )% G80 G80 G80 10 Drilling cycle. Disable +2



A B CG83 G83 G83 Drilling cycle on front face +2

G84 G84 G84 Drilling and tapping cycle on front face +2

G86 G86 G86 Boring cycle on front face +2

G87 G87 G87 Drilling cycle on a side +2

G88 G88 G88 Drilling and tapping cycle on a side +2

G89 G89 G89 Boring cycle on a side +2

G90 G77 G20

01

Machining cycle on inside/outside diameter

+

G92 G78 G21 Threading cycle +G94 G79 G24 Turning cycle on end face +G96 G96 G96

02Constant cutting rate control )

% G97 G97 G97 Constant cutting rate control. Disable )G98 G94 G94

05Advance per minute )

% G99 G95 G95 Advance per revolution )- G90 G90

03Absolute programming )

- G91 G91 Incremental programming )

- G98 G9811

Return to initial level (refer to Explanation 6)

)

- G99 G99 Return to R point level (refer to Explanation 6)

)

G138 G138 G138

00

Workpiece clamping cycle with automatic tailstock (I) x1

G238 G238 G238 Workpiece clamping cycle with automatic tailstock (II) x1

G380 G380 G380 Rigid threading cycle. Disable x2

G384 G384 G384 Rigid threading cycle X2


3. M FUNCTIONS

M functions used in machining programs are described in this section.

For M codes not included in this manual, refer to CMZ. In some machine models, other M codes for functions different to those described herein may be availbale.

3.1 List of M codes

These codes control functions complementary to those controlled by G codes. For instance, coolant supply, head rotation direction, etc.

CMZ Function Description

M000 Program stop All machine functions are unconditonally stopped

M001 Optional stop Machine functions are conditinally stopepd (OPS function activated)

M002 Program end End of program and CNC resetM003 Spindle 1 start (normal) Spindle 1 running in CW directionM004 Spindle 1 start (reverse) Spindle 1 running in CCW direction

M005 Spindle 1/spindle 2/rotary tool spindle stop

Spindle 1, spindle 2 and powered tool are stopped

M006 Turret head rotation (normal) Turret rotates in CW directionM007 Turret head rotation (reverse) Turret rotates in CW directionM008 Coolant ON Coolant 1 supply ON (Coolant 1 start key)M009 Coolant OFF All coolnat supplies stopped (1 and 2)

M010 Chuck clamp (spindle 1) Workpiece clamped by chuck/collet on spindle 1

M011 Chuck unclamp (spindle 1) Workpiece released from chuck/collet on spindle 1

M012 Chucking pressure 1 (spindle 1) Reduced pressure on spindle 1 activatedM013 Chucking pressure 2 (spindle 1) Reduced pressure on spindle 1 activatedM015 In-position check valid M016 In-position check invalid M018 Auxiliary coolant ON Auxiliary coolant supply ONM019 Spindle orientation (spindle 1) Spindle 1 is oriented (without C-axis)M020 Steady rest 1 close Steadyrest is closedM021 Steady rest 1 open Steadyrest is opened

M023 Chamfering ON Tool lead-out at 45º (Thread end without bleeding) refer to p5130

M024 Chamfering OFF M23 disabledM025 Tailstock spindle out Tailstock quill is moved outM026 Tailstock spindle in Tailstock quill is moved inM027 Tailstock body unclamp Automatic tailstock base is unlockedM028 Tailstock body clamp Automatic tailstock base is lockedM029 Rigid tapping in spindle ON (spindle 1)M030 Program end and rewind End of program, rewinding and CNC resetCMZ Function DescriptionM033 Phase synchronous operation OFF Speed synchronised on both heads


M034 Phase synchronous operation ON Jaws and speed synchronised on the two heads

M035 Work counter/total counter Part counterM036 Syncrhonization OFF Synchronisation deactivated

M040 Cut-off detection Cutting off detection (workpiece on spindle 1) for transfer to spindle 2

M041 Workpiece pushing check ON B-axis limit activatedM042 Workpiece pushing check OFF B-axis limit deactivated

M045 Disable steadyrest opening when the spindle is turning

M047 Workpiece ejector OUT Workpiece ejector on spindle 2M048 Override cancel OFF Feed override is set to 100%M049 Override cancel ON Feed override selector switch is releasedM050 Spindle brake clamp (spindle 1) Spindle 1 and spindle 2 braking is activated

M051 Spindle brake unclamp (spindle 1, spindle 2) Spindle 1 and spindle 2 braking is deactivated

M052 Spindle low pressure brake clamp

M053 Contact sensor airo blow ON (spindle 1)

M054 Chuck air blow ON (spindle 1) Jaws on spindle 1 are blown with air

M055 Air blow sensor OFF for automatic toolsetter on machine (spindle 1)

M059 Chuck air blow OFF (spindle 1) Blowing of jaws on spindle 1 is deactivated

M060 Activate spindle and tool sincronization mode

M061 Deactivate spindle and tool sincronization mode

M062 Operation of bar feederM063 Movement detectionM065 Order for bar changeM066 Activate monitoringM067 Deactivate monitoringM070 Automatic door open Automatic door is openedM071 Automatic door close Automatic door is closed

M072 Automatic toolsetter arm in machine UP

M073 Parts catcher OUT Part collector is moved out (to collect a part)

M074 Parts catcher IN Part collector is moved in (to remove a part)

M075 X-axis mirror image OFF X-mirror function is activatedM076 X-axis mirror image ON X-mirror function is deactivatedM080 C-axis joint (spindle 1) C-axis mode is activated in spindle 1M081 C-axis release (spindle 1, spindle 2) C-axis mode is deactivated in both spindlesM083 Rotary tool spindle start (normal) Powered tool runs in CW directionM084 Rotary tool spindle start (reverse) Powered tool runs in CCW directionM085 Stop rotary tool Powered tool is stoppedM087 Piece meassurement ON (spindle 1)M088 Piece meassurement OFF (spindle 1)CMZ Function DescriptionM090 Spindle indexation at 45ºM091 Spindle indexation at 90ºM092 Spindle indexation at 180º


M096 Open chucks enabled when spindle is turning Open jaws enabled with head running

M098 Sub-program call A sub-program is called

M099 Sub-program end Repetition of program Return to either main program or program start

M125 The part is clamped with T tailstock The tailstock is moved in G1 against the part

M126 The part is unclamped with T tailstock The tailstock is moved away in G1 from the part

M200 Chip conveyor forwardsM201 Stop chip conveyorM203 Spindle 2 start (normal) Spindle 2 runs in CW directionM204 Spindle 2 start (reverse) Spindle 2 runs in CCW directionM205 Stop of spindle 2M210 Chuck clamp (spindle 2) Workpiece clamped on chuch/collet 2M211 Chuck unclamp (spindle 2) Workpiece released from chuck/collet 2M212 Chucking pressure 1 (spindle 2) Pressure reduction on spindle 2 is activatedM213 Chucking pressure 2 (spindle 2) Pressure reduction os spindle 2 is deactivatedM219 Spindle orientation (spindle 2) Spindle 2 is oriented (without C-axis)M222 Check spindle 2 emty chucksM250 Clamp spindle 2 brake Spindle 1 and spindle braking is activatedM251 Clamp spindle 2 brake pressureM252 Clamp spindle 2 low pressure

M253 Contact air blow sensor ON (subspindle)

M254 Chuck air blow ON (spindle) Jaws on head 2 are blown with air

M255 Air blow sensor OFF for automatic toolsetter in machine (subspindle)

M257 Air blow OFF (spindle 2)M258 Air blow sensor OFF (subspindle)M259 Chuck air blow OFF (spindle) Blowing of jaws on head 2 is deactivated

M260 Activate subspindle and driven tool syncronization

M261 Deactivate subspindle and driven tool syncronization

M280 C-axis joint (spindle 2) C-axis mode is activated in spindle 2

M281 Deactivate C axis (spindle 2)

M287 Meassurement of piece ON (spindle 2)

M288 Meassurement of piece OFF (spindle 2)

M301 Direct turning sense of spindle in rigid tapping (spindle 1 or 2)

M302 Reverse turning sense of spindle in rigid tapping (spindle 1 or 2)

M303 Signal to select spindle 1

M304 Signal to select spindle 2M306 Tool control from part program (A axis)CMZ Function Description

M307 Tool control from PMC (axis control PMC)

M310 Automatic selection of spindle coil in main spindle


M311 Selection of LOW coil (star) in main spindle

M312 Selection of HIGH coil (delta) in main spindle

M316 Unlock turret

M318 Unable turret turning during axis movement

M319 Turn back to tool zero

M320 Automatic selection of spindle coil in subspindle

M321 Selection of LOW coil (star) in subspindle

M322 Selection of HIGH coil (delta) in subspindle

M337 Piston keeper upM338 Piston beeper downM382 Washing coolant ONM383 Washing coolant OFFM384 Spindle 1 orientation and roof openingM387 Spindle 2 orientation and roof openingM408 Special M code outputM409 Special M code outputM410 Special M code outputM411 Special M code outputM412 Special M code outputM413 Special M code outputM414 Special M code outputM415 Special M code outputM416 Special M code outputM417 Special M code outputM418 Special M code outputM419 Special M code outputM420 Special M code outputM421 Special M code outputM422 Special M code outputM423 Special M code outputM424 Special M code outputM425 Special M code outputM426 Special M code outputM427 Special M code outputM428 Special M code outputM429 Special M code outputM430 Special M code outputM431 Special M code output

M432 Part catcher cycle Part catcher cycle (removes part from spindle 2 during another part is machined in spindle 1)

CMZ Function DescriptionM434 Pressure 1 in tailstock – highM435 Pressure 2 in tailstock – lowM438 Graphic mode axis CM440 Special M code output Client M functionM441 Special M code output Client M functionM442 Special M code output Client M function


M443 Special M code output Client M functionM444 Special M code output Client M functionM445 Special M code output Client M functionM446 Special M code output Client M functionM447 Special M code output Client M functionM448 Special M code output Client M functionM449 Special M code output Client M function

M454 Bar unloader forwards movement signal

M455 Bar unloader backwards movement signal

M456 Tailstock air blow ONM457 Tailstock air blow OFFM458 Driven tool air blow ONM459 Driven tool air blow OFFM470 Roof openingM471 Roof closing

M472Unload cycle. Stop subspindle, move unloader forwards, open check, blow check, move unloader backwards

M473 Stop of operations programmed by M472

M474 Call to robot cycle (robot command)

M478 Coolant through spindle 2 ON (Taladrina 3)

M479 Coolant through spindle 2 OFF (Coolant 3)


4. THREADING

BBD 210


O0008;N10 G10 P0 Z-95;N20 T101 (Surfacing);N30 G50 S2500;N40 G96 S200 G99 F.25 M3 M8 M200;N50 G0 X70 Z0;N60 G1 X-2;N70 G0 X57 Z1;N80 G1 Z0;N90 X59.9 Z-1.5;N100 Z-45;N110 X66;N120 G0 X150 Z100;N130 T202; (Threading);N140 G97 S700 M3; Fixed revolutions, counterclockwiseN150 G0 X60 Z2 (Start 2 times the step);N160 X59.4 (First pass); First pass to X59.4N170 G32 Z-40 F1 (F=step); Threading to Z-40 step 1N180 G0 X62;N190 Z2;N200 X58.8 (Second pass); Second pass X58.8N210 G32 Z-40 F1; Thread until Z-40 pass 1N220 G0 X62;N230 Z2;N240 X58.7 (Last pass); Last pass to X58.7N250 G32 Z-40 F1; Threading until Z-40, pass 1N260 G0 X62;N270 X200 Z200 M30;

The outside thread area will be turned to a diameter (- 0.1 mm the metric diameter) in order to prevent that thread tips can result in sharp edges.

G32 for threading operations, always operate at fixed rpm (G97).When retapping threads, do not release the workpiece, do not change the speed and do not change the start point.


5. CONTROL FIXED CYCLES

You can find here a brief explanation of machining cycles. For a detailed description, refer to section 13 of FANUC manual, part 1/2

5.1 G70 Finishing cycle

G70 P1000 Q1100P Block number from which the profile operation begins.Q Block number from which the profile operation ends.

At the end of each cycle sequence the machine is always positioned in the position at which this cycle sequence was started. The tool will be commonly located in the position used for rough machining.The profile allows changing X and Z direction.

5.2 G71 Longitudinal roughing cycle parallel to Z-axis

G71 U3 R1G71 P100 Q200 U0.3 W0.1 F0.25U Cut depth on radius (mm).R Retraction in radial direction from diameter to prevent touching the machined diameter (mm).P Block number from which the profile operation begins.Q Number of end block of profile.U Finishing allowance for radius on X-axis (mm).W Finishing allowance on Z-axis (mm).F Instantaneous feed (mm/revolution).

At the end of each cycle sequence the machine is always positioned in the position at which this cycle sequence was started.The positioning allows changing X- and Z-axis direction.If the block G71 U3 R1 is entered for the first time, it will be stored in the parameter U=P5132 and R=P5133 and will be kept until changed in either the program or the parameter.


5.3 G72 Cross roughing cycle transversal parallel to X-axis

G72 W3 R1G72 P100 Q200 U0.25 W0.1 F0.3

Same as the above one, excepting for the profile.

5.4 G73 Roughing cycle with passes parallel to profile

G73 U9 W9 R3G73 P100 Q150 U0.4 W0.1 F0.3U Stock allowance (for radius) unmachined on X-axis (mm).W Stock allowance on Z-axis (mm).R Number of roughing passes.P Block number from which the profile operation begins.Q Number of end block of profile.U Finishing allowance for radius on X-axis (mm).W Finishing allowance on Z-axis (mm).F Instantaneous feed (mm/revolution).

5.5 G74 Drilling cycle (chip breakage)

G74 R0.5G74 Z-100 Q25000 F0.25R Return distance on drilling to break chips (in mm), changes to P722.Z Final drilling depth (absolute dimensions in mm).Q Cut depth per pass (micron).WARNING: On machines with specification in tenths of micron, “Q” data must be specified in tenths of micron.F Instantaneous feed (mm/revolution).


5.6 G83 Drilling cycle (chip breakage with retraction at the start)

G0 X0 Z3G83 Z-60 Q20000 F0.2Z Final drilling depth (absolute dimensions in mm).Q Cut depth per pass (micron).WARNING: On machines with specification in tenths of micron, “Q” data must be specified in tenths of micron.F Instantaneous feed (mm/revolution).

5.7 G74 Front counterboring cycle

G74 R0.4G74 X50 Z-4 P3000 Q4000 F0.15R Retraction (mm) to break chips.X(U) End position on X-axis (mm).Z(W) End position in slot direction (mm).P Displacement on X-axis for next passes (micron).WARNING: On machines with specification in tenths of micron, “P” data must be specified in tenths of micron.Q Cutting depth (micron).WARNING: On machines with specification in tenths of micron, “Q” data must be specified in tenths of micron.F Instantaneous feed (mm/revolution).

5.8 G75 Longitudinal grooving cycle

G75 R0.2G75 X43 W-7.5 P4000 Q25000 F0.15R Retraction (mm) to break chipsX Groove bottom diameter (mm).W Groove end point on Z-axis (mm) if Z is specified in absolute dimensions and W is the displacement in incremental mode; from left-hand to right-hand (W+) and from right-hand to left-hand (W-), always subtracting tool width.P Cutting depth on X-axis (micron).WARNING: On machines with specification in tenths of micron, “P” data must be specified in tenths of micron.Q Displacement on Z-axis for next pass (micron).WARNING: On machines with specification in tenths of micron, “P” data must be specified in tenths of micron.F Instantaneous feed (mm/revolution).

IMPORTANT: Roughing cycles are without tool radius compensation. Because of this, higher allowances will be specified for X and Z depending on tool radius.


5.9 G76 Threading cycle

G76 P010060 Q30 R0.03G76 X100 Z-40 R0 P1300 Q650 F2P01 Number of finishing passes.P00 Thread runout; distance at which thread outlet is started, in tenths of turn Example: If thread pitch is 2 and 20 is entered: 2mm x 2 turns = 4 mm (thread runs out 4mm before the end point).P60 Thread angle in degreesQ Minimum pass (micron).WARNING: On machines with specification in tenths of micron, “Q” data must be specified in tenths of micron.R Finishing allowance (mm).X Thread bottom diameter (mm).Z Thread end point on Z-axis (absolute dimensions in mm).R Height difference on radius (mm) for taper threads, if start point is ø20 and end point ø20, then R-5.P Thread height (micron).WARNING: On machines with specification in tenths of micron, “Q” data must be specified in tenths of micron.Q Cut depth for first pass (micron).WARNING: On machines with specification in tenths of micron, “Q” data must be specified in tenths of micron.F Thread pich (mm).


6. EXAMPLES OF FIXED CYCLES

6.1 G71 Fixed roughing cycle

O0071;N10 G10 P0 Z-130;N20 T101 (ROUGHING);N30 G50 S2500;N40 G96 S200 G99 F.25 M3 M8 M200;N50 G0 X105 Z0;N60 G1 X-2 (SURFACING);N70 G0 X105 Z1 (STARTING POINT AND END OF FIXED CYCLE);N80 G71 U3 R1 (DEPTH OF PASS= U3mm REMOVING R1mm);N90 G71 P100 Q140 U2 W2 F0.3 (ROUGHING LETTING OFFSETS OF 2 mm IN X AND Z);N100 G0 X40 (FROM BLOCK 100 TO140 THE PROFILE IS DEFINED);N110 G1 Z-30;N120 X60 Z-60;N130 Z-80;N140 X100 Z-90;N150 G70 P100 Q140 (FINISHING CYCLE)N160 G0 X200 Z200 M5;N170 M30;


6.2 G74 and G83 fixed drilling cycles (with chip breakage)

6.2.1 G74 Drilling cycle with a short retraction for chip breakageO0009;N10 G10 P0 Z-75;N20 T808 (BORING TOOL OF 30);N30 G97 S265 M4 F0.2 M8 M200; Fixed Revolutions of 265rpm Av=0.2mm per

revolutionN40 G0 X0 Z3; We place at X0 Z3 N50 G74 R0.5; Boring with breaking (removing 0.5mm)N60 G74 Z-60 Q20000 F0.2; Bore until Z-60 depth: 20000 microns per

pass, Av=0.2mm per revolutionATTENTION: in machines with specification of “tenth of micron”, Q200000 must be set instead of Q20000

N70 G0 X200 Z100 M30;

6.2.2 G83 Fixed drilling cycle with retraction at the start for chip breakage and removal

N40 G0 X0 Z3 M8; We place at X0 Z3N50 G83 Z-60 Q20000 F0.2; Bore until Z-60, depth 20000 microns per

pass, Av=0.2mm per revolutionATTENTION: in machines with specification of “tenth of micron”, Q200000 must be set instead of Q2000000

N60 G0 G80 X200 Z100 M30; Removing and ending

For retraction at the start, the end of program will be replaced by this end of program; with cycle G83 the control retracts the drill to the start point (X0 Z3) every time, thus the retraction (R05) is not entered.

BBD 210


6.3 Fixed longitudinal grooving cycle

O0010;N10 G10 P0 Z-110;N20 T707 (RANURADO);N30 G50 S1000;N40 G96 G99 S110 M4 M200 M8;N50 G0 X80 Z-55; Positioning the TOOL at X80 Z-55N60 G75 R.5; Grooving with chip breaking (0.5 of removing)N70 G75 X69 Z-28 P3000 Q2500 F.1; Grooving, penetrate until ø69 and until Z(W)-28,

penetration in X 3000 microns, movement in Z 2500 microns Av=0.1mm/revolutionATTENTION: in machines with specification of “tenth of micron”, P30000 and Q5000 must be set instead of P3000 y Q500

N80 G0 X200 Z200 M30;

Groove width or groove end point can be defined with a W code in this example (W27, that is, 30 – 3 of tool), if tool is positioned on the right-hand would be (W-27). For either Z or W, tool width must be subtracted.

BBD 210


6.4 Threading fixed cycle

Threading in 8 passes.Thread height

P= 0.65 x 2 (thread pitch) = 1.3 mm1300 microns

Bottom diameterØ = ønominal – ( 2 x height of threads)

Ø = 60 – (2 x 1.3) = 57.4

1st pass cutting depth

Q =Thread height

Nr. of passes

Q =1300 microns

8=457 microns


O0011;N10 G10 P0 Z-88;N20 T101 (ROUNDING);N30 G50 S2000;N40 G96 G99 S200 F0.25 M4 M200 M8;N50 G0 X68 Z0;N60 G1 X-2;N70 G0 X56 Z2;N80 G1 Z0;N90 X60 Z-2 F0.15;N100 Z-35 F0.25;N110 X66;N120 G0 X200 Z100;N130 T303 (ROSCADO);N140 G97 S800 M4; Fixed revolutions at a 800 rpmN150 G0 X62 Z4 (2 TIMES THE STEP); Positioning of TOOL.N160 G76 P010060 Q50 R0.03; Threading fixed chicle P01/00/60: 01 passes,

00 thread exit, 60 thread angle (60º)ATTENTION: in machines with specification of “tenth of micron”, Q500 must be set instead of Q50

N170 G76 X57.4 Z-30 R0 P1300 Q500 F2; Depth of thread ø57.4, end of thread Z-30, finishing offsets 0, thread height 1300 microns, depth of first pass 500 microns, pass 2ATTENTION: in machines with specification of “tenth of micron”, P13000 and Q5000 must be set instead of P1300 y Q500

N180 G0 X200 Z100 M30;

It must be kept in mind that in all cases when pitch is multiplied by the revolutions the result must be ? 4000. Pitch x R.P.M. . 4000.


6.5 Application exercise for threading operations

T1= OUTSIDE AND FACING.T8= TWIST DRILL ø28T10= BORING T12= INTERNAL THREADING CUTTINGT5= EXTERNAL THREADING CUTTING

APPLYDRILLING CYCLETHREADING CYCLE


PROGRAM:

O0012;N10 G10 P0 Z-100;N20 T101;N30 G50 S2000;N40 G96 G99 S200 F0.2 M4 M8 M200;N50 G0 X73 Z0;N60 G1 X-2;N70 G0 X61 Z2;N80 G1 Z0;N90 X64.9 Z-2 F0.15 (THREAD DIAMETER);N100 Z-35 F0.2;N110 X70 Z-50 F0.15;N120 X71;N130 G0 X150 Z200;N140 T808 (BORE OF 28);N150 G97 S300 M4 F0.15;N160 G0 X0 Z3;N170 G74 R1;

N180 G74 Z-84 Q30000 F0.15; ATTENTION: in machines with specification of “tenth of micron”, Q300000 must be set instead of Q30000

N190 G0 Z100;N200 T1010 (INTERNAL MACHINING);N210 G96 G99 S150 M4 F0.2;N220 G0 X34 Z2;N230 G1 Z0;N240 X29.6 Z-2 F0.15;N250 Z-30 F0.2;N260 X27;N270 G0 Z100;N280 T1212 (INTERNAL THREAD);N290 G97 S1300 M4;N300 G0 X28 Z4 (2 TIMES THE LENGTH OF PASS);

N310 G76 P010060 Q40 R0.03; ATTENTION: in machines with specification of ·”tenth of micron”, Q400 must be set instead of Q400

N320 G76 X32 Z-25 R0 P1300 Q450 F2; ATTENTION: in machines with specification of “tenth of micron”, P13000 and Q4500 must be set instead of P1300 y Q450

N330 G0 X250 Z100;N340 T505 (EXTERNAL THREADING);N350 G97 S650 M4;N360 G0 X67 Z3 (2 TIMES THE STEP);N370 G76 P010060 Q50 R0.04; ATTENTION: in machines with specification of “tenth of micron”, Q500 must be set instead of Q50N380 G76 X63.05 Z-30 R0 P975 Q400 F1.5; ATTENTION: in machines with specification of “tenth of micron”, P9750 and Q4000 must be set instead of P975 y Q400N390 G0 X200 Z200 M30;


7. PROGRAMMING SIMPLIFICATION FUNCTIONS

Command and tool displacement tables are included in paragraph 13.6 of Fanuc Manual, part 1/2.

In theses cases, considering tool direction is most important.

The easier procedure is drawing a quadrant on the drawing and locate the degrees as shown on the above diagram.


7.1 Direct programming of profile (angles and round edges)


O0012;N10 G10 P0 Z-200;N20 T303 (PROFILING);N30 G50 S2200;N40 G96 G99 S230 F0.12 M4 M8 M200;N50 G0 X0 Z3;N60 G1 Z0 (P1);N70 ,A90 R6 (FIRST ANGLE);N80 X50 Z-25 ,A165 (SECOND ANGLE); A165 comes from 180°-15°=165°N90 ,A180N100 X75 Z-49 ,A90 ,C1;N110 Z-60;N120 ,A150 R50; A150 comes from 180°-30°=150°N130 X185 Z-100 ,A110; A110 comes from 180°-70°=110°N140 ,A90 ,C2;N150 X200 Z-150 ,A180 (P2);N160 G0 X250 Z200 M30;

Finishing on (P3):N140 X200 C2;N150 Z-102 (it is not known if right or left);You can program two angles with 2 radii or bevels as a maximum.

7.2 Compensation function

For further information on this subject, refer to section 14 on Fanuc manual, part 1/2.


7.2.1 Tool radius compensation

1st) Type of tool (Control) T (Offsets table).2st) Radius inserts of tool (Control) R (Offsets table).3st) Workpiece position with respect to tool (Part program) G41 or G42.

<EXTERNAL>

<INTERNAL>


7.2.2 Tool types

Milling cutters are assigned with type “0” or “9” for interpolations.


7.3 G40 G41 and G42 tool radius compensation

Tools

T1 = EXTERNALT8= TWIST DRILL ø38T10 = INTERNAL


O0013(TOOL RADIUS COMPENSATION G40, G41, G42);N10 G10 P0 Z-95;N20 T101 (EXTERNAL MACHINING);N30 G50 S2200;N40 G96 G99 S200 M4 F0.25 M8 M200;N50 G0 X110 Z0;N60 G1 X-2;N70 G0 X100 Z2;N80 G1 Z-17;N90 G0 X102 Z3;N100 G42 X95 Z1 (ACTIVES COMPENSATION RIGHTWARDS);N110 G1 Z0;N120 X97 Z-1 F0.15;N130 Z-15 F0.2;N140 A150;N150 X102 Z-45 A180;N160 X106;N170 G0 G40 X200 Z200 (DISABLES COMPENSATION);N180 T808 (BROCA DE 38);N190 G97 S165 M4 F0.25;N200 G0 X0 Z3;N210 G74 R1 (BORING CYCLE);N220 G74 Z-80 Q25000 F0.25; ATTENTION: in machines with specification of “tenth of micron”, Q250000 must be set instead of Q25000N230 G0 Z100;N240 T1010 (INTERNAL MACHINING);N250 G96 G99 S150 M4 F0.2;N260 G0 X45 Z2;N270 G1 Z-6;N280 X41 Z-35;N290 Z-38.9;N300 G0 X37 Z4;N310 G41 X48 Z2 (ACTIVES COMPENSATION LEFTWARDS);N320 G1 Z0;N330 X46 Z-1 F0.15;N340 Z-6;N350 X42 Z-35;N360 Z-39;N370 X37;N380 G0 G40 X35 Z2 (DISABLES COMPENSATION);N390 X200 Z150 M30;


7.4 G71 Type I - Example of roughing and finishing cycle with direct definition of profile and tool radius compensation


O0014 (Example of roughing cycle G71 Type I);N10 G10 P0 Z-115;N20 T101 (EXTERNAL ROUGHING);N30 G50 S2500;N40 G96 G99 S200 F0.25 M4 M8 M200;N50 G0 X115 Z2.5;N60 G1 X-2;N70 G0 X115 Z5;N80 Z0;N90 G1 X-2;N100 G0 X111 Z2 (POSITIONING, STARTOF CYCLE);N110 G71 U3 R1 (ROUGHING CYCLE);N120 G71 P1000 Q1100 U0.3 W0.1 F0.25;N1000 G0 X56 (START OF PROFILE);N1010 G1 Z0;N1020 X60 Z-2;N1030 Z-22;N1040 A170 R20;N1050 X95 Z-50 A140 R5;N1060 A180;N1070 X110 Z-64 A135;N1100 X111 (END POINT OF PROFILE);N130 G0 X200 Z100;N140 T303 (EXTERNAL FINISHING);N150 G96 G99 S230 M4 F0.15;N160 G0 G42 X111 Z2 (POSITIONING START OF CYCLE);N170 G70 P1000 Q1100 (FINISHING CYCLE);N180 G0 G40 X200 Z100;N190 T505 (THREADING);N200 G97 S800 M4;N210 G0 X62 Z4;

N220 G76 P010055 Q50 R0.025; ATTENTION: in machines with specification of “tenth of micron”, Q500 must be set instead of Q50

N230 G76 X57.641 Z-19 R0 P1179 Q450 F1.814; ATTENTION: in machines with specification of “tenth of micron”, P11790 and Q4500 must be set instead of P1179 and Q450

N240 G0 X200 Z200 M30;

All cycles ends where they are started and, because of this, finishing positioning is done above the workpiece.


7.5 G71 Type II - Roughing cycle with displacement direction reversal on X-axis


O0016 (Example of roughing cycle G71 Type II)N10 TI01 (ROUGHING);N20 G50 S2200;N30 G96 G99 S200 M4 F0.25;N40 G0 X95 Z0 M8;N50 G1 X-2 M38;N60 G0 G42 X92 Z2;N70 G71 U2.5 R1;N80 G71 P1000 Q1500 U1.2 W0 F0.2;N1000 G0 X60 W0;N1010 G1 Z0;N1040 G3 X76 Z-39 R40;N1050 G1 Z-57;N1500 X90 Z-65;N90 G0 G40 X200 Z100;N100 T303 (FINISHING);N110 G0 G42 X92 Z2;N120 G70 P1000 Q1500;N130 G0 G40 X200 Z200 M30;

For control units with capability for machining profiles with X-axis direction reversal, the first block for defining the profile must state the movement of the two axes or include “U0” or “W0”.

Roughing cycles are without tool radius compensation. Because of this, higher allowances will be specified for X and Z depending on tool radius.


7.6 G72 Example of cross roughing cycle parallel to X-axis

TOOLS:

T1 = EXTERNAL ROUGHINGT2 = EXTERNAL FINISHINGT6 = INTERNAL ROUGHINGT10 = INTERNAL FINISHING


ROUGHING CYCLE APPLICATION

00017 (Example of roughing cycle G72);N10 T101 (EXTERNAL ROUGHING);N20 G50 S2200;N30 G96 G99 S200 M4 F0,25;N40 G0 X95 Z0 M8;N50 G1 X18 M38;N60 G0 X92 Z2;N70 G72 W2.5 R1;N80 G72 P1000 Q1200 U0.3 W0.15 F0.25;N1000 G0 Z-15;N1010 G1 X90;N1020 X88 Z-1;4;N1030 X55 R4;N1040 Z-1.5;N1200 X52 Z0;N90 G0 X150 Z200;N100 T606 (INTERNAL ROUGHING);N110 G96 G99 S150 M4 F0.2;N120 G0 X18 Z2;N130 G71 U2.5 R1;N140 G71 P2000 Q2100 U-0.3 W0.1 F0.2;N2000 G0 X41;N2010 G1 Z0;N2020 X38 Z-1.5;N2030 A180 R15;N2040 X25 Z-30 A195;N2050 X22;N2100 X20 Z-31;N150 G0 Z150;N160 T1010 (INTERNAL FINISHING);N170 G96 G99 S180 M4 F0.12;N180 G0 G41 X18 Z2;N190 G70 P2000 Q2100;N200 G0 G40 X250 Z150;N210 T303 (EXTERNAL FINISHING);N220 G96 G99 S230 M4 F0.15N230 G0 G41 X92 Z2N240 G70 P1000 Q1200N250 G0 G40 X200 M30


7.7 M98 Repetitions of a subprogram


SUBPROGRAM REPETITION APPLICATION

00015 (Repeating of subprogram M98);N10 T505 (GROOVING);N20 G96 G99 S100 M4 F0.1;N30 G0 X74 Z-59 M8;N40 M98 P1000 (CALLING TO SUBPROGRAM 01000);N50 G0 Z-42;N60 M98 P1000;N70 G0 Z-25;N80 X44;N90 M98 P1000;N100 G0 Z-10;N110 M98 P1000;N120 G0 X200 Z200 M30

SUBPROGRAM FOR A SLOT:

01000 (SUBPROGRAM FOR THE SLOT);N10 G1 U-12;N20 G4 X1;N30 G0 U12;N40 W-1;N50 G1 U-4;N60 U-2 W1;N70 G0 U6;N80 W1;N90 G1 U-4;N100 U-2 W-1;N110 G0 U6;N120 M99 (END OF DE SUBPROGRAM);

The subprogram is called by means of command P followed by a number. This number consists of four or more characters.

If the number consists of four characters, it indicates the identification number of subprogram to be called.

If the number consists of more than four characters, the first four characters, from right to left, indicate the identification number of subprogram to be called. Next characters indicate the number of repetitions of subprogram to be called.


7.8 M98 Repetition of parts of a program


PARTS OF A PROGRAM REPETITION APPLICATION:

00018 (REPEATING OF PARTS OF A PROGRAM);N10 T404 (GROOVING);N20 G96 G99 S90 M4 F0.1;N30 G0 X36 Z0 M8;N40 M98 P41001 (REPEATS FOUR TIMES 1001);N50 G0 X200 Z200N60 M30

SUBPROGRAM FOR A SLOT:

O1001 (SUBPROGRAM FOR GROOVING);N10 W-10N20 G1 X30N30 G4 X1N40 G0 X36N50 M99

As described above, a subprogram or part of a subprogram is repeatedly called by means of a command P followed by several numerical characters. In this example, the subprogram is repeatedly called by means of “P41001”.

This command consists of three parts:

“P” calling a subprogram.“4” number of subprogram repetitions.“1001” number consisting of four characters and directly referring to the subprogram.

The maximum number of repetitions for a subprogram in a single call is 9999.


OTHER EXAMPLE OF SUBPROGRAM EXECUTION REPETITION

PROGRAM:

O0001 (EXAMPLE OF M98);N10 G10 PO Z-130;N20 M98 P30002 (REPEATS 3 TIMES THE SUBPROGRAM 0002);N30 G0 X150 Z150 M30

SUBPROGRAM

00002 (SUBPROGRAM);N10 T101;

N25 G50 S1500;N30 G96 S150 G99 F0.08 M4;

N40 G0 X30 Z-10;50 G1 X-2;

N60 G0 X30;N70 G10 P0 W10;

N80 M99


8. FIXED CYCLES BY CMZ

In this chapter, the description of some G codes that have been programmed by CMZ is described

8.1 G38, Checking workpiece pushing

G38 is programmed when a workpiece clamped on the head is to be moved to the sub-head.When transferring the workpiece from the head to the sub-head, it is assumed that the workpiece will be in contact with sub-head chuck face when the limit value preset for B-axis is reached. Then the workpiece is clamped on the sub-head and the program advances to the following block.

G38 can be only programmed on machines equipped with sub-head (S)

G38 B (J)_K_F_Q_;- G38................Workpiece push checking command.- B....................Absolute command

This is a B-axis coordinate value for the working position at which the workpiece will be transferred from the head to the sub-head.

- F....................Advance (mm/min)This is the advance speed for workpiece transfer operation.

- Q....................Transfer position tolerance.After the workpiece is positioned on B+Q as a result of transfer operation, the program will be advanced to the following block.

This detection operation may cause an elongation of aluminium parts, leading to permanent deformation or damage.Transfer advance rate must be selected depending on workpiece material and size.

1- If B-axis position after retracted from detected transfer position is out of the specified tolerance “B+Q”, an alarm message will be displayed

3011 CYCLE NOT COMPLETEDand the machine will be stopped.

2- If Q value is omitted, the tolerance for workpiece position will be 1 mm.

3- The approach point specified before G38 must be a point located at a distance of 1 mm from the sub-head chuck.

4- It is assumed that all coordinate values for B-axis are negative.

5- If any cycle argument is erroneous, the following alarm message will be displayed:

3012 ILLEGAL COMMAND

COMMAND


Program with G38

This function is used to transfer a workpiece from the main head to the sub-head.Workpiece push (torque) against sub-head chuck is checked during workpiece transfer operation.

O0001;N1;

Machining program(Workpiece machined on main head)

N5;G97 S1000 M03;.....................Main head rotates at 1000 min-1M33;........................................Speed synchronisationM211;......................................Open sub-head chuck jawsG0 B-_;...................................Sub-head moved to B position (approach point) (machine co-

ordinate system) (First approach)G98 G01 B-_F1000;................Sub-head approached to workpiece at 1000 mm/min-1 (Second

approach)G38 B_F_Q_;..........................Workpiece push detection

Includes workpiece clamping operation on sub-head.

G99;........................................Advance per revolution.

Machining program(Cutting the workpiece)

M36;........................................Speed synchronisation disabledG28 B0;...................................B-axis retracted to reference point.M30;

EXAMPLE


8.2 G138, workpiece clamping

This cycle can be replaced by G238 (refer to page 60)

G138 is programmed when a workpiece, which was previously clamped with main head, is to be clamped with the tailstock (B-axis)In the clamping operation, the workpiece is meant to be properly clamped when B-axis motor torque reaches the limit value (cycle argument)

G138 is only available for machines equipped with automatic tailstock on B-axis (T specification)

G138 B_ Q_ T_ S_ J_ E1 ....... ClampingG138 D_ J_ E2 ....................... Releasing

- G138.................Workpiece clamping command.- B.........Absolute command

This is a B-axis coordinate value for the working final position at which the workpiece will be clamped. This value should be never reached by the tailstock

- Q.........Tolerance of final position for workpiece clamping (mm)After the workpiece is positioned on B - Q as a result of transfer operation, the program will be advanced to the following block.

- T.........Limit torque for B-axis thrust (K/cm2).- S.........Feedrate for final workpiece clamping (mm/min)- D.........Feedrate for workpiece release (retraction) (mm/min)- J..........Displacement on G1 when clamping and releasing a

workpiece.- E.........Specifies tailstock displacement direction:

E1........Workpiece is clamed (advance).E2........Workpiece is released (retraction).

This clamping operation may cause damage of aluminium parts, leading to permanent deformation or damage.Displacement and torque limit for clamping operation should be selected according to workpiece material and dimensions.

1- If S value is omitted, the default advance value on clamping will be 200mm/min.

2- If D value is omitted, the default retraction value on clamping will be 1500mm/min.

3- If Q value is omitted, the tolerance for workpiece position will be 1mm.

4- If B-axis position after clamping a workpiece is out of the specified tolerance "B-Q" an alarm message will be displayed:

3011 PART NOT CLAMPEDand the machine will be stopped.

COMMAND


5- “Workpiece clamped” signal is activated after reaching the torque limit and current tailstock position is within tolerance "B-Q".

6- J value is optional; its default value, when J is not programmed, is: 5 mm.



Program with G138

Clamping a workpiece on main head.Workpiece push (torque) against centre piece is checked during workpiece clamping operation.

O0001;N1;G138 B-425.8 Q1 S700 T300 J10 E1;...... Workpiece clamping cycle

Advance the tailstock to 10 mm on G0. From this position, the tailstock must be advanced on G1 until reaching the torque limit with F700mm/min.

The part will be clamping, if the B-axis position is between (B, B-Q].

If the B-axis final position is greater than “B-Q” (in the example, -424.8mm), the alarm 3011 PART NOT CLAMPED will appear.

If the B-axis final position is less or equal to “B” (in the example, -425.8mm), the alarm 3011 PART NOT CLAMPED will appear.

G97 S1000 M03...................Main head rotates at 1000 rpmG99; ....................................Advance per revolution.

Machining program

G138 D1500 J10 E2; Workpiece releasing cycle

The tailstock is retracted 10 mm, as J is 10; with F1500mm/min.

M30;

EXAMPLE


8.3 G238, workpiece clampingG238 is programmed for clamping a workpiece, which was previously clamped on main head, on the tailstock (B-axis).In the clamping operation, the workpiece is meant to be properly clamped when B-axis motor torque reaches the limit value (cycle argument)

G238 is only available for machines equipped with automatic tailstock on B-axis (T specification)

G238 (X_ Z_) B_ K_ Q_ T_ S_ (A_) E1.............ClampingG238 (X_ Z_) B_ D_ J_ E2.................................Releasing

- G238................Workpiece clamping command.- X, Z.....Absolute command

These are the X and Z coordinate values for positioning the axes on G0. This positioning is performed simultaneously with B-axis.

- B.........Absolute commandThis is a B-axis coordinate value for the working final position at which the workpiece will be clamped. This value should be never reached by the tailstock.

- Q.........Tolerance of final position for workpiece clamping (mm)After the workpiece is positioned on B - Q as a result of clamping operation, the program will be advanced to the following block.

- T.........Limit torque for B-axis thrust (K/cm2).- A.........T command for tool change it will be performed at the cycle

start.- S.........Feedrate for final workpiece clamping (mm/min)- D.........Feedrate for workpiece release (retraction) (mm/min)- K.........Traverse on G1 when clamping the workpiece (mm).- J..........Traverse on G1 when releasing the workpiece (mm).- E.........Specifies tailstock displacement direction:

E1.......The workpiece is clamped (advance)E2.......Workpiece is released (retraction).

This clamping operation may cause damage of aluminium parts, leading to permanent deformation or damage.Displacement and torque limit for clamping operation should be selected according to workpiece material and dimensions.

If S value is omitted, the default advance value on clamping will be: 200 mm/min.

If D value is omitted, the default retraction value will be:1500 mm/min.

1- If Q value is omitted, the tolerance for workpiece position will be 1 mm.

2- If B-axis position after clamping the workpiece is out of the specified tolerance “B,B-Q”, the following alarm message will be displayed:

3011 PART NOT CLAMPEDand the machine will be stopped.

COMMAND


3- “Workpiece clamped” signal is activated after reaching the torque limit and current tailstock position is within tolerance "B,B-Q".

4- Programming X and Z arguments, for both clamping and releasing, is optional.

5- If programmed, the positioning of X-, Z- and B-axis, when clamping or releasing the workpiece, is simultaneous movement of 3 axes on G0.

6- Programming A argument is only possible during the clamping cycle and is optional.

7- If K value is omitted, the default vale will be 10 mm. This value is only effective on clamping cycle.

8- J value is optional, and is only effective during the releasing cycle its default value, when B is not programmed, is: 0 mm.

9- When programming B on a releasing cycle, the J argument is optional. If J is not programmed, the tailstock will go to B position programmed on G0 from the clamping position.

10- If B and J are programmed on a releasing cycle, the tailstock is retracted J mm on G1 and then will go to B coordinate value programmed on G0.



Program with G238

Clamping a workpiece on main head.Workpiece push (torque) against centre piece is checked during workpiece clamping operation.

EXAMPLE


O0001;

N1;G238 X100 Z50 B-425.8 K5 Q1 S700 T250 A501 E1; .... Workpiece clamping cycle

The X, Z and B axes moving at the same time.The tailstock is advanced to the B-position (-425.8+5=-420.8mm) on G0, as K is 5 and B is –425.8. From this position, the tailstock is advanced on G1 until reaching the torque, with F700mm/min, as S is 700.

After executing the part-clamping-movement, the new T code will be executed.

The part will be clamping, if the B-axis position is between (B, B-Q].

If the B-axis final position is greater than “B-Q” (in the example, -424.8mm), the alarm 3011 PART NOT CLAMPED will appear.

If the B-axis final position is less or equal to “B” (in the example, -425.8mm), the alarm 3011 PART NOT CLAMPED will appear.

G97 S1000 M03..........................................Main head rotates at 1000 rpmG99;............................................................Advance per revolution.

Machining program

G238 X250 Z250 B100 D1200 J10 E2; Workpiece releasing cycle

It will be moved 10 mm out from the workpiece, as J is 10; with F1200 mm/min.Then it will be retracted on G0 to the X, Z and B coordinate values.

M30;


8.4 G384,G380 Rigid threading cycle

For threading operations, X- or Z-axis displacement per revolution of powered tool must be equal to thread pitch.To ensure that an accurate thread pitch is achieved, axis feed (X- or Z-axis) and powered tool speed must be continuously synchronised.A rigid threading cycle is disabled by entering G380 in the program.

Commands G384 and G380 can be only used on machines equipped with powered tool.

< Rigid threading cycle on front end >

G384 X_C_Z_H_R_F_S_D_M_E_Q_A_T2(T3);

< Rigid threading cycle on a side >

G384 X_C_Z_H_R_F_S_D_M_E_Q_A_T1;

G380;- G384..............Enables a rigid threading cycle- G380..............Disables a rigid threading cycle

- X,Z,C..............Absolute command for positioning the tool in front of hole centre.< Rigid threading on front end >

- R....................Used to set R point position (incremental value).- H....................Specifies the position of hole bottom on X- or Z-axis from

point R (incremental value)- F....................Used to set thread pitch (mm).- S....................Used to set tool lead-in speed (min-1).- D....................Used to set tool lead-out speed (min-1).- A....................Specifies the command for t code, for selecting a new tool.- M....................Used to activate head brake.

M50.............Brake of head or head 1.M250...........Brake of head 2.

- T....................Used to set threading direction.T1................Direction according to X-axis (threaded radial).T2................Direction according to Z-axis (threaded axial <head 1>).T3................Direction according to Z-axis (threaded axial <head 2>).

- Transmission ratio powered tool holderE.................Tool holder input speedQ.................Tool holder output speed.

If you press emergency stop or RESET push-button when a threading cycle is being executed, special attention should be paid to axis movements, as otherwise damage could be caused to the machine or workpiece. Executing G380 in MDI

COMMAND


1- For a threading cycle, axis and head override will be set to 100%.

2- Dry Run function is not available when a threading cycle is being executed.

3- Ensure that powered tool and head are stopped prior to executing a threading cycle.

4- As axes and tool are synchonised, using a floating tap will not be required.

5- Powered tool speed will be limited when using a rigid threading cycle.

6 Positioning of X-, Z- and C-axis is performed on G0 simultaneously on the 3 axes. This movement is carried out when calling the cycle for the first time.For subsequent calls, only a single coordinate value is possible. X or Z or C.

7- G384 function is programmed in all blocks requiring a rigid threading cycle. H, R, F, S, D, M, Q, E, A and T values must not be entered in the second block in which a rigid threading cycle is programmed, as well as in all subsequent blocks. Only the position at which a threading operation is to be carried out must be entered.

8- H argument is the distance from R point to hole bottom.

9- Entering the number of repeats for a rigid threading cycle is not permitted.

10- A rigid threading cycle enabled with G384 must be disabled with G380.If another fixed cycle is entered without previously disabling a rigid threading cycle, an alarm message (No. 3011) will be displayed. Indexing the turret with a T command during a rigid threading cycle is not permitted.

If another fixed cycle is specified without previously cancelling the rigid threading cycle, a collision between tool and workpiece may occur.

11- During a rigid threading cycle, turret indexing by means of command T is carried out when starting the cycle and before positioning the axes.

12- If no D value is specified, tool lead-in and lead-out speed will be that specified for S.

13- If neither M50 nor M250 is specified, there will be no head braking.

14- T3 value must be only specified for machins equipped with a sub-head (S). This value must not be used to perform a front threading operation on a workpiece located on the sub-head.

15- Commnad M250 will be only valid if a T3 value is specified.




Programming using G384 and G380

A rigid threading cycle (G384) (pitch: 2 mm; depth: 20 mm) is to be carried out for holes 1 to 6.

O0001;N1;G98;........................................Advance per minuteM80;........................................C-axis on main head is activatedG28 H0;..................................Go to C-axis reference pointG97;........................................Constant head speed control is activated

Power tool is stopped

G384 X150.0 Z30.0 C30.0 H20.0 R15.0 F2.0 S300. D600. M50. T2. A101;A rigid threading cycle is executed on point 1

- X150.0 Z30.0 C30.0

The axes are positioned on point 1 (X150, Z30, C30) at quick speed (G0).

- H20.0...........Position of hole bottom (from R)- R15.0...........Position of R point (from initial point)- F2.0.............Pitch: 2mm- S300............Lead-in speed of powered tool: 300 min-1

- D600............Lead-out speed of powered tool: 600 min-1

- M50.............Main head brake- T2................Threading direction (Z-axis direction <main head>)- A101............Calling tool 01 with corrector 01.

When moving from initial point to R point, powered tool rotation is stopped.

EXAMPLE

Z30.0(Initial point)

Z15.0(R point)

Reverse rotation

Normal rotation

Infeed

Rapid displacement

0.1 s dwell time on hole bottomMovements for G384 on 1 - 6


G384 C90.0;G384 C150.0;G384 C210.0; ...............G384 C270.0;G384 C330.0;G380;......................................Rigid threading cycle is disabled (G384)G00 X200.0 Z100.0 M05;........Powered tool is stopped.M81;........................................C-axis is disabled.G99;........................................Advance per revolution.M30;

A rigid threading cycle (G384) is executed on points 2 to 6


8.4.1 Calibrating of tailstock pushing force.

G138 and G238 allow the calibrating of the tailstock pushing force through the variable #130.

When an argument T [Kgf] is programmed for this G function (limit of B axis pushing force), the tailstock makes this force against the workpiece.

If a force meassurement device is installed between the spindle and the automatic tailstock, as can be seen on next figure, the force made by the tailstock could be read. This force should be the same as the one programmed on by the T argument.

Fig. 1.3.1

To calibrate this force, the variable #130 of the program O9016 (for the cycle G138), or the program O9015 (for the cycle G238) can be introduced from the keyboard, until both measurements are the same.

The initial #130 is introduced by the manufacturer during the machine verification process.

If the bit 4 in the parameter 3202 takes the value of “1”, the edition of registered programs O9000 to O9999 will not be possible.


8.5 G384,G380 Rigid threading cycle

For threading operations, X- or Z-axis displacement per revolution of powered tool must be equal to thread pitch.To ensure that an accurate thread pitch is achieved, axis feed (X- or Z-axis) and powered tool speed must be continuously synchronised.A rigid threading cycle is disabled by entering G380 in the program.

Commands G384 and G380 can be only used on machines equipped with powered tool.

< Rigid threading cycle on front end >

G384 X_C_Z_H_R_F_S_D_M_E_Q_A_T2(T3);

< Rigid threading cycle on a side >

G384 X_C_Z_H_R_F_S_D_M_E_Q_A_T1;

G380;- G384..............Enables a rigid threading cycle- G380..............Disables a rigid threading cycle

- X,Z,C..............Absolute command for positioning the tool in front of hole centre.< Rigid threading on front end >

- R....................Used to set R point position (incremental value).- H....................Specifies the position of hole bottom on X- or Z-axis from

point R (incremental value)- F....................Used to set thread pitch (mm).- S....................Used to set tool lead-in speed (min-1).- D....................Used to set tool lead-out speed (min-1).- A....................Specifies the command for t code, for selecting a new tool.- M....................Used to activate head brake.

M50.............Brake of head or head 1.M250...........Brake of head 2.

- T....................Used to set threading direction.T1................Direction according to X-axis (threaded radial).T2................Direction according to Z-axis (threaded axial <head 1>).T3................Direction according to Z-axis (threaded axial <head 2>).

- Transmission ratio powered tool holderE.................Tool holder input speedQ.................Tool holder output speed.

If you press emergency stop or RESET push-button when a threading cycle is being executed, special attention should be paid to axis movements, as otherwise damage could be caused to the machine or workpiece. Executing G380 in MDI

COMMAND





4- As axes and tool are synchonised, using a floating tap will not be required.

5- Powered tool speed will be limited when using a rigid threading cycle.

6 Positioning of X-, Z- and C-axis is performed on G0 simultaneously on the 3 axes. This movement is carried out when calling the cycle for the first time.For subsequent calls, only a single coordinate value is possible. X or Z or C.

7- G384 function is programmed in all blocks requiring a rigid threading cycle. H, R, F, S, D, M, Q, E, A and T values must not be entered in the second block in which a rigid threading cycle is programmed, as well as in all subsequent blocks. Only the position at which a threading operation is to be carried out must be entered.

8- H argument is the distance from R point to hole bottom.

9- Entering the number of repeats for a rigid threading cycle is not permitted.

10- A rigid threading cycle enabled with G384 must be disabled with G380.If another fixed cycle is entered without previously disabling a rigid threading cycle, an alarm message (No. 3011) will be displayed. Indexing the turret with a T command during a rigid threading cycle is not permitted.

If another fixed cycle is specified without previously cancelling the rigid threading cycle, a collision between tool and workpiece may occur.


12- If no D value is specified, tool lead-in and lead-out speed will be that specified for S.

13- If neither M50 nor M250 is specified, there will be no head braking.

14- T3 value must be only specified for machins equipped with a sub-head (S). This value must not be used to perform a front threading operation on a workpiece located on the sub-head.

15- Commnad M250 will be only valid if a T3 value is specified.




Programming using G384 and G380

A rigid threading cycle (G384) (pitch: 2 mm; depth: 20 mm) is to be carried out for holes 1 to 6.

O0001;N1;G98 (G94);..............................Advance per minuteM80;........................................C-axis on main head is activatedG28 H0;..................................Go to C-axis reference pointG97;........................................Constant head speed control is activated

Power tool is stopped

G384 X150.0 Z30.0 C30.0 H20.0 R15.0 F2.0 S300. D600. M50. T2. A101;A rigid threading cycle is executed on point 1

- X150.0 Z30.0 C30.0

The axes are positioned on point 1 (X150, Z30, C30) at quick speed (G0).

- H20.0...........Position of hole bottom (from R)- R15.0...........Position of R point (from initial point)- F2.0.............Pitch: 2mm- S300............Lead-in speed of powered tool: 300 min-1

- D600............Lead-out speed of powered tool: 600 min-1

- M50.............Main head brake- T2................Threading direction (Z-axis direction <main head>)- A101............Calling tool 01 with corrector 01.

When moving from initial point to R point, powered tool rotation is stopped.

EXAMPLE

Z30.0(Initial point)

Z15.0(R point)

Reverse rotation

Normal rotation

Infeed

Rapid displacement

0.1 s dwell time on hole bottomMovements for G384 on 1 - 6


G384 C90.0;G384 C150.0;G384 C210.0; ...............G384 C270.0;G384 C330.0;G380;......................................Rigid threading cycle is disabled (G384)G00 X200.0 Z100.0 M05;........Powered tool is stopped.M81;........................................C-axis is disabled.G99 (G95);..............................Advance per revolution.M30;

8.5.1 G100 Tailstock connect jointWhen performing center-work, G100 Z_ moves the saddle to the position where the tailstock can be connected to the saddle and then to the specified positioning point (Z_).

The G100 command can be used only with the programmable tailstock specification machine.

G100 Z_ or G100 I1;G100 …. Calls the tailstock connect joint modeZ ……… Specifies the distance between the chuck face and the tailstock.I1 ……… Specifies moving the tailstock to the parking position.

1/ Specify the G100 command independently in a block without other commands.2/ Specify the coordinate value of the tailstock positioning point (Z) in mm.3/ For address Z, specify a numeric value with a decimal point.4/ In order to get the tailstock out from the parking position the G100Z_ command should be commanded.

To execute the G100 command, the following conditions must be satisfied:The main spindle or the rotary tool spindle is stopped.The turret head index has completed.The tailstock spindle is in the IN position.

During setup operation, it is recommended to record the position(s) where the tailstock should be positioned and the position where the tailstock should be returned after the completion of machining. The coordinate values must be specified in the machine coordinate system.

A rigid threading cycle (G384) is executed on points 2 to 6

COMMAND


<Operation flow chart for G100>

Programming using G100

O0005;N1;G100 Z_; …………………………. Moving the tailstock to the position specified by Z_ (value in mm).M25; ……………………………… The tailstock spindle moves OUT to hold the workpiece by the tailstock spindle center.G04 U_; …………………………... Calling for dwell to allow positive support of the workpiece by the tailstock spindle center.G50 S1000:T0101:G96S100M03;...Machining program…G28 U0; …………………………. Machine zero return of X-axis to avoid interference with the tailstock.M05;M26; …………………………….. The tailstock spindle moves IN.G04 U_; …………………………. Calling for dwell to allow tailstock spindle to correctly extract into the tailstock body.G100 Z_; ………………………… Moving the tailstock to the previously located position, specified by Z_ (value in mm).…

Positioning of the saddle to the tailstock joint position.

Execution of M27 (tailstock body unclamp; joint pin extends from the tailstock body to connect with the saddle).

Z_ (positioning of the tailstock at the position specified by Z_)

Execution of M28 (joint pin extracts from saddle to release the tailstock body from the saddle ; tailstock body clamp).

<Macro program>

...G100 Z_;...

EXAMPLE


8.5.2 G101 Tailstock connect jointWhen performing center-work, G101 moves the saddle to the position where the tailstock can be connected to the saddle and then the tailstock can be commanded to a working point.

The G101 command can be used only with the programmable tailstock specification machine.

G101;G101 …. Calls the tailstock connect joint mode

1/ Specify the G101 command independently in a block without other commands.

To execute the G101 command, the following conditions must be satisfied:The main spindle or the rotary tool spindle is stopped.The turret head index has completed.The tailstock spindle is in the IN position.When programing G101 to get out the tailstock from park position, the joint hole doesn’t change and the tailstock is coupled to the 2nd hole.

During setup operation, it is recommended to record the position(s) where the tailstock should be positioned and the position where the tailstock should be returned after the completion of machining. The coordinate values must be specified in the machine coordinate system.

<Operation flow chart for G101>

Positioning of the saddle to the tailstock joint position.

Execution of M27 (tailstock body unclamp; joint pin extends from the tailstock body to connect with the saddle).

<Macro program>...G101;...

COMMAND


Programming using G101

O0005;N1;G101; …………………………. Moving the Z axis to the position where the tailstock was left.G1Z_F100; ……………………….. Approuch the tailstock to the part with the Z-axis.M28; ………………………..… Uncouple and clamp the tailstock.M25; ……………………………… The tailstock spindle moves OUT to hold the workpiece by the tailstock spindle center.G04 U_; …………………………... Calling for dwell to allow positive support of the workpiece by the tailstock spindle center.G50 S1000:T0101:G96S100M03;...Machining program…G28 U0; …………………………. Machine zero return of X-axis to avoid interference with the tailstock.M05;M26; …………………………….. The tailstock spindle moves IN.G04 U_; …………………………. Calling for dwell to allow tailstock spindle to correctly extract into the tailstock body.G101; …………………………. Moving the Z axis to the position where the tailstock was left.G1Z_F100; ……………………… Moving the tailstock to the previously located position specified by Z_ (absolute coordinate value).M28; ………………………… Uncouple and clamp the tailstock.…

EXAMPLE


9. M functions made by CMZ.

In this chapter, the description of some M functions that have been programmed by CMZ can be found

9.1 M23,M24 Angular or straight thread runout

M23 and M24 codes are used to specify an angular or straight runout respectively for fixed threading cycles.

If the thread is not relieved at the thread end, as shown on the top left figure, a M23 function must be programmed (aungular runout.

M24 function is used for threads relieved at the thread end, as shown on the bottom left figure (straight runout)

U/2 distance must be greater than angular runout length ( r ). Refer to bottom left figure.

M23; ............ Used for angular runout.M24; ............ Used for straight runout (disables angular runout).

Special care should be taken to prevent any interference between workpiece and tool when using an angular runout.

As shown in the figure, r distance is programmed by means of parameter 5130. Runout angle will be 45º.

(1) Angular runout (M23)

(2) Straight runout (M24)

COMMAND


9.2 M33, M34, M36 Synchronising operation

M33 function is used to synchronise only head and sub-head speed.M34 function is used to synchronise head and sub-head phase and speed.M36 function disables the synchronisation mode.

M33, M34 and M36 commands are only used on machines equipped with a sub-head (S).

M33; ............ Speed synchronisation.M34; ............ Phase and speed synchronisation.M36; ............ Synchronisation mode disabled.

1- For transferring a workpiece from main head to sub-head, head and sub-head speed must be synchronised by means of M33 command. If the workpiece is transferred without activating the synchronisation mode, scratching of workpiece could result.

2- For transferring an hexagonal bar, head and sub-head phase and speed must be synchronised by means of M34 command, as otherwise the transfer operation will not be possible.

3- M36 function should be only programmed after completing a cutting cycle or when chucks on main head and sub-head are open.

4- If a M34 function is programmed with sub-head jaws closed, alarm message FM 102 will be displayed.

5- M5 function must not be programmed when phase and/or speed synchronisation mode is activated. M5 function will disable the synchronisation mode.

M34 function can de also used for round parts, but considering that phase (and speed) synchronisation time is longer and speed synchronisation time, using M33 function is recommended when machining round parts.

COMMAND


Program with M34 and M36 (1)

These functions are used when the workpiece on main head is to be transferred to sub-head with the synchronisation mode activated.

O0001;

Machining program.(machining operation on main head)

N5;G97 S1000 M03;.....................Main head rotates at 1000 min-1.M34;........................................Phase and speed synchronisation.

After synchronising the phases, head and sub-head speed is synchronised to 1000 min-1.

M211;......................................Sub-head jaws are opened.Sub-head rotates at 1000 min-1 in reverse direction with jaws open.

During the synchronisation, heads can be rotated with jaws open.

G53 B-_;.................................Sub-head is moved to limit point on B-axis (machine co-ordinates)(First approach)

G98 G01 B-_F1000;................Sub-head is approached to workpiece at a speed of 1000 mm/min(Second approach)

G38 J_K_F_Q_;......................Workpiece push is detected.

Includes clamping of workpiece on sub-head.


Machining program).(Cutting operation)

M36;........................................Synchronisation mode is disabled

Sub-head is stopped while main head continues rotating at programmed speed.

G28 B0;...................................Sub-head is returned to reference point on B-axis.M01;

EXAMPLE


Program with M33 and M36 (2)

These functions are used when the workpiece on main head is to be transferred to sub-head with the synchronisation mode activated.

O0001;

Machining program.(machining operation on main head)

N5;G97 S1000 M03;.....................Main head rotates at 1000 min-1.M33;........................................Speed synchronisation.

Head and sub-head speed is synchronised to 1000 min-1.

M211;......................................Sub-head jaws are opened.Sub-head rotates at 1000 min-1 in reverse direction with jaws open.

During the synchronisation, heads can rotate with jaws open.

G53 B-_;.................................Sub-head is moved to limit point in B-axis (machine co-ordinates)(First approach)

G98 G01 B-_F1000;................Sub-head is approached to workpiece at 1000 mm/min(Second approach)

G38 J_K_F_Q_;......................Workpiece push is detected.

Includes clamping of workpiece on sub-head.


Machining program.(Cutting operation)

M36;........................................Synchronisation mode is disabled

Sub-head is stopped while main head continues rotating at programmed speed.

G28 B0;...................................Sub-head is returned to reference point on B-axisM01;

EXAMPLE


9.3 Spindles windings selection

The inetegrated spindles of machines TS and TS-Compact have two windings. By default the selection of the spindles windings is automatic in the machine. But they can be selected using the appropiate M codes in the part programm.

M310;............Automatic selection of main spindle windings.M311; ..........Star-winding selection in main spindle.M312; ..........Delta-winding selection in main spindle.M320;...........Automatic selection of windongs in subspindle.M321; ..........Star-winding selection in subspindle.M322; ..........Delta-winding selection in subspindle.

In order to avoid any damage on machine, the work piece and the tools and to make a correct machining of the work piece, is very important to know the the torque and power characteristics of the wondings of the spindles before executing any of the M codes described before.Please look up the specifications manual sent with the machine.

1.- In machines without subspindle no execution of M320, M321 or M322 is executed.

9.4 M40 Detection of cut workpiece

M40 function is used to check whether the cutting cycle on the workpiece transferred from main head to sub-head is completed.A cutting cycle is considered completed when sub-head speed is different to main head speed.

M40; ............ Detection of cut workpiece.

1.- M40 function can be only used on machines equipped with a sub-head (S).

2.- If the cutting cycle is not completed after executing a M40 function, the two heads are stopped and alarm message FM41 (Cutting cycle not completed) displayed.

3.- If a M40 function is executed with head synchronisation mode activated, the head with the rotation is initiated (M3, M4, M203, M204) will rotate at programmed speed. The other head will be stopped.

4.- Even though a M40 function disables head synchronisation, the operation synchronisation mode is not disabled. Always enter a M36 function after entering a M40 function in the program.

COMMAND

COMMAND


Program with M40

O0001;Machining program(Machining operation on main head)

N5;G97 S1000 M03;.....................Main head rotates at 1000 min-1

M33;........................................Speed synchronised in both heads.M211;

Workpiece transferG99 G00 X42.0 M08;..............Advance per revolutionG01 X-06 F0.08;.....................Cutting cycle. Workpiece cut to X-0.6 at a feed speed of 0.08

mm/sec.G28 U0 M09;M40;........................................Detection of cut workpiece

Main head rotates at 1000 min-1 and sub-head is stopped.

G28 W0;M36;........................................Head synchronisation mode is disabledG28 B0;...................................Sub-head is returned to reference point on B-axis.

M01;

EXAMPLE


9.5 M73, M74 Workpiece collector IN/OUT

When a M73 function is executed, workpiece collector is moved to a position under the chuck in order to collect the finished workpiece.When a M74 function is executed, workpiece collector returns to a position near machine door for ejection of finished part.If you try opening machine door, workpiece collector will be retracted to a position allowing the door to be easily opened.

M73; ............ Workpiece COLLECTION.(Workpiece collector IN)

M74; ............ Workpiece EJECTION.(Workpiece collector OUT)

1.- Before executing a M73 function, ensure that the turret is out the interference area with workpiece collector.

2.- Singly programming a M73 or M74 function in a block without any other command and entering a G04 function in the next block, will allow workpiece collector movements to be completed without any interference.If a G04 function is not entered in the next block, next block can be started with workpiece collector not having completed its movements and thus with a risk of collision.G04 time period must be longer than the time required for collecting and ejecting the workpiece. It should be taken also into account that this time period will depend on air pressure.

3.- If workpiece weight or volume exceeds the capacity of workpiece collector, do not use it, as otherwise damages could be caused to the machine.

1.- On machines equipped with a sub-head (S), don not enter a M73 function in the program if there is any risk of collision with sub-head body.

2.- On machines equipped with a sub-head (S), B-axis displacement is not permitted when workpiece collector is in collection position.

COMMAND


Program with M73 and M74

It is assumed that the machine is equipped with a sub-head (S)O0001;

Machining program.(Machining operation on sub-head)

M05:........................................Sub-head is stoppedG53 B_;...................................Sub-head is moved to the position at which the workpiece is

collected by workpiece collector.

Workpiece collector operates independently from turret position.B-axis co-ordinate value will be the position at which the workpiece is released from the sub-head without causing any interference with workpiece collector, turret, etc.

M73;........................................Workpiece collector is moved to collection position.M211;......................................Workpiece released from sub-head.G04 U_;..................................Time delay.G28 B0;...................................B-axis is moved to reference point.M74;........................................Workpiece collector is moved to ejection position.M254;......................................Sub-head jaws are blown with air.G04 U_;..................................Time delay.M259;......................................Jaw blowing is deactivated.

M30;

EXAMPLE


9.6 M329 Rigid threading with heads

M329 is programmed when a threading operation is required, with Z-axis, on the centreline of a workpiece clamped on the head or sub-head.For threading operations, Z-axis displacement per revolution of head must be equal to thread pitch.To ensure that an accurate thread pitch is achieved, axis feed (Z-axis) and head speed must be continuously synchronised.

M329 may be used on all machines.

M329 X_ Z_ H_ R_ F_ S_ T_ A_ I_;

- M329................Command for rigid threading.- X, Z........Absolute commands, with the position of the hole to be

machined.- R.............Used to set R point position (incremental value) (mm).- H.............Specifies the position of hole bottom on Z-axis (absolute

value) (mm)- F.............Used to set thread pitch (mm).- S.............Specifies head rotation speed for a threading operation (min-

1).- A.............Specifies the T code for selecting a new tool.- I..............Specifies thread direction, right-hand (0) or left-hand (1).- T.............Used to set threading direction.

T2................Direction on Z-axis (head 1)T3................Direction on Z-axis (head 2)

If you press emergency stop or RESET push-button when a threading cycle is being executed, special attention should be paid to axis movements, as otherwise damage could be caused to the machine or workpiece. Otherwise, the machine, workpiece or tool could be damaged.

COMMAND





4- As axes and head are synchronised, using a floating tap will not be required.

5- Positioning on X- and Z-axis is performed on G0 simultaneously on the 2 axes.


7- T3 value must be only specified for machines equipped with a sub-head (S) (S specification). This value must not be used to perform a front threading operation on a workpiece located on the sub-head.

8- If argument 1 is set to a value other than 1, the cycle will assume that a right-hand thread is to be machined.



Program with M329

For performing a rigid threading operation with main head.

O0001;N1;

Machining program(Workpiece machined on main head)

N5;G97 M81 M5;.........................................C-axis is deactivated and head stopped.

Before executing M329 cycle, the machine must be on head operation mode with head stopped.Deactivate G96 (with G97)

M329 X_ Z_ H-30.0 R_ F2.5 S400 T2 A0303 I0;Rigid threading cycle with main head, machining a right-hand thread of 2.5 thread pitch and 30 mm depth.Head speed during threading operation will be 400 rpm

Includes workpiece-clamping operation on sub-head.

M30;

EXAMPLE


9.7 M432 Workpiece collection cycle

On machines equipped with a sub-head (S), it is possible to machine a new workpiece on main head after the previous workpiece has been machined on the sub-head and at the end of the following cycle:Stop sub-head Collet workpiece Reject workpieceThe next block in the program will not be executed until the above cycle is completed.However, M342 function will enable continuing executing the program while this cycle is being executed.This will allow machining a workpiece on main head immediately after completing a machining cycle on the sub-head.

M432; .............Workpiece collection cycle.

This function should be programmed after machining a workpiece on the sub-head and prior to machining a new workpiece on main head. However, ensure that machining a workpiece on main head will not interfere with workpiece collector and sub-head movements, as otherwise there is a risk of collision, causing damages to the machine.

1.- Commands M210 and M211 (open and close sub-head jaws respectively) cannot be executed when a workpiece collection cycle is being executed.

2.- The following operations, if programmed when a workpiece collection cycle is activated, will be executed at the end of workpiece collection cycle:- B-axis displacement- Head phase synchronisation (M34)- Head speed synchronisation (M33)- Manual door opening (M30)- Automatic door opening (M70)- Sub-head rotation (M203/M204)- Sub-head orientation (M219)- Sub-head jaws blowing (M254)

3.- Programming a M432 will not be permitted in there is any interference of B-axis with workpiece collector.

4.- If a M432 is programmed in a block together with a displacement of B-axis, workpiece collection cycle will be executed after the required B-axis displacement is completed.

COMMAND


Program with M432

The following example assumes that the machine is equipped with a bar feed.

O0001;Machining program(Machining operation on sub-head)

M05:........................................Sub-head is stoppedG53 B_;...................................Sub-head is moved to the position at which workpiece collector

collects the workpiece.

Workpiece collector operates independently from turret position.B-axis co-ordinate value will be the position on B-axis at which the workpiece is released from the sub-head, without causing any interference with workpiece collector, turret, etc.

M432;......................................Workpiece collection cycle

The sub-head is stopped.

N10;M11;........................................Open jaws on main head.G04 U_;..................................Time delay to allow properly opening main head jaws.M62;........................................Bar feed (push)M10;........................................Clamp workpiece on main head.G04 U_;..................................Time delay to allow properly clamping a new workpiece on main

head.N11;G50 S2000;G00 T0101;G96 S120 M03;

Machining program(Machining operation on main head)

M30;

9.8 Commands for bars unloader

M454; .............Bar unloader, formards commandM455; .............Bar unloader, backwards commandM472; .............Bar unloader, command for unloading start.M473; .............Bar unloader, command for end of unloading

EXAMPLE

COMMAND


9.9 Operation of chip conveyor

M codes governing the operation of chip conveyor are described below.

M200................................ Start chip conveyor.

M201................................ Stop chip conveyor.

If a rear chip conveyor is installed, M200 and M201 codes switch on and off cleaning fluid, respectively, further to starting and stopping the chip conveyor.In this case, chip conveyor operation time entered on parameter screen does not affect cleaning fluid pump operation.

9.10 Cutting fluid

The operation mode of the various configurations available for cutting fluid pump is described below. These configurations depend on machine type and optional attachments provided.

9.10.1 Coolant

If the machine is equipped with a single coolant pump, M8 code, while on automatic mode, will start the pump and M38 code will stop it. You can also enter M9 code to stop the pump, as this code will switch off all pumps, both coolant pumps and cleaning fluid pumps.

A push-button is available for starting this pump on manual mode. The LED on this push-button will be lighted when the pump is started.

TBI 520 machines can be provided with a second coolant pump. This pump is started and stopped, while on automatic mode, by means of codes M18 and M17, respectively. If a M9 code is programmed, both coolant pumps are stopped.

This pump is optional for TBI520 machines.

Same as for the first pump, a push-button is available on control panel for starting and stopping the second coolant pump on manual mode. (The LED will be lighted when this pump is started)

These two coolant pumps will only operated if machine door is closed.

9.10.2 Cleaning fluid

If the machine is equipped with a rear chip conveyor, cleaning pump operation will be governed by chip conveyor operation. By this way, when a M200 code is entered to start the chip conveyor, the pump will be also started and will be kept running until a M201 code is entered to stop the chip conveyor.

If the chip conveyor is located on the machine side instead of on the rear, M382 and M383 code will start and stop the pump, respectively, while on automatic mode. In this case, a push-button on control panel is used to start (LED lighted) and stop the pump on manual mode.

COMMAND


A cleaning pump is always provided on TL machines equipped with rear chip conveyor or B-axis.

Operation of cleaning pump will be only possible with machine door closed.

9.10.3 Supply of coolant through sub-head

This option is only available for TL machines.

Through-coolant supply will be only activated with machine door closed.

Enter M478 code to activate this function on automatic mode. By this way, both the coolant pump and the electrovalve enabling coolant to be fed through the sub-head will be activated. M479 or M9 code will deactivate both the coolant pump and the electrovalve, making coolant to circulate through the turret.

Moreover, two push-buttons are provided on control panel to activate and deactivate this function on manual mode.

9.10.4 Coolant gun

Coolant gun can be only activated with machine door open To activate coolant gun, press coolant start push-button on main control panel.

The coolant gun is an option available for all machines.

M8 .............. Activates coolant pumpM9 ............................ Deactivates both coolant and cleaning pumpsM38 ........................ Deactivates only coolant pump cooling system.M18 ........... Activates the 2nd coolant pump on all machines

equipped with this pump (TBI 520).M17 ........................ Deactivates the 2nd coolant pump machines equipped

with this pump (TBI 520).M382 .................... If a side chip conveyor is installed, this command

activates cleaning fluidM383 .................... If a side chip conveyor is installed, this command

deactivates cleaning fluidM200 ...................... If a rear chip conveyor is installed, this command

activates cleaning fluid pump and chip conveyor.M201 ...................... If a rear chip conveyor is installed, this command

deactivates cleaning fluid pump and chip conveyor.M478 .................. Activates both the coolant pump and an electrovalve

opening coolant circuit through the sub-head and closing the circuit through the turret.

M479 .................... Deactivates coolant pump and an electrovalve closing coolant circuit through the sub-head and close the circuit through the turret.


10. PROGRAMMING C-AXIS AND POWERED TOOL.

This section describes the procedure used to program machining cycles requiring position control by the head. This is the meaning of C-axis. The head will rotate and the control unit will control head position at all moment. By this way, C-axis can be positioned according to preset angles, be displaced on incremental mode, etc irrespective the workpiece is being machined or not.

10.1 M codes related to C-axis functions on one or two heads

The enclosed table summarises M codes related to C-axis functions on one or two heads:

M80 C-axis activation (head1) C-axis mode is activated on head1M81 C-axis deactivation (head1) C-axis mode is deactivated on head1M280 C-axis activation (head2) C-axis mode is activated on head2M281 C-axis deactivation (head1) C-axis mode is deactivated on head2

M380 C-axis activation (head1) (SuperCap) C-axis mode is activated for head1. Used on SuperCap

M381 C-axis deactivation (head1). (SuperCap) C-axis mode is deactivated for head1. Used on SuperCap

M480 C-axis activation(head1 and head2 coupled)

C-axis mode is activatedon head1 and head2 coupled

M481 C-axis deactivation(head1 and head2 coupled)

C-axis mode is deactivatedon head1 and head2 coupled

10.1.1 M80, M81, M280 y M281 - Activation and deactivation of C-axis

When a command M80 is entered, C-axis operation is activated on the main head, or on the head1.

When a command M280 is entered, C-axis operation is activated for head2.

When a command M81 is entered, C-axis operation is deactivated for main head, or for head1.

When a command M281 is entered, C-axis operation is deactivated for head2.

Commands M80, M280, M81 and M281 can be only used on machines of M type Commands M280 and M281 can be only used on machines of SM type.

By programming command M80, M280 on automatic mode or MDI mode, head1 or head2 can be indexed to the required angular position in order to drill holes on the circular contour of the workpiece or on the end face.

On mode M80 or M280, head rotation can be controlled synchronically with tool movement in order to cut grooves or slots.


M80; ............. C-axis mode is activated on head1.M280; ........... C-axis mode is activated on head2.M81; ............. C-axis mode is deactivated on main head or on head1.M281; ........... C-axis mode is deactivated on head2.

For machines of SM series, chuck locking function is only enabled for the head for which the last M command has been programmed, provided that more than one M80 (C-axis activation for head1), M280 (C-axis activation for head2), M50 (brake activation for head1), and M250 (brake activation for head2) is programmed in a single block. Chuck locking function is nor enabled for other heads. Therefore, the machining operation must be performed with the head for which the last M command is programmed. If the machining operation is performed with other head, the powered tool will not be stopped even with jaws open, letting the workpiece to fall or be thrown out the chuck, causing personal injures or damages to the machine.

1- Stop the head (head1 and/or head2) by entering the command M05 (head1) or M205 (head2) before entering commands M80, M280. If any of the last parameters is entered with head1 or head2 rotating, the machine will be stopped and an alarm message (FM024) will be shown on the display.

2- Before entering command M81 or M281, the powered tool must be stopped by entering command M05 or M85. If any of these commands is entered when the powered tool is rotating, the machine will be stopped and the alarm message (FM025) will de shown on the display.

3- For machines of SMC series, deactivating C-axis function will not be necessary when changing this function from a head to the other head by means of M80 or M280.

4- For machines of SMC series, head1 or head2 will operate on C-axis mode when entering M80 or M280 respectively. To deactivate C-axis function on either head, only enter command M81 or M281 respectively, in case of each head.

5- For machines of SMC series, if machining operations are to be carried out with head2, C-axis must be returned to its “zero reference point” after completing the machining operations with head1.

COMMAND

COMMAND


10.1.2 M480 and M481 - Coupling of C-axes for head and subhead.

Function M480 is used for coupling C-axis movement for head and subhead. For instance, this function is used to perform C-axis operations with a workpiece simultaneously clamped on bot heads.

By entering M481 head coupling is disengaged.

Commands M480 and M481 can be only used on machines of SMC series.

M480; ........... C-axis mode is activated on both heads, head1 and head2.M481; ........... C-axis mode is deactivated on both heads, head1 and head2.

When C-axes on both heads are coupled, activating the hydraulic brake to lock head1 (M50) will only be permitted. Considering that this function is used to machine workpieces clamped on both heads, locking both heads will not be required.

1- Stop head, head1 or head2 by entering M05 (head1) and/or head2 by entering M205 before entering command M480. If the last command in entered when the head1 or head2 is rotating, the machine will be stopped and the alarm message (FM024) will be shown on the display.

2- Before entering command M481 you will need to stop the powered tool by entering M05 or M85 command. If command M481 is programmed when the powered tool is running, the machine will be stopped and the alarm message (FM025) will be shown on the display.

3- For machines of SMC series, when a command M480 is entered both heads, head1 and head2 will operate in C-axis mode. To rotate the heads, C-axis must be deactivated by means of M81 or M281 respectively, or by means of M481.


10.1.3 M380, M381, M303 and M304 - Activation and deactivation of C-axis with SuperCap.

When the control unit is provided with SuperCap tool, C-axis is activated by means of command M380, and then enter M303 or M304 to activate C-axis mode on head1 or head2 respectively.

Command M381 deactivated C-axis function on head1 or head2.

Commands M380 and M381 are only used on machines of SMC series provided with SUPERCAP tool.

M380; ........... C-axis mode is activated by means SuperCap.M381; ........... C-axis mode is activated by means SuperCap.M303; ........... When SuperCap is used, activates C-axis for head1 after

enabling C-axis mode by means of M380.M304; ........... When SuperCap is used, activates C-axis for head2 after

enabling C-axis mode by means of M380.

For machines of SMC series, chuck locking function is only valid for the head for which the last M function is entered, and provided that more than one M303 (activation of C-axis for head1), M304 (activation of C-axis for head2), M50 (head brake for head1), or M250 (head brake for head2), is entered in a single block. Therefore, the machining process must be carried out with the head corresponding to the M code entered in the program. If the machining operation is carried out with the other head, the powered tool will not be stopped, irrespective the jaws are open or not, so the workpiece could fall down or be thrown away the chuck, causing personal injures or damages to the machine.

1- For machines of SMC series, head1 or head2 will operate in C-axis mode if command M303 or M304, respectively, is entered in the program. To rotate head1 or head2, C-axis mode is disabled on head1 and head2 by entering the command M381.

2- For machines of SMC series, after using main head, C-axis must be returned to zero position before changing to the subhead, after using the main head.

COMMAND


10.2 G83 Programming of fixed front drilling cycle with powered tool

PROGRAM

O0004N10 G10 P0 Z-100;N20 T101 M8;N30 M80 (ACTIVATES C AXIS);N40 G98 G97 F80 M83 S800;N50 G0 C0;N60 X90 Z2;N70 G83 Z-10 Q5000 H90 K4 M50 F80 (ORDER OF BORING: 90º, 180º, 270º, 0º);ATENCIÓN: en machines with specification of “tenth of micron”, Q50000 must be set

instead of Q5000N80 G0 G80 X150 Z150 M5;N90 M81 (DEACTIVATES THE C AXIS);N100 M30;

First go to C0= position then rotate the head by the angle given by M command and finally perform the drilling operation. As the head is first rotated and then the drilling operation is carried out, C-axis position at the beginning must be advanced by a value equal to the angle given by H command. The number of K command indicates the number of holes and the angle given by H command indicates the rotation angle between a hole and the next one.

H distance between two holes in degrees.K number of holes.M50 strong braking on head.Q infeed interval.G83 start of drilling cycle.G80 end of drilling cycle.M5 stop of powered tool.

Numbers in brackets indicate the order in which holes are drilled.


By pressing F6 on the screen of CMZ main menu, you can gain access to a screen allowing you to select both tool holder and its own rotation direction. By this way, when M83 is entered, it is assumed that the tool holder will rotate in the proper direction.

ALTERNATIVE PROGRAM

This fixed drilling cycle can be programmed in the apparently more logic and simple sequence, ie, 0º - 90º - 180º - 270º. This cycle would be as follows:

PROGRAM

O0004N10 G10 P0 Z-100;N20 T101 M8;N30 M80 (ACTIVATES C AXIS);N40 G98 G97 F80 M83 S800;N50 G0 C0;N60 X90 Z2;N70 G83 Z-10 Q5000 M50 F80; ATTENTION: in machines with specification of “tenth of

micron”, Q50000 must be set instead of Q5000N80 C90;N90 C180;N100 C270 (BORING ORDER: 0º, 90º, 180º, 270º);N110 G0 G80 X150 Z150 M5;N120 M81 (DEACTIVATES C AXIS);N130 M30;

Numbers in brackets indicate the order in which holes are drilled.


10.3 G87 Programming of fixed axial drilling cycle with powered tool

3 HOLES SPACED 120º

PROGRAM

O0005N10 G10 P0 Z-120;N20 T303 M8;N30 M80 (ACTIVATES C AXIS);N40 G98 F100 M83 S900 G97;N50 G0C0;N60 X125 Z-15;N70 G87 X96 Q4500 H120 K3 M50 F100; ATTENTION: in machines with specification

of “tenth of micron”, Q45000 must be set instead of Q4500N80 G0 G80 X180 Z150 M5;N90 M81 (DEACTIVATES C AXIS);N100 M30;

In this case, the first position must be also advanced by the angle with respect to the first hole given by H command.


10.4 Programming of face milling with powered tool

This operation will be performed in two passes.

PROGRAM

O0009N10 G10 P0 Z-105;N20 T505 M8;N30 M80 (ACTIVATES C AXIS);N40 G98 F100 M84 S700 G97;N50 G0C0;N60 X110 Z2;N70 M98 P40020 (Calls subprogram “0020”, that Hill be executed 4 times);N80 G0 X200 Z100 M85;M90 M81 (DEACTIVATES C AXIS);M100 M30;


SUBPROGRAM O0020 FOR TBI.

N10 M50 (NORMAL PRESSURE BRAKE);N20 G1 Z-3 F50 (1st. PASS);N30 M52 (LOW PRESSURE BRAKE);N40 H25 F100;N50 M50;N60 Z-6 F50 (2ª PASS)N70 M52 (LOW PRESSURE BRAKE);N80 H-25 F100;G0 Z2 M51;N100 H90;N110 M99;

SUBPROGRAM O0020 FOR TL.

N10 M50 (NORMAL PRESSURE BRAKE);N20 G1 Z-3 F50 (1ST. PASS);N30 M51 (BRAKE);N40 H25 F100;N50 M50;N60 Z-6 F50 (2ND. PASS);N70 M51 (BRAKE);N80 H-25 F100;G0 Z2;N100 H90;N110 M99;

The weak brake is only useful with a significant force in applied by the milling cutter on the chuck. This force will depend on workpiece material and the machining operation itself. If no significant force is applied on the chuck, using the brake is not advisable, as otherwise this would result in a discontinuous (step to step) feed of milling cutter.


10.5 G112 Programming of interpolation cycle with powered tool and coordinate change from X/C to X/Y

SEN30º= A / 30 A=30xSEN30º=15mmCOS30ª= B / 30 B=30xCOS30º=25,98mm

Geometry data:

R 4T 9

PROGRAM

O0001N10 G10 P0 Z-95;N20 T101 (MILLING TOOL DIAMETER 8);N30 M80;N40 G98 F100 M83 S1000;N50 G0C0:N60 X80 Z-2;N70 G112 (ACTIVATES COORDENATES TRANSFORMATION);N80 G1 G42 X60 (P1) (G42 ACTIVATES TOOL COMPENSATION);N90 X30 C25,98 (P2)N100 X-30 (P3);N110 X-60 C0 (P4);N120 X-30 C-25,98 (P5);N130 X30 (P6);N140 X60 C0 (P1);N150 G40 X80 (G40 DEACTIVATES TOOL COMPENSATION);N160 G113 (DISABLESCOORDENATES TRANSFORMATION);N170 M53 (ONLY IN TBI)N180 M5;N190 M81;N200 G0 X150 Z150 M30;


10.6 G112 Programming of C-axis with coordinate change from X/C to X/Y

PROGRAM

O0033

N5 T101 (SELECTION OF MILLING TOOL);N10 M80 (ACTIVATION OF C AXIS);N15 M83 S1000 G98 F100 G97 (DEFINITION OF CUTTING COORDENATES);N20 G0C0N25 G0 X120 Z-1N30 G112 COORDENATES TRANSFORMATION);N35 M52 (LOW PRESSURE BRAKE, ONLY IN TBI);N40 G42 G1 X80 (P2);N45 X40 C30 (P3);N50 X-100 (P4);N55 G2 X-100 C-30 R30 (P5);N60 G1 X40;N65 X80 C0;N70 G40 X120;N75 G113 (DEACTIVATIÓN OF COORDENATES TRANSFORMATION);N80 G0 X150 Z100;N85 M53 (DEACTIVATES LOW PRESSURE BRAKE, ONLY IN TBI);N90 M81 (DEACTIVATES C AXIS);N95 M5 (STOPS DRIVEN TOOL);N100 M30;


10.7 Example of rigid front tapping with powered tool

This tapping operation is only performed on machines equipped with powered tool.

This example describes a rigid tapping operation for three holes spaced 120º.

PROGRAM

O0001;

N10 T101 M5;N20 M80 (ACTIVATION OF CAXIS);N30 G0 C0 (POSITIONING OF C AXIS AND ACTIVATION OF SPINDLE BRAKE);N40 X50 Z4 (POSITIONING AT FIRST POINT OF THREADING CYCLE);N50 G384 H12 F1 S800 D800 M50 T2 (FIRST HOLE THREADING CYCLE);N60 G384 C120 (POSITIONING AT SECOND HOLE AND THREADING CYCLE);N70 G384 C240 (POSITIONING AT THIRD HOLE AND THREADING CYCLE);N80 G380 (END OF CYCLE);N90 G0 X100 Z50 M81N100 M30;


10.8 Example of front drilling and tapping with powered tool


PROGRAM

N10 M5;N20 T303 (BORING TOOL 8,5MM DIÁMETER);N30 M80 (ACTIVATION OF C AXIS);N40 G98 F80 M83 DS500 G97;N50 G0C0;N60 X90 Z5;N70 G83 Z-10 Q5000 H90 K4 M50 F80 (FOUR HOLES BORING IN ORDER 2-3-4-1);

ATTENTION: in machines with specification “tenth of micron” Q50000 must be set instead of Q5000

N80 G80 (DISABLES BORING FIXED CYCLE);N90 G0 X200 Z200 M85 (STOPS DRIVEN TOOL);N100 M81 (DEACTIVATES CAXIS);N110 T606 (THREADING TOOL);N120 M80 (ACTIVATES C AXIS);N130 G98 G97 F80 M83;N140 G0 C0;N150 X90 Z5;N160 G384 H10 S300 D300 M50 T2 F1,5 (RIGID TAPPING CYCLE AT (1));N170 G384 C90 (RIGID TAPPING CYCLE AT (2));N180 G384 C180 (RIGID TAPPING CYCLE AT (3));N190 G384 C270 (RIGID TAPPING CYCLE AT (4));N200 G380 (DISABLES FIXED CYCLE);N230 G0 X200 Z200 M85 (REMOVE AND STOP OF DRIVEN TOOL);N240 M81 (DEACTIVATION OF C AXIS);N250 G99;


10.9 Example of rigid radial tapping (side) with powered tool

This tapping operation is only performed on machines equipped with powered tool.

This example describes a rigid tapping operation for two holes spaced 180º.

PROGRAM

O0001;

N10 T101 M5;N20 M80 (ACTIVATION OF C AXIS);N30 G0 C0 (POSITIONING OF C AXIS);N40 X60 Z-10 (POSITIONING AT THREADING CYCLE STARTING POINT);N50 G384 H30 F1 S800 D800 M50 T1 (FIRST HOLE THREADING CYCLE);N60 G384 C180 (POSITIONING AT SECOND HOLE AND THREADING CYCLE);N70 G380 (END OF CYCLE);N80 G0 X100 Z50 M81N90 M30


10.10 Example of machining two interfaces with machining tool

Milling radius compensation must be always used in this type of programs.In this case we are using a milling cutter of diameter 10.Therefore, on the correction table, enter Radius = 5 and Tool type = 9.

PROGRAM

N10 T010 (MILLING TOOL DIAMETER 10);N20 M80;N30 G98 M83 S100 F100;N40 G0C0X20 Z-1,3 (IN TBI MACHINES, M52 IS ADDED, LOW PRESSURE SPINDLE BRAKE);N50 G112;N60 G1 G42 X10 C1,5 F300 (P1);N70 X-8 F100 (P2);N80 C-1,5 F2000 (P3);N90 X8 F100 (P4);N100 G40 X20 F600;N110 G113;N120 M53 (ONLY IN TBI MACHINES, DEACTIVATES SPINDLE BRAKE);N130 G0 X150 Z100 M85;N140 M81;N150 M30;


10.11 Example of machining a square using a powered tool

Tool selection and approach to start point operations are omitted and they must be determined by the programmer.

PROGRAM

N10...;N20...;N30 G112 C45;N40 G0 Z-39,4;N50 G1 G42 X16 C4.42 F1000;N60 X-18 F80;N70 C-4,42 F1000;N80 X17 F80;N90 G40 X80 F1000;N100 G113;N110 M30


10.12 Example of bevelling two squares, one with the main head and the other with the subhead

Approach operation is omitted. The programmer is responsible for entering correct values.

PROGRAM

;SPINDLE SIDEN1O T1010 M8;N20 M80 (ACTIVATION OF C AXIS IN SPINDLE);N30 M83 G97 G98 S600 F100;N40 G0 X50 Z-22 C0 (in spindle, the movement in Z axis is in NEGATIVE sense);N50 G112;N60 G1 G42 X27 C9,75 F800;N70 X-27 F100N80 C-9,75 F2000;N90 27 F100;N100 G40 X40 F2000;N110 G113;N120 M5;N130 M81;N140 M30

;SUBSPINDLE SIDE

N1O T1010 M8;N20 M280 (ACTIVACIÓN DE EJE C EN SUBCABEZAL);N30 M83 G97 G98 S600 F100;N40 G0 X50 Z22 C0 (in subspindle, movement in Z axis is in POSITIVE sense);N50 G112;N60 G1 G42 X27 C9,75 F800;N70 X-27 F100N80 C-9,75 F2000;N90 27 F100;N100 G40 X40 F2000;N110 G113;N120 M5;N130 M81;N140 M30


11. FUNCTIONS TO SHORTEN CYCLE TIME

The functions described below are used to shorten the time of operations that, while required for machining a part, would extend the whole process.

11.1 M316 Unlocking the turret on out position

The turret on models TB, TL and TBI520 is of servo type with hydraulic locking. This means that toolholder disc rotation is driven by a servomotor controlled from the NC unit and that toolholder disc is locked on turret body by means of a hydraulic system.

Because of this, the turret must be unlocked before rotating toolholder disc. Also, the turret must be locked after rotating toolholder disc to the required position.

Neither the locking operation nor the unlocking operation are instantaneous, but require some time.

By means of function M316, the servo-turret is unlocked while moved out the workpiece to tool change position and locked while moved toward the workpiece after the tool is changed.

Application example:

Program without M316

N10 G10 P0 Z-100N20 T101N30 G50 S2500N40 G96 S200 G99 F0,25 M3 M8 M200N50 G0 X70 Z0N60 G1 X-1N70 G0 X150 Z100 M316 (the turret is moved to the position (150,100) in which the tool will be changed; as no function M316 is entered, the turret will be unlocked after reaching this position).N80 T202N90 G0 X68 Z1 (after rotated and locked, the turret is returned to the position in which the machining operation is started);N91 G1 Z-50 F0.3...

Program with M316:

O001 (M316 example);N10 G10 P0 Z-100;N20 T101;N30 G50 S2500;N40 G96 S200 G99 F0,25 M3 M8 M200;N50 G0 X70 Z0;N60 G1 X-1;N70 G0 X150 Z100 M316 (by means of the instructions in this line, the turret is moved to the position (150,100) in which the tool is changed; as a function M316 is entered, the turret will be unlocked while moving);N80 T202;N90 G0 X68 Z1 (after the rotation is completed, the turret is moved to the position in which the machining operation is started and locked while moving);N91 G1 Z-50 F0.3;...

The sum of locking and unlocking times is saved as a result of function M316, as these operations are performed while the turret is being moved.


11.2 Programming three M functions in a single block

Machine models TB, TL and TBI520 equipped with Fanuc i-TB series control units enable simultaneously executing three M functions.

This means that the three M functions are executed at the same time, irrespective the order in which they are programmed. The total time required to execute the three M functions will be equal to the time required to execute the slower one.

Those functions which require to be executed that a function in the same block will be previously executed must not be entered in the same block.

For instance, neither “M80 M83” nor “M81 M85” must be entered in the same block, as M83 and M85 require that M80 and M81 respectively will be previously executed.

M30, M0, M1, M2, M301, M302, M303, M304 y M29 functions must be required as the first M function of all three functions.

Do not enter “M70 M30”, but “M30 M70” (cycle end and door opening).

11.3 Using G97 to ensure the head reaching the required rotation speed

If G96 is entered, cutting speed will be constant. This means that, for small turning diameters, the head will reach high rotation speeds.

If when turning a small diameter a tool change is required, the turret should be moved out from the workpiece to the position in which the tool is changed. The head will be decelerated because this turret movement is carried out without specifying the speed. Consequently, when the turret returns to the position in which a small diameter is turned, the head will be accelerated until the speed required for turning this small diameter is reached.

By entering function G97 together with the required head speed, the required head rotation speed is maintained while both moving the turret out the workpiece and returning it to the workpiece, thus reducing the time required to accelerate the head.


For example:

N10 G10 P0 Z-103;N20 T101 (surfacing);N30 G50 S3500 (R.P.M. limit);N40 G96 G99 S200 F.25 M4 M200 M8;N50 G0 X45 Z0 (APROXIMATIÓN);N60 G1 X-2 (SURFACING REACHES 3500 RPM)N70 G0 X150 Z150 G97 S3500 M316(CONSTANT TURNING SPEED 3500);N80 T303;N90 G0 X20 Z1 (APROXIMATION);N100 G96 G99 S200 F.25 M4 M200 M8 (G96 IS PROGRAMMED AGAIN, BUT SPINDLE IS

ALREADY TURNING AT PROGRAMMED SPEED);N110...........

11.4 Using M318 to change tower position while axes are being moved.

By default, tower position is changed after all axes are moved to programmed position. However, by using M318 code, you can change tower position before all axis movements are completed.

As M318 enables tower movement while the axes are being moved, you should keep in mind that a collision between the workpiece and tool holding disc could occur if machine movements are incorrectly programmed. Before starting a new cycle, make sure that any interference between movements is prevented.

11.5 Eliminating the waiting time at the end of M3, M4 or M5

When M3, M4 or M5 is entered in a block, this block will remain in execution status until the end of M function This end is reached when the head reaches the programmed revolution speed.To eliminate this delay, enter a small S together with M4 and a larger S in next block. Changing S value will not stop the block being executed until a cutting movement is read (ie G1, G2, etc).

Example (slow version): Quicker version More quicker versionT101 T101 G97 S50 M4 F0.2G97 S3500 M4 F0.2 G97 S50 M4 F0.2 S3500G0 X0 Z2 G0 X0 Z2 S3500 T101

G0 X0 Z2

12. OTHER PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES

The examples below correspond to programs commonly used and can facilitate the programming of machining operations on similar workpieces.

12.1 Example of G72 executing an internal roughing cycle


PROGRAM

N10 T606;N20 G50 S1800;N30 G96 S250 G99 F0,2 M3;N40 G0 X28 Z1;N50 G72 W2,5 R0,5;N60 G72 P1000 Q1100 U-1 W0,1 F0,2;N70 G1 Z-28 F0,35;N80 X181 F0,15;N90 Z1;N100 G0 X200 Z100;N110 M30


12.2 Example of machining a pulley with inclined grooves Using G75 Grooving cycle


PROGRAMN10 T505;N20 G96 S140 M3 F0,15;N30 G0 X302 Z-29,4;N40 G75 R0,2;

N50 G75 S244,1 Z-19,6 P8000 Q3600 F0,15; ATTENTION: in machines with specifiication of “tenth of micron”·, P80000 and Q36000 must be set instead of P8000 y Q3600

N60 G0 W-3,5 (starting point for the left inclined wall);N70 G1 X300;N80 X250 W3,5;N90 G0 X302;N100 W-7N110 G1 X300;N120 X250 W7;N130 G0 X302;N140 W9,1;N150 G1 X300;N160 X244,1 Z-29,4;N170 G0 X302;N180 Z-19,4;N190 W3,5;N200 G1 X300;N210 X250 W-3,5;N220 G0 X302;N230 W7;N240 G1 X300;N250 X250 W-7;N260 G0 X302;N270 W9,1;N280 G1 300;N290 X244 Z-19,6;N300 Z-29,4;N310 G0 X302;N320 X350 Z200 M30

12.3 Example of machining a circular groove without using the grooving cycle

In this example the machining operations include facing, axial drilling andcutting plus cylindrical grooving.

PROGRAM

N10 T101 (GROOVING);N20 G50 S1500;N30 G96 G99 S120 F0,1 M3;N40 G0 X108 Z-36,5;N50 G75 R0,5;N60 G75 X91 W25 P5000 Q2500 F0,1 (FIRST ROUGHING);

ATTENTION: in machines with specification of “tenth of micron”, P50000 and Q25000 must be set instead of P5000 and Q2500

N70 G0 X93 Z-32,5;N80 G75 R0,5;N90 G75 X83 W17 P2000 Q2500 F0,1 (SECOND ROUGHING);

ATTENTION: in machines with specification of “tenth of micron” P20000 and Q25000 must be set instead of P2000 and Q2500

N100 G0 X85 Z-28;N110 G75 R0,5;N120 G75 X79 W8 P2000 Q2500 F0,1 (THIRD ROUGHING);

ATTENTION: in machines with specification of “tenth of micron” P50000 and Q25000 must be set instead of P5000 and Q2500

N130 G0 X150;N140 X250 Z150;N150 T202 (ROUND, TYPE 8, RADIUS 8);N160 G96 G99 S120 M3 F0,15;N170 G0 G42 X115 Z-7,5;N180 G1 X106;N190 G2 X106 Z-37,5 R15;N200 G1 X110;N210 G0 G40 X115 Z10;N220 G42 X106 Z5;N230 G1 Z-7;N240 G2 X106 Z-38 R15,5;N250 G1 Z-45;N260 X110;N270 G0 G40 X200 Z150 M30


12.4 Example of machining a circular groove using the grooving cycle

In this case, all roughing cycles will not permit tool compensation. The approach operation is omitted, as the programmer depending of tool used should determine it.

PROGRAM

N10 T101 (GROOVING);N20 G50 S1500;N30 G96 G99 S120 F0,1 M3;N40 G0 X108 Z-36,5;N50 G75 R0,5;N60 G75 X91 W25 P5000 Q2500 F0,1 (FIRST ROUGHING);

ATTENTION: in machines with specification of “tenth of micron”, P50000 and Q25000 must be set instead of P5000 y Q2500

N70 G0 X93 Z-32,5;N80 G75 R0,5;N90 G75 X83 W17 P2000 Q2500 F0,1 (SECOND ROUGHING);

ATTENTION: in machines with specification of “tenth of micron”, P20000 and Q25000 must be set instead of P2000 and Q2500

N100 G0 X85 Z-28;N110 G75 R0,5;N120 G75 X79 W8 P2000 Q2500 F0,1 (THIRD ROUGHING);

ATTENTION: in the machines with specification of “tenth of micron”, P50000 and Q25000 must be set instead of P5000 and Q2500

N130 G0 X150;N140 X250 Z150;N150 T202 (ROUND, TYPE 8, RADIUS 8);N160 G96 G99 S120 M3 F0,15;N170 G0 G42 X115 Z-7,5;N180 G1 X106;N190 G2 X106 Z-37,5 R15;N200 G1 X110;N210 G0 G40 X115 Z10;

N220 G42 X106 Z5;N230 G1 Z-7;N240 G2 X106 Z-38 R15,5;N250 G1 Z-45;N260 X110;N270 G0 G40 X200 Z150 M30;


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