CMSC434 Week 03 | Lecture 06 | Sept 18, 2014 Understanding … · 2014-09-23 · HALL OF SHAME: QUITTING SKYPE Users should not have to wonder whether different words, situations,

Human Computer Interaction Laboratory

@jonfroehlich Assistant Professor Computer Science

CMSC434 Introduction to Human-Computer Interaction

Week 03 | Lecture 06 | Sept 18, 2014

Understanding Users I (Continued)

TODAY

1. Logistics

2. Observation

3. In-Class Activity

4. IDEO User Research Method Cards

5. Team work (if time)

14 People Have Done This

You Should Too!

Individual Assignment (IA)

Group Project Assignment (TA)

Reading Assignment (R)

Event/Holiday

Lecture (L)

Hall of Fame Hall of Shame

Hall of Fame Hall of Shame

If your submission is chosen for class, you will get up to double the points!

HALL OF SHAME: QUITTING SKYPE Consistency is one of Jakob Nielsen’s 10 Usability Heuristics for User Interface Design

Jakob Nielsen

One of the most well-known “UI Experts” We’ll learn more about him throughout semester

Source: http://www.nngroup.com/articles/ten-usability-heuristics/

HALL OF SHAME: QUITTING SKYPE

Users should not have to wonder whether different words,

situations, or actions mean the same thing. Follow platform

conventions.

Consistency is one of Jakob Nielsen’s 10 Usability Heuristics for User Interface Design

Jakob Nielsen

One of the most well-known “UI Experts” We’ll learn more about him throughout semester

Source: http://www.nngroup.com/articles/ten-usability-heuristics/

HALL OF SHAME: QUITTING SKYPE

Normally when you think of “bad design”, you think of the

creator as being sloppy or lazy but with no ill intent. This type

of bad design is known as a “UI anti-pattern”. Dark Patterns

are different – they are not mistakes, they are carefully

crafted with a solid understanding of human psychology, and

they do not have the user’s interests in mind.

Harry Brignull

Independent User Experience Designer

Curates darkpatterns.org

ANYONE TRIED IOS8? WHAT DID YOU THINK?

user research

methods

User Research Methods

Formative Summative Build

Ethnography

Interviews

Surveys

Cultural Probes

Focus Groups

Diary Studies

Experience Sampling Studies

Studying Similar Products

Interaction Logging of Past Product /

Early Prototype

Studying Past Product Documentation

…

Ethnography

Interviews

Surveys

Focus Groups

Diary Studies


Interaction Logging

…

Surveys Video Ethnography

Focus Groups Observational

Techniques

Statistical

Macro techniques

(many people)

Micro techniques

(few people)

Interpretive

Saying Doing Explicit opportunities and needs Latent opportunities and needs

[Designing Interactions by Bill Moggridge, 2007]

Source: Designing Interactions by Bill Moggridge, 2007

USER RESEARCH

METHODS

observation



Ethnography

Interviews

Surveys

Cultural Probes

Focus Groups

Diary Studies



Interaction Logging of Past Product /

Early Prototype

Studying Past Product Documentation

…

Design Thinking 60 Minutes, January 2013

Source: http://goo.gl/SPwdPE

YogiBerra MLB Player / Quote Machine

“You can observe a

lot by just watching”

Why can’t we

just ask users

what they

want?

USERS’ WORDS ARE UNRELIABLE

People are notoriously bad at predicting what

they would use or would prefer when it is only

hypothetical

They can much better respond to actual,

concrete things, or make comparisons

This highlights the importance

of observation and of prototypes!

Plus x2…

“It’s not the consumers’

job to know what they

want.”

SteveJobs Designer / Inventor / Creative Genius

“If I had asked my

customers what they

wanted,

HenryFord Inventor / Car Salesman

“If I had asked my

customers what they

wanted, they would

have said a faster

horse.”

HenryFord Inventor / Car Salesman

So, often it’s better to

watch what people do

than to only design

solely for what they

say

What’s wrong with the measuring cup?

Alex Lee , Oxo Design Process and Products, GEL2008, http://vimeo.com/3200945

Nobody mentioned that this is a

problem because this is an accepted

part of the process of measuring.

Alex Lee OXO International, President


Nobody mentioned that this is a

problem because this is an accepted

part of the process of measuring.

We are happy when we see this

problem, this clear inefficiency that

nobody articulates.

Alex Lee OXO International, President


Show us how you measure.


The Role of Ethnography in Design

In anthropology, ethnography developed as a

way to explore the everyday realities of

people living in small-scale, non-Western

societies and to make understandings of those

realities available to others.

Mark Burrell Psychologist

Microsoft Corporation

Blomberg and Burrell, An Ethnographic Approach to Design, The HCI Handbook, 2007, p966

Jeanette Blomberg Anthropologist

IBM Research

Today, the ethnographic approach is not limited

to investigations of small-scale societies, but

instead is applied to the study of people and

social groups in specific settings within large

industrialized societies, such as workplaces, senior

centers, and schools…

Mark Burrell Psychologist

Microsoft Corporation

Blomberg and Burrell, An Ethnographic Approach to Design, The HCI Handbook, 2007, p966

Jeanette Blomberg Anthropologist

IBM Research

Pimentel, Big Blue to expand viewpoint / Research center to add nontechnical specialists to staff, San Francisco Chronicle, Oct 21, 2003

Pimentel, Big Blue to expand viewpoint / Research center to add nontechnical specialists to staff, San Francisco Chronicle, Oct 21, 2003

Holistic: tiny details into big picture context;

attempt to look at things broadly—understand

context

Natural settings: Directly observe in the things

that you’re trying to study

Descriptive: focus on recording behavior—

analysis comes later

THE 3 PRINCIPLES OF ETHNOGRAPHY

Ellen Isaacs Ethnography at TEDxBroadway

Source: http://youtu.be/nV0jY5VgymI



Ethnography

Interviews

Surveys

Cultural Probes

Focus Groups

Diary Studies



Interaction Logging

Studying Prior Product Documentation

…

In teams of four:

• Identify benefits of method

• Identify drawbacks of method

IDEO METHOD CARDS

Available from William Stout publishers ($49)

Slide adapted from Julie Kientz and Leah Findlater

http://www.stoutbooks.com/cgi-bin/stoutbooks.cgi/61457.html

Fly on the Wall A Day in the Life Shadowing Personal

Inventory


LOOK AT WHAT USERS REALLY DO

ASK USERS TO HELP

Collage Conceptual

Landscape

Card Sort

Cognitive Maps


Cultural

Probe

PROBES

Cultural Probes allows researchers to supplement the

understandings developed through ethnographic research in

situations where intrusion and disruption are likely to arise.

in Crabtree, Andy, et al. "Designing with care: Adapting cultural probes to inform design in sensitive settings.”, OzCHI2004

Bill Gaver, Tony Dunne, and Elena Pacenti. 1999. Design: Cultural probes. Interactions, 1999

CULTURAL PROBES Cultural probes are a “rich and varied set of materials that … let us ground

[our designs] in the detailed textures of local cultures.” Gaver, 1999

Gaver’s Cultural Probes of Elderly • Postcards with questions concerning participants’

attitudes to their lives, cultural environment and technology.

• Maps asking participants to highlight important areas in their cultural environment.

• Cameras with instructions asking participants to photograph things of interest to them and things that bored them.

• Photo Albums asking participants to assemble a small montage telling a story about participant’s lives.

• Media Diaries asking participants to record the various media they use, when, where and in whose company.

CULTURAL PROBES

The probes were part of a strategy of pursuing experimental

design in a responsive way. They address a common dilemma

in developing projects for unfamiliar groups.

Bill Gaver Professor of Design

University of London


CULTURAL PROBES

The probes were part of a strategy of pursuing experimental

design in a responsive way. They address a common dilemma

in developing projects for unfamiliar groups. Understanding the

local cultures was necessary so that our designs wouldn’t seem

irrelevant or arrogant… We wanted to lead a discussion with the

groups toward unexpected ideas, but we didn’t want to

dominate it.




These methods help us think differently

about problems.

They help inspire ideas.

They help us understand our “users” and

the potential for technology.

SO WHAT?

Eric Paulos and Tom Jenkins. Urban probes: encountering our emerging urban atmospheres, CHI2005

HOW DO PEOPLE THINK ABOUT LITTER?

Eric Paulos and Tom Jenkins. Urban probes: encountering our emerging urban atmospheres, CHI2005

PROBES

They may seem whimsical, but it would be a mistake to

dismiss them on that ground: for unless we start to respect

the full range of values that make us human, the technologies

we build are likely to be dull and uninteresting at best, and

de-humanising at worst.



As quoted in Crabtree, Andy, et al. "Designing with care: Adapting cultural probes to inform design in sensitive settings.”, OzCHI2004

TRY IT YOURSELF

Empathy tools Scenarios Next year's

headlines

Prototyping


LEARN FROM THE FACTS YOU GATHER

Affinity Diagrams Cognitive Task Analysis Flow Analysis


Find Your Project Team I want to discuss plans/progress on TA02

Dark Palette

Light Palette

Smartsheet Gantt Palette

Light Palette

Documents

CMSC434 Week 03 | Lecture 06 | Sept 18, 2014 Understanding … · 2014-09-23 · HALL OF SHAME: QUITTING SKYPE Users should not have to wonder whether different words, situations,