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Environmental Studies 4

Kamaldeep JindalM.Sc. Physics, B.Ed. PGT (DPS Sonepat)

Environm

ental Studie

s

HOLY FAITH INTERNATIONAL (P) LTD.

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The Hummingbird series of Primary Books from I to V are based on National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2005 and the new Syllabi for classes at the Elementary Level.

In the guidelines some of the objectives of teaching the different subjects at primary stage are:

• to train children to locate and comprehend relationships between the natural, social and cultural environment;

• to nurture the curiosity and creativity of the child particularly in relation to the natural environment;

• to develop an awareness about environmental issues;

• to engage the child in exploratory and hands-on activities.

The Hummingbird series focus on themes that allow for a connected and interrelated understanding to develop and trigger the child’s thinking in new directions. They connect knowledge to the child’s life outside the classroom and also provide an overall development of children.

The series comprises of textbooks on:

MATHEMATICS Children need to develop a positive attitude towards and a liking for Mathematics at the primary stage, along with the cognitive skills and concepts that they acquire. The content includes Mathematical games, puzzles and stories that help in making connections between Mathematics and everyday thinking.

ENGLISH An integrated approach to the teaching of language is of particular relevance at the primary level. The books address different skills of language, namely listening, speaking, reading and writing, which focus on across the curriculum approach through a variety of genres – poems, stories, role-plays and drama to develop the language skills creatively.

SCIENCE Science education should develop competence and encourage inventiveness and creativity. The textbooks incorporate activities, observation, experimentation and encourage an active approach to science, connecting it to the world around the child, rather than information based learning.

SOCIAL SCIENCE The textbooks provide the social, cultural and analytical skills required to adjust to an increasingly interdependent world. The focus of the books is on a conceptual understanding rather than lining up facts to be memorized.

ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Environmental Studies is a subject dealing with Man’s relation to his whole environment, viz. his surroundings, his home, his neighbourhood, his city or town, extending ever outward. The books contextualize the relevance of the subject and bring it to life.

The textbooks present the subjects in a clear, concise, logical and chronological manner. It is expected that this new series will inspire the children to analyse, demonstrate and transform their world view.

Preface

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UNIT-I1. Family and Relations 1-62. Fun and Play 7-12

UNIT-II3. Animals 13-18 4. Plants 19-25 5. Flowers 26-316. Teeth, Beaks and Feet 32-387. Animal Shelter 39-45

CONTENTS

UNIT-IV9. Types of Houses 53-58

10. Sense Organs 59-63

11. Human Tongue and Teeth 64-68

UNIT-III8. Food 46-52

U1.2222.

U3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

U9.

10

11

8

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UNIT-V12. Animals for Transport 69-73

13. Paying for Travel 74-80

14. Buildings and Bridges 81-87

UNIT-VI15. Water 88-93

16. Sources of Water 94-100

UNIT-VII17. Waste Disposal 101-107

18. Occupations 108-113

19. Mapping Our Neighbourhood 114-120

UN12

113

111114

U1

1

U17

18

19

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Family and Relations 1

Learning Objectives 7 Family

7 New born baby

7 Marriage

7 Adoption

7 Family values

7 Festivals and family gatherings

All family members are related to each other by birth or by marriage. Some relatives are from father's side while some others are from mother's side.

FAMILY

In earlier times, people used to live in joint family, where male members of the family followed the occupations of their parents and grandparents. But in recent era, the joint family system has underwent a series of changes. Now, people prefer to live in a nuclear family. This habit has changed the meaning of a family.

7 Ask your mother to tell you something about her childhood.

ACTIVITY

NEW BORN BABY

Before the birth, a baby develops inside the mother’s abdomen. The abdominal part in which a baby develops is called womb. After birth, a baby is fully dependent on mother’s milk for a few months. Mother always keeps the baby near her and protects it from all the dangers. A new born baby extends the size of a family and becomes a part of it. Every person loves and welcomes the baby.

Family and RelationsUnit I

Chapter 1

A family

New born baby

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2 Family and Relations

MARRIAGE

A man and a woman get married to each other. They come together to form a new family and are called married couple. They are related to each other as husband and wife.

My family Tree

Brother, me and sister

Paternal grandfather and grandmother

FatherAunt UncleUncle Aunt

Cousins Cousins

Maternal grandfather and grandmother

AuntUncleUncleAuntMother

Cousins Cousins

ADOPTION

When a couple raises a child who is not born in their family, such a child is called an adopted child. The parents look after the child as their own and are called foster parents. Adoption is a kind deed. Some children who lose their parents in an accident or any other calamities are brought to an orphanage and the couples who want to adopt children come to an orphanage to adopt a child.

Adopted child

Adoption is a legal pro-cess in which a couple get responsibilities to look after a child who is not born in their family.

GO FACT

7 Make a family tree and write the names of all your family members along with your relation with them.

ACTIVITY

Married couple

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Family and Relations 3

FAMILY VALUES

Every family has its own values which are followed by all family members. Some of the family values are mentioned below:

• We should always speak the truth and follow the rules made by the family and the society.

• We should not fight with our siblings, classmates and others.

• We should take meals together with our family members.

• We should always greet everybody in the morning and at night.

• We should be kind to other living beings including plants and animals.

• We should always help the needy person.

• We should never laugh or mock at anybody.

• Do not damage or steal things from others.

Gender and earning capacity

In ancient times, only male members of the family used to earn money. Ladies were not allowed to work outside home. Hence, males dominated and took all the family decisions. In modern times, this culture has changed. Now, women are also working outside home as a teacher, doctor, pilot, driver, engineer, etc., and are earning money for their families. They have an equal and important participation in decision making.

Caste and religious concepts

Caste and religious approach greatly impact the family values which are transferred through generations within a family. Family passes principles and values to future generations through their customs, traditions and rituals.

FESTIVALS AND FAMILY GATHERINGS

All family members gather to celebrate the festivals and occasions.

1. Birthdays

Whenever there is a birthday in the family we generally give birthday party. We call our friends and relatives. They wish the birthday boy/girl and give presents. The birthday boy/girl blows off the candles and cuts the cake, while the other people sing birthday song and clap.

Birthday party

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4 Family and Relations

2. Wedding

Wedding ceremony is one of the biggest occasions for a family to celebrate.We invite all the relatives and friends to attend and participate in the marriage ceremony and to bless the newly wed couple.

3. Wedding anniversary

Wedding anniversaries are the dates on which the wedding of a couple of our family took place. On this day, friends and relatives wish the couple for a long and happy married life.

4. Different festivals

Various types of festivals are celebrated by the people of different religions. We all celebrate our festivals and celebrations with joy and fun. All family members gather to celebrate festivals.

KEYWORDS

Occupation: doing a job or profession.

Calamities: an event that brings terrible loss.

Orphanage: a public institution for the care and protection of children without parents.

Mock: to express scorn or ridicule.

SUMMARY

7 We have relatives from both fater's and mother's side.

7 A new born baby extends the size of a family.

7 Every family has its own values which are followed by all family members.

7 Birthdays and wedding ceremonies are family celebrations.

7 We celebrate various types of festivals and celebrations with our family members.

Wedding ceremony

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Family and Relations 5

EXERCISES

Summative assessment

A. Multiple choice questions.

1. Who extends the size of a family?

(a) New born baby (b) Father

(c) Mother (d) Brother

2. When do all the family members gather at home to celebrate?

(a) Birthdays (b) Wedding ceremony

(c) Wedding anniversaries (d) All of these

3. A newly married couple is related to each other as

(a) Brother and sister (b) Adopted couple

(c) Cousins (d) Husband and wife

4. Friends and guests sing birthday song at

(a) Birth of a new born baby (b) Birthday

(c) Marriage (d) Marriage anniversary

B. Fill in the blanks.

new born baby, womb, gather, adopted child

1. All family members ______________ to celebrate these festivals.

2. A child who is adopted by a couple is called ______________.

3. The abdominal part in which a baby gets developed is called ______________.

4. ______________ become a source of joy for all family members.

C. Answer the following.

1. What is marriage?

2. What is adoption?

3. How does a mother help a newborn baby?

4. Write any five family values.

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Formative assessment

A. Match the following.

Column A Column BOrphan Birthday party

Foster parents New born baby

Mother’s milk Orphanage

Candles and cake Adopted child

B. True or false.

1. Wedding is not a family celebration.

2. Birthdays and wedding anniversaries are celebrated by all family members.

3. We should always lie and steal other’s things.

4. Family members are related to each other by birth or by marriage.

5. We should always help the needy person.

C. Oral questions.

1. Do all the members of your family live with you?

2. Who looks after the adopted child?

FUN ZONE

Gather all your friends together and play antakshari. You can also play the game of story telling. Each one of you can narrate a story one by one.

Collective assessment

Project

Paste pictures of your family members in your scrapbook and write their names and relation with you.

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Fun and Play 7

Learning Objectives 7 Games at school and home

7 Rules and restriction of games

7 Recreations

7 Fairs

7 Circus

Games are physical activities which are very important for us. These activities make us active, strong and healthy. After doing hard work we all need rest and some fun, so as to refresh our body and mind. The activities that allow the body and mind to rest and recover from hard work are known as recreational activities.

GAMES AT SCHOOL

Schools provide the opportunity for other activities along with education, which helps in the overall development of the students. For this, every school appoints physical education teacher who teaches students the correct ways of exercising and rules for playing games. These help the students in becoming both mentally and physically fit and strong.Children play different games at school such as cricket, basketball, badminton, volleyball, football, etc., with their classmates. The schools provide all the required sports materials for playing different games. Games at school helps building up the team spirit, a sense of unity and brotherhood among students, without any discrimination of caste and gender. It also gives them strength to face challenges and helps them to inculcate a healthy competitive spirit.

GAMES AT HOME

During holidays, children play different games with their friends and siblings in

Fun and PlayUnit I

Chapter 2

Playing game in school

19th ‘Commonwealth Games’ were held in New Delhi in 2010.

GO FACT19th ‘Commonwealth

GO FACT

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8 Fun and Play

Playing at home

their home and neighbourhood. They play cricket, kabaddi, hockey, badminton, tennis, etc. Small children play hopscotch, hide and seek, blindfold, etc. Chess, snake and ladder, ludo, carrom, etc., are some of the indoor games that children love to play with their friends and family.

RULES AND RESTRICTIONS OF GAMES

All games whether they are indoor or outdoor, should be played by their set of rules. The rules of the games should be followed by each and every player, so that the games are played fairly. The spirit of game is lost if the players cheat or do not follow the rules. Good players always follow and obey the rules of the games. Sometimes players negotiate or fight with each other while playing. These are a part of games. Whenever such situations occur, players should take the help of match referee or umpire. Umpires or referees are those people, whose work is to see that the game is played fairly, i.e., according to the rules and regulations.

7 Narrate a story on your favourite game. Write the game rules and names of the five players who belong to the game.

ACTIVITY

RECREATIONS

Some activities like listening to music, reading a story book, painting, clay modelling, origami, etc. are known as recreational activities. These activities are often done for enjoyment, amusement or pleasure and are considered as fun. Playing games is a good way to refresh our mind and body as well as to spend time with friends and family.

7 Visit a doll museum and observe different types of doll. Draw the picture of two dolls which you like the most and colour them.

ACTIVITY

Clay modeling

Every year the ‘Surajkund Craft Mela’ is held at Surajkund, in Haryana.

GO FACTEvery year the

GO FACT

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Fun and Play 9

FAIRS

Fairs are held on some special occasions in cities, towns and villages. People visit a fair for fun and entertainment. There are different rides and games in fairs. Children enjoy by swinging and riding on trains and cars. There are many shops and stalls from which people buy different things. People purchase various household things and other items from the stalls in fairs. In towns and cities, fairs often take the shape of fetes or carnivals.

CIRCUS

Circus is generally a travelling company of performers which include clowns, acrobats, trained animals, trapeze acts, musicians, tightrope walkers and other stunt-oriented artists. Acrobats and trapeze artists do daring acts. Jokers are the most attractive performers in a circus. Some trained animals like tiger, elephant, monkey, bear, parrot, etc., are also interesting. Exciting activities are performed by human beings and animals in a circus. The fire eating and knife throwing acts are very exciting to watch.

7 Make a kite using colourful paper and decorative materials. In your note book write all the materials that you used while making the kite.

ACTIVITY

KEYWORDS

Negotiate: to try to reach an agreement by formal discussion.

Umpire: a person who watches a game and make sure that rules are not broken.

Origami: the Japanese art of folding paper into attractive shapes.

Acrobats: an entertainer who performs difficult acts such as balancing on a high rope in a circus.

Trapeze: an act performed while the trapeze swings.

SUMMARY

7 Games are physical activities which make us active, strong and healthier.

Fair

Circus

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10 Fun and Play

7 Recreational activities are often done for enjoyment, amusement or pleasure.

7 Children play different games in their school with their classmates.

7 The rules of the games should be followed by each and every player.

7 The spirit of game is lost if the players cheat or do not follow the rules.

7 Fairs are held on some special occasions in cities, towns and villages. People buy different

things in fair.

7 Circus is generally a travelling company of performers which include clowns, acrobats, trained

animals, trapeze artists, etc.

EXERCISES

Summative assessment

A. Multiple choice questions.

1. Which one of these is not a recreational activity?

(a) Playing (b) Dancing

(c) Watching TV (d) Doing home work

2. Which is the most attractive performer in a circus for children?

(a) Jokers (b) Monkey

(c) Acrobats (d) Musicians

3. Which one of these is an indoor game?

(a) Cricket (b) Football

(c) Hockey (d) Carrom

4. Who sees that the game is played fairly according to the rules?

(a) Players (b) Umpire

(c) Game teacher (d) All of these

B. Fill in the blanks.

recreational, playing, swings, clay modelling, snake and ladder

1. _______________ is good way to spend time with our friends.

2. The activities that refresh our mind and body are known as _______________ activities.

3. Children enjoy by riding on _______________ and cars in fairs.

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Humming Bird Environmental Studies-4

Publisher : MBD GroupPublishers

ISBN : 9789351809678 Author : Kamaldeep Jindal

Type the URL : http://www.kopykitab.com/product/12327

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