CM-102 Excavation and Backfill - colonial-hss.com Excavation and Backfill.pdfROW-005 “Third Party Excavation and Backfill”.) Installation of new lines or ... Daily Work Permit

COLONIAL PIPELINE COMPANY CM-102 Rev. 6 07/05/2017

EXCAVATION AND BACKFILL

PAGE 1 OF 27

Maintenance Procedure


Table Of Contents

1.0 Preparation for Excavation ........................................................................................ 4

2.0 Trenching / Excavation .............................................................................................. 8

3.0 Backfill and Compaction ..........................................................................................12

4.0 Site Restoration .......................................................................................................14

Attachment A – Duties and Responsibilities ...........................................................................15

Attachment B – Safety and Precautions .................................................................................19

Attachment C – Job Hazard Analysis .....................................................................................22

Attachment D – Site Specific Excavation and Backfill Plan ...................................................26

Purpose and Scope

The purpose of this procedure is to provide direction to individuals involved in excavation and backfill activities at a Colonial worksite. This procedure describes the controls and methods used when performing excavation and backfill activities to support maintenance or inspection tasks on existing pipelines or facilities.

This procedure does NOT cover excavations under the following conditions:

Greater than twenty (20) feet in depth. (Requires the development of an excavation plan by a certified Professional Engineer. See Safety Awareness Manual “Trenching and Excavation”.)

Under or adjacent to buildings, retaining walls, sidewalks or pavement. (Excavation MAY

Not be Allowed by OSHA Standards OR May require the development of an excavation plan by a certified Professional Engineer of the appropriate discipline and background. See Sam Manual “Trenching and Excavation”, page 4, Safety Precautions Section.)

Third-party activities that impacts Colonial right-of-way or facilities. (Refer to procedure NOP-ROW-005 “Third Party Excavation and Backfill”.)

Installation of new lines or facilities (Refer to Engineering Standards, ES-05-103 “Trenches and Underground Lines”.)

Excavation that is too deep to locate the pipelines using two techniques including line finder, Probe rod, soft dig, and manual excavation tools.



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Duties and Responsibilities

1. Refer to Attachment A for Duties and Responsibilities

Safety and Precautions

1. Refer to Attachment B for Safety and Precautions

References

1. 49 CFR 195.252, 195.422

2. OSHA Excavation Standard, 29 CFR 1926.650 – 652

3. COOQ (API Guidance Document Appendix D)

4. NOP-ROW-003, Line Locating and Marking

5. NOP-ROW-001, Exposed Piping

6. ES-05-103, Trenches and Underground Lines

7. Safety Awareness Manual

8. Environmental Compliance Manual

9. Contractor Safety Program

10. Alignment Sheets/Facility Drawings/Delivery Line Alignment Sheets

11. USGS Maps

12. Soil Erosion and Sediment Control best management practices for pipeline maintenance activities.

13. Conduct of Operations

14. Tool Run Data

Feature List

3D profile Software

Profiles from Tools equipped with Inertial Navigation Systems



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Special Equipment

1. Line locating device.

2. Atmospheric Monitor (If planned excavation will exceed 4 ft. in depth or there is a potential for encountering hazardous atmospheres).

3. Soft Dig Trucks, if necessary i.e. hydrovacs.

4. Temporary marking material (flags, marking paint, ribbon).

Abnormal Operating Condition

1. The following situations may require entry into an Abnormal Operating Procedure (AOP) or Emergency Operation Procedure (EOP):

Fire or explosion

Hazardous liquid leaks

Abnormal facility condition

Component failure or component malfunction

2. IF an AOP or EOP entry condition is encountered while performing this procedure, ENSURE the appropriate individuals are notified.

Prerequisites

1. Individuals performing activities covered by this procedure must have the appropriate Operator Qualifications.

2. Daily Work Permit and Safety Checklist have been completed with JSA.

3. Excavation Safety Form has been completed (if Option 1 is not selected).

4. The One-Call notification has been made in accordance with local laws and regulations.

5. Colonial’s line has been located and marked in accordance with NOP-ROW-003, Line Locating and Marking.

6. There must be a Competent Person under OSHA’s Excavation Standard, 29 CFR 1926.650 – 652, or under local rules and regulations, if they are more stringent than the OSHA Standard, at the work site during excavation activities. It is preferred that the Excavating Contractor supplies the Competent Person for the excavation activities.

7. All Permits shall be obtained where required by state/local agencies, including roadways, DOT Right-of-ways, and counties that require excavation permits.

8. Attachment A “Duties and Responsibilities” has been reviewed by personnel filling the listed roles.

9. Attachment B “Safety and Precautions” has been reviewed by ALL personnel involved in the excavation activities.



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Procedure

1.0 Preparation for Excavation

1.1. VERIFY One-Call ticket has been processed.

1.2. VERIFY ALL foreign lines and company facilities, listed on the One-Call ticket, have been marked in the planned excavation area.

1.3. IF the planned excavation area changes, all activities shall cease, and this procedure shall be restarted.

NOTE: Adequately marking the line should clearly identify the path of the buried line. However, if existing line markers adequately identify the path outside the work area, it is not necessary to install additional temporary markers further than the limits of the excavation, especially if additional hazards are involved (e.g., high traffic volume, stream crossings) that make the placement of additional markers impractical. This is an OQ covered task.

NOTE: If excavation is within a company or shipper facility, refer to Section 2.1

1.3.1. VERIFY company’s pipeline has been adequately marked up to 100 feet in each direction from the planned excavation per NOP-ROW-003. In the event the pipelines are deep and cannot be located and this procedure cannot be followed, notification shall be made to the Project Manager and a written site specific excavation plan shall be developed and approved by the Project Manager before beginning any excavation activity. This plan may include using feature lists, surveyors with ILI profile, 3D graphics from ILI Data, extensive probing, etc.



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CAUTION

Probe the area that is to be excavated even when sloping the ditch back or cleaning it out. DO NOT excavate outside the limits of the probed area.

1.4. COMPARE marked lines with Alignment Sheets.

CAUTION

Alignment sheets do not always reflect all pipe bends. Additional data should be used to identify all PIs, sag and over bends. Dig remediation list are excellent means of identifying pipeline features from past ILI Tool runs.

1.4.1. IF comparison reveals any of the following problems between Alignment Sheets and marked lines,

RESOLVE problem before excavation activities begin.

1.4.2. IF discrepancy is due to inaccurate Alignment Sheets,

COMPLETE a Change Diagram (Form C3331).

1.4.3. Alignment sheets, Facility drawings and/or other available data such as feature

lists, ILI Profiles, etc. MUST be reviewed prior to excavation for any appurtenances on the line(s) that may present a hazard during excavation.

1.5. IF planned excavation will impact property owners, ATTEMPT to contact owners, AND

INFORM them of pending work.

CAUTION

Barbed wire must NOT be used for protection around excavations in highly populated areas unless livestock is present.

1.6. IMPLEMENT the following site security measures, as needed, based on the above walk down:

Barbed wire (Minimum three strands)

Warning barricades

Safety fencing, strongly encouraged everywhere (Minimum height of three feet)

Earth berms

Flashing lights



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1.7. COMPLETE the following forms from the Safety Awareness Manual.

Daily Work Permit and Safety Checklist

Excavation Safety Form. It is not necessary to complete if type C soil is selected or excavation is less than 4’ deep.

1.8. IMPLEMENT the following types of excavation protection, as needed,

Shoring

Sloping

Trench boxes, with tabulated data

Work Mats

Soil moisture stabilization

Water diversion (ditches, pumps, etc.)

Leveled work areas for excavation equipment (in areas with significant cross slope)

Entry and exit ramps or ladders (required if excavation will exceed 4 feet in depth)

Reflective signs or flashing lights (potential traffic hazards)

NOTE: Attachment D can be used as a guide to develop a Site-Specific Excavation and Backfill plan. However, the plan will need to be modified to address any maintenance or inspection work that will take place in the excavated area, as well as the excavation activities.

NOTE: The Competent Person, whether Colonial or Contractor, is responsible for developing the Site-Specific Excavation and Backfill Plan. Input from the Excavation Operator and other team members should be obtained for the Site-Specific Excavation and Backfill Plan. (Review with Safety if Required by OSHA)

1.9. REVIEW AND APPROVE Site-Specific Excavation and Backfill Plan in Attachment D.



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1.10. IF excavation is in response to a known OR suspected leak,

PERFORM the following actions:

1.10.1. VERIFY the Line Controller (Control Center/Facility Operator) has completed the following procedures, as appropriate:

Control Center

AOP-CC-J01 “Suspected Leak”

EOP-CC-K01 “Leak”

Facility Operator

AOP-CPC-J01 “Suspected Leak”

EOP-CPC-K01 “Leak”

1.10.2. ESTABLISH continuous Atmospheric Monitoring for oxygen and LEL levels. A plan shall be established for the monitoring of toxic chemicals.

1.10.3. ARRANGE for handling and disposal of contaminated soils.

1.11. OBTAIN Fire Extinguishers AND other safety equipment, as required.

1.12. ENSURE excavation equipment is in safe working order.

1.13. REMOVE OR STABILIZE any surface obstruction(s) that may create a hazard.

1.14. CONDUCT a Pre-Job Brief with ALL individuals involved in the excavation.



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2.0 Trenching / Excavation

NOTE: Do not jack hammer concrete unless all sides of the concrete are exposed and the possibility of a power cable and/or piping running through the concrete can be eliminated. Red or Dyed concrete indicate high voltage, but the concrete may not look dyed, especially in red clay soils.

2.1. CONFIRM depth AND horizontal location of pipeline and adjacent underground structures in at least two places in the planned excavation work area using two of the following methods:

Line locator

Hand Excavation

Probe Rod

Soft Dig Technology (i.e. Hydrovac)

2.2. VISUALLY CONFIRM the location of the pipeline using Hand Excavation or Soft Dig Technology until the pipeline is exposed.

IF THE PIPELINE IS NOT LOCATED AND VISUALLY CONFIRMED using these techniques, no mechanical excavation shall begin until a written site specific excavation plan, which may include a combination of mechanical excavation and soft excavation techniques, is approved by the Project Manager

2.3. In Permitted areas (i.e. Wetlands),

ENSURE excavation remains in the permitted footprint.

CAUTION

The primary function of the Spotter is to spot for the Excavation Operator. The Spotter must NOT be distracted with other tasks while mechanical excavation is actually underway.

2.4. WHEN the location of the pipeline has been visually confirmed,

ENSURE mechanical excavation is done parallel to pipeline, use caution around PI’s and appurtenances (TOR, etc.).

2.4.1. ENSURE excavation equipment is maintained a safe distance from the pipeline and to where the equipment operator can maintain eye contact with the swamper. Any and all equipment not involved in the excavation shall be maintained downhill and a minimum of 3 feet from the excavation.



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2.4.2. When digging a PI (bend), the outside of the bend should be dug first. If it is not feasible to do so, a site specific excavation plan is required. For multiple parallel PI’s a Site Specific Excavation plan is required.

2.5. IF excavation affects an agricultural or residential area where topsoil must be protected,

REMOVE top six inches of soil or until color change indicates subsoil reached, AND

PLACE on a separate pile from the excavation spoil pile.

2.6. ENSURE spoil pile is maintained a MINIMUM of two feet from edge of excavation AND angle of repose is LESS THAN 45º from horizontal.

2.6.1. IF excavation involves soil contaminated with product,

ENSURE spoil handling and disposal is conducted as directed by the District Environmental Team

2.7. REQUIRE hand excavation under any of the following conditions:

Excavation closer than 2 feet from top or bottom of pipeline until pipeline has been exposed.

Excavation closer than 2 feet from sides of pipeline until pipeline has been exposed

Excavation closer than 1 foot from top or sides after pipeline has been exposed. This means that after the pipe has been exposed, no mechanical excavation is permitted within 1 foot around the pipe.

Complex excavation involving tight quarters.

2.8. WHEN the pipeline(s) are in marshes, lakes, in shallow water,

REQUIRE water lifting or jetting and under any of the following conditions:

Excavation is closer than 3 feet from the top of the pipe.

Excavation is closer than 2 feet from the side of the pipeline.

2.9. IF a line hit occurs OR an anomaly containing visible cracks is observed,

TERMINATE all excavation activities, AND

NOTIFY Line Controller (Control Center or Facility Operator) of condition.

2.10. IF excavation exceeds 4 feet in depth,

ENSURE the following is implemented before allowing entry into excavation.

Atmospheric Monitoring

Entry and exit equipment

Adequate and OSHA-compliant sloping or shoring



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2.11. TERMINATE all excavation activities if any of the following are encountered.

Hazardous atmosphere

Potential cave-ins

Indications of failures of protective systems (sloping, shoring, etc.)

Colonial’s Representative (who, as defined in Attachment A is the person who has responsibility for performing inspection activities according to this Procedure (e.g., Project Inspector, Technician, etc.i) and may be either a Colonial employee or a contractor)leaves the excavation site.

Hazardous material is discovered in the ditch including blasting material, chemicals, potentially pressured vessels, medical waste, etc. Proceed only after consulting with Project Manager and/or safety personnel.

Upon the initial discovery of excavation being located in a possible landfill or landfill material in excavation site, work must be stopped, update or develop a JHA before proceeding. Company representative must notify the District Environmental Team and HSS to identify possible materials that could be dangerous to life and health that has been discovered. It may be determined that an Industrial Hygienist may need to on site for the duration of the project. Identify the nearest hospitals and have GPS coordinates for the jobsite for easy location for medical personnel if needed.

2.12. IF excavation activities will be stopped for an extended period of time OR left unattended overnight,

PERFORM the following actions.

2.12.1. NOTIFY Line Controller (Control Center or Facility Operator).

2.12.2. ENSURE site security measures are in place.

2.12.3. Water control measures have been taken if necessary.

NOTE: Do not pinch out from under the pipeline with the track-hoe arm extended over the pipeline.

2.13. WHEN excavating UNDER pipeline,

EXCAVATE from NEAR SIDE of pipeline.

2.13.1. IF length of unsupported pipeline reaches twenty feet,

INSTALL appropriate supports to prevent undue stress on line, OR

OBTAIN Engineering evaluation that identifies MAXIMUM safe span.



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2.14. IF rock is being excavated,

INSTALL mechanical shielding for the pipeline using oak planks, blasting mats, oversized pipe or sleeve, or similar whenever the pipe is exposed even if there is only a small portion of the pipe that is exposed.

2.15. IF rocks larger than the hoe bucket must be removed,

PRIOR to removal,

FRACTURE the rocks to a size that the hoe bucket can carry. Be sure to shield pipe as stated above before fracturing rock.



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3.0 Backfill and Compaction

3.1. ENSURE ALL inspection activities AND post-maintenance testing are complete.

3.2. ENSURE the excavation and backfill is free of any metal objects (cans, hand tools, clamps, scrap metal) and non-soil materials.

3.3. ENSURE that any material excavated from a landfill or identified as landfill type

material shall not be placed back into the excavation. Clean backfill shall be used to support and pad the pipe.

3.4. ENSURE the pipe has been padded where necessary.

3.5. BEFORE beginning backfill operations,

ENSURE that the Excavation Operator and Spotter have reviewed the Site Specific Excavation and Backfill Plan.

CAUTION

Backfill must be placed, NOT pushed. For example, the first 2-feet of backfill around and over the top of the pipe can be accomplished with a backhoe but

NOT a bulldozer.

3.6. WHEN equipment is backfilling within 2-feet of any Colonial asset,

ENSURE that the Colonial Representative, as defined above and in Attachment A, is in the work area.

NOTE: Best compaction is attained when moisture content of the soil is at or near 10%. In some cases, adding lime to the backfill mixture or in severe conditions bringing in select back fill may be necessary to obtain proper

compaction of the backfill. In some cases Fly Ash or Lime can be added to reduce the moisture content of the soil. Locations where compaction test are required a proctor will be required once the added material has been mixed with the soil.

3.7. IF compaction of backfill is necessary due to conditions at the location (e.g., steep slope or cross-slope, proximity to road or railroad crossings, or potential for heavy equipment traffic),

ENSURE the following compaction guidelines are followed.

Backfill is placed in MAXIMUM of 6-inch lifts AND compacted between lifts.

WHEN backfilling under the pipeline, USE hydraulic, Pneumatic, and/or Mechanical compacting equipment for compaction until backfill comes up to pipe.



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CAUTION

For long excavations such as recoating or casing removal, special monitoring of pipe settlement is required. Pipe support compaction plan will be required.

3.8. ENSURE that ONLY clean, soft backfill is placed into the excavation UNTIL 2-feet of good backfill material surrounds the pipe.

3.9. ENSURE backfill is placed equally along both sides of pipe and properly compacted, UNTIL pipe is covered.

3.10. ENSURE backfill is crowned, where appropriate, to compensate for settling.

3.11. CREATE diversion berms and cross ditches as cross-slope requires, preventing pooling along trench line. (Refer to ES-05-103 for guidance.)

3.12. ENSURE temporary erosion control methods are monitored once they have been installed and removed when the excavation and backfill activities are no longer a threat to the environment.



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4.0 Site Restoration

4.1. REPLACE any soil moved to provide level foundation for equipment.

4.2. REPLACE topsoil over spoil crown, AND

RESEED with appropriate ground cover.

4.3. REMOVE all construction debris and other trash from work site.

4.4. INSTALL OR REPAIR Line markers as necessary

END



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Attachment A – Duties and Responsibilities

The following list of duties and responsibilities represents the normal course of events. In some

instances, the same individual may serve in the positions of Project Inspector and Competent

Person. Additionally, some listed tasks may be performed by individuals other than those named

below. However, the individual identified below remains responsible for ensuring that the tasks are

properly performed.

1. Colonial Representative is the person who has the responsibility for performing

inspection activities according to this Procedure (e.g., Project Inspector, Technician,

etc.):

• Ensures the alignment sheets, ILI data or other material that identifies pipeline

features have been reviewed and are available for reference.

• Ensures that he or she is at the work site anytime excavation activities are in

progress.

• Ensures work activities are stopped if there is a concern for injury, pipeline integrity,

public safety, or damage to Colonial facilities.

• Ensures proper one-calls have been made.

• Ensures compliance with all state one call laws.

• Ensures all necessary environmental permits are obtained or the proper notification

is made to the agencies having jurisdiction.

• Ensures State/local permits have been obtained for excavations, if required.

• Ensures landowners have been notified.

• Ensures that the Site-Specific Excavation and Backfill Plan, if, required, has been

reviewed and is followed

• Ensures that the following are completed before work begins:

1) Daily Work Permit and Safety Checklist.

2) Job Safety Analysis.

3) Excavation Safety Form, if required

• Conducts tailgate safety meetings.

• Ensures individuals who are performing Covered Tasks, as identified in the Operator

Qualification manual, have appropriate OQ documentation.

• Coordinates commencement of work with Line Controller (Control Center and

Facility Operator of nearest staffed facility).

• Ensures communications with Line Controller (Control Center and/or Facility

Operator at nearest staffed facility) is available.



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• Ensures that all excavation and backfill activities are performed in accordance with

this Procedure and all applicable pipeline safety regulations.

• Remains in the work area and continuously monitors all excavation and backfill

activities.

• Ensures permanent pipe support and backfill material are satisfactory and meet

Colonial specifications.

• Conducts inspections of excavations daily, before starting work, as needed

throughout the workday, and after rainstorms or other change in conditions that may

impact the excavation.

• Inspects excavations for potential cave-ins, indications of failures of protective

systems (sloping, shoring, etc.), and hazardous atmospheres or other hazardous

conditions.

• If hazardous conditions are encountered, ensure exposed individuals are removed

from the hazardous area until necessary safety precautions have been taken.

• Ensures spoil material is safely stored at least 2-feet from the edge of excavation.

• Ensures mechanical equipment not directly involved with the work at the excavation

site does not operate closer than 3-feet from the edge of the excavation and is

securely parked when not in use.

• Monitors excavation activities, equipment and water removal, as necessary.

• Ensures that soil classifications are performed and the need for shoring or similar

protective systems is evaluated.

• Records data, as required.

• Determines the effects of operating equipment, traffic, etc. around the excavation.

• Ensures excavations are clearly marked and properly barricaded, if left open.

2. Competent Person

• Is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings, or

working conditions that are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees and

has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.

• Develops the Site-Specific Excavation and Backfill Plan with input from the

Excavation Operator and Spotter (Swamper).

• Ensures spoil material is safely stored at least 2-feet from the edge of excavation.

• Ensures mechanical equipment not directly involved with the work at the excavation

site does not operate closer than 3-feet from the edge of the excavation and is

securely parked when not in use.

• Monitors excavation activities, equipment and water removal, as necessary.

• Determines soil classifications and the need for shoring or similar protective

systems.



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3. Line Controller (Control Center/Facility Operator)

• Takes measures, if appropriate, to mitigate the consequences should an accident

occur (isolate line, reduce line pressure, etc.).

4. Excavation Operator

The Excavation Operator is the contractor employee operating the excavation

equipment.

• Is responsible for an accident free workplace.

• Shall perform a Job Hazard Analysis to identify and mitigate hazards in the area of

excavation.



• Confirms the location of the pipeline using a line locator, probe rod, hand excavation

or soft dig techniques prior to mechanically excavating the planned excavation area.

• Seeks guidance from the Spotter to prevent pipeline damage.

• Safely stores spoil material at least 2-feet from the edge of excavation.

• Provides significant assistance and input in the development of Site-specific

Excavation and Backfill Plan.

• Reviews and understands this procedure.

5. Spotter (Swamper)

The Spotter is the person spotting the Excavation Operator. The Spotter shall NOT

perform other duties if they interfere with the ability to perform the duties listed below.

• Is responsible for an accident free workplace.

• Shall be Operator Qualified to perform all covered tasks associated with excavation

and backfilling or shall be immediately supervised by a Qualified Individual.



• Using two methods, confirms the location of the pipeline using a line locator, probe

rod, hand excavation or soft dig techniques prior to allowing any mechanically

excavating in the planned excavation area.

• The Spotter’s most important responsibility is to direct the Excavation Operator to prevent pipeline damage. He/She is responsible for maintaining top and side clearances.

• Remains vigilant as to the potential for hazardous conditions and damage to the

line.

• Observes excavation progress and remains vigilant to potential hazards.

• During excavation uses a line locator and a probe rod to verify pipe location.



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• Reviews and understands this procedure.

• Shall be responsible for guiding and directing backhoe while mobilizing and

demobilizing to prevent hitting power lines or other obstructions. This is especially

necessary when working in congested areas, around power lines and when moving

track hoes and cranes around the worksite.



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Attachment B – Safety and Precautions

Refer to the Operations Section of the Safety Awareness Manual, under “Trenching and

Excavation,” for additional information regarding safety concerns.

Colonial personnel must maintain a high level of concern for the safety of contractors and subcontractors performing work for Colonial. Contractors must comply with the Colonial Contractor’s Safety Plan.

1. Individuals must wear appropriate safety equipment (hard hat, safety shoes, etc.).

2. Individuals who are exposed to public vehicular traffic must wear warning vests or other

suitable garments marked with or made of reflective or high-visibility material.

3. Individuals should NOT operate equipment without first being properly trained to handle it

and being fully alerted to its potential hazards.

4. Fire extinguishers must be in place (hand held).

5. The Line Controller (Control Center/ Facility Operator) must be informed of all actions

performed that may potentially affect pipeline operations.

6. Support systems, (e.g., shoring, bracing, or underpinning) must be used to ensure the

stability of adjacent structures such as buildings, walls, sidewalks, or pavements (OSHA

requirement).

7. Excavation below the level of the base or footing of any foundation or retaining wall is

prohibited unless one of the following conditions is met (OSHA requirement):

• A support system or underpinning is provided.

• The excavation is in stable rock.

• A registered professional engineer determines that the structure is sufficiently removed

from the excavation and that the excavation will not pose a hazard to employees.

8. Excavations under sidewalks or pavement are prohibited unless an appropriately designed

support system is provided or other effective method is used (OSHA requirement).

9. Before a person enters excavations greater than 4-feet in depth or excavations where an

oxygen deficient atmosphere exists or could possibly be expected to exist, a “Competent

Person” must test the atmosphere using an oxygen/LEL monitor extended down in the

excavation (OSHA requirement).

10. If any controls are used to reduce atmospheric contaminants to acceptable levels, the

excavation shall be tested continuously for deficiencies in oxygen, toxic vapors, and an

explosive atmosphere (OSHA requirement).

11. Unknown or unidentifiable materials work will cease until notifications have been made to

the District Environmental Manager and HSSE. This will require developing a new Site

Specific Excavation and Backfill Plan along with all of the Safety paperwork.



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12. Access and Egress (OSHA requirement)

• Where individuals are required to be in excavations greater than 4-feet deep, adequate

means of egress, such as ramps (maximum 20% grade for ramp), ladders, steps, or

other safe means, must be provided within 25-feet of lateral travel.

• If structural ramps are used as a means of access or egress, they must be designed by

a “competent person.” Structural members used to form ramps must be of uniform

thickness and joined in a manner to prevent tripping or displacement.

13. Sloping (OSHA requirement)

• Sloping of the walls of the excavation should be performed in accordance with OSHA

guidelines depending on the class of soil and soil conditions, such as:

1) Water

2) Silty materials

3) Loose boulders

4) Evidence of erosion, deep frost action, or slide planes

• Another option is to use what is called OPTION 1, which means you do not classify the

soil, but slope or shore to the most stringent requirements.

14. Shoring (OSHA requirement)

• When an excavation requires shoring, refer to the guidance provided in ES-05-103

“Trenching and Underground Lines” on the materials and methods that should be used.

15. Falls and Equipment

• Material or equipment that might fall or roll into an excavation must be kept at least 2-

feet from the edge of the excavation, or provide retaining barriers, or both.

• Where necessary, scaling must be provided to remove loose rock or install protective

barricades to protect individuals against falling rock, soil, or other materials.

• Work on faces of sloped or benched excavations at levels above other individuals is

prohibited unless individuals at lower levels are adequately protected from the hazard of

falling, rolling, or sliding material or equipment.

• Individuals are NOT allowed under loads that are handled by lifting or digging

equipment.

• Individuals working around equipment should be aware of equipment movements

(swinging, lifting, bucket movements, etc.)

• Spotter(s) watch equipment as it moves around job site.



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16. Water Accumulation

• Individuals are prohibited from working in excavations where water has accumulated

unless adequate protective measures have been taken.

• Where necessary, diversion ditches, dikes, or other suitable methods will be used to

prevent surface water from entering the excavation and to provide adequate drainage of

the area adjacent to the excavation.

17. Factors Affecting Soil Stability.

CAUTION must be exercised under the following conditions, where soil stability may be

significantly degraded:

• Soil expansion due to freezing or thawing decreases its stability and may result in

shoring or support systems not performing adequately.

• Large excavations that are left open for extended periods are particularly subject to wall

collapse due to changes in weather producing either an increase or a decrease in soil

moisture content.

• Structures in the vicinity of excavations increase the forces at the excavation walls,

particularly if close to the excavation. Examples of such structures are heavy

equipment, vehicles, and materials (pipes, timber, or spoil piles).

• Passing vehicles, blasting, and operation of excavation equipment or certain tools can

loosen soil and increase the possibility of cave-ins.

• Soils subjected to prior excavation and backfilling may take years to regain the cohesive

nature of undisturbed soil.



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Attachment C – Job Hazard Analysis

Attachment C can be used as a guide to develop a Job Hazard Analysis. This is not the JHA. However, the JHA will also need to identify any hazards associated with the maintenance or inspection work that will take place in the excavated area.

EXCAVATION HAZARDS ACTIONS / CONSIDERATIONS

Proper communication / notification

Make one-call, notify landowners, and proper authorities (Colonial or non-Colonial)

Proper working equipment (radio, cell phone, satellite phone, etc.

Identify Hospitals and medical facilities prior to beginning work.

Unknown utilities

Check strip map

Check surrounding area for markers

Additional probing

Check community for location of gas, electric, and water lines

Make the proper one-calls

Traffic

Road at work/injection site to be closed and barricaded only authorized

personnel posted

Traffic control personnel (someone to watch for vehicles entering and leaving work site)

Limit access of vehicles to work site

Designated parking area

Construction signs and flashers installed at entrances to work sites

Soil conditions

Proper sloping, shoring or trench boxes, if needed

Fill out proper excavation safety form (Colonial form C7020)

Refer to Colonial Excavation and Backfill Standard

Excavation and handling of soil Store per Colonial environmental standard

Groundwater

Have pumps available and pump water to area according to Colonial Pipeline Co. Environmental Specifications

Diversion (Flumes, Coffer damns, etc.)

Adjacent pipelines Locate, mark and ensure proper cover and protection for other pipelines

Limit amount of activity over pipelines

Equipment close to excavation

Have Spotter observe equipment, as it is moving

Have safety personnel monitor equipment movement

Have Excavation Operator follow Colonial Excavation and Backfill Standard

Mud at roadsides at work site entrances

Monitor road condition, and handle as necessary

All personnel are responsible for keeping road clean

Terrain conditions

Make sure there is good footing in ditches for worker to move around

Use caution on hillsides, creek banks, etc.

Incorporate protective measures in excavation and backfill plan

Egress and Ingress Mark and define escape routes

Keep egress routes free of obstructions

Backfilling Refer to Colonial Excavation and Backfill Standard



PAGE 23 OF 27

EXCAVATION HAZARDS ACTIONS / CONSIDERATIONS

Possible atmospheric contamination

Sniffing – atmospheric check

Monitor oxygen and LEL during N2 injection, cut out sites, and bleed off sites

If LEL is above 3% at work sites a sphere will be installed or controls will be put in place to reduce LEL below 3% before work can progress in the excavation. This is due to the toxicity level of hydrocarbons.

Site security – Fenced areas vs. non-fenced areas

Refer to Colonial Excavation and Backfill Standard

Erosion control Install proper erosion control as needed for weather conditions

Weather conditions Be aware of weather conditions and prepare as necessary

Pipe supports Support every 20-feet unless special conditions exist

Removal and disposal of coating Wear proper PPE when removing coating

Dispose of coating per colonial environmental specifications

Critter/Wildlife factor Pay attention to surroundings

Have first aid kit available

Water hazards Life jackets required near water bodies

Refer to Accident Prevention Manual

Tripping hazard Be aware of potential tripping hazards (welding leads and extension cords)

Maintain proper house keeping

Improperly marked pipe size / lamination

Ultrasound location to be welded

Mag- particle after welding

X-Ray after tie-ins

Product Spill

During Blowdown, open valves slowly to check for product.

Before starting cold cut, check for product in the line (dipstick), have vacuum truck on site

Overhead Power Lines

Caution operators against contacting overhead power lines

Identify on excavation and backfill plan

Set up barriers if practical

Spotter to watch for them with equipment is moving

Waste or Hazardous Material

Shutdown and consult with safety personnel to determine specific needs including monitoring, PPE, etc.

Work must be stopped, update or develop a JHA before proceeding. Company representative must notify the District Environmental Manager and HSSE to identify possible materials that could be dangerous to life and health that has been discovered. It may be determined that an Industrial Hygienist may need to on site for the duration of the project. Identify the nearest hospitals and have GPS coordinates for the jobsite for easy location for medical personnel if needed.



PAGE 24 OF 27

OTHER TASKS WITH ADDITIONAL HAZARDS:

ADDITIONAL HAZARDS

WELDING / TAPPING ACTIONS / CONSIDERATIONS

Flying debris Proper eye protection

Face shields and goggles

Ignition source Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) / Oxygen monitoring

Manned fire extinguishers

Burns Proper procedures and PPE

First Aid Kit available

Cutting and Grinding

See flying debris

See ignition source

Proper PPE

Proper Grinding Disc for Grinder

Guards on Grinder

Electrical hazard Inspect cords and equipment

Proper grounding

Tapping failure Notify Controller

Follow Emergency Response Plan

Drill steel binds Inspect drill steel for wear

Use proper tapping procedures

Laminated pipe Ultrasound area where cutting or welding for proper pipe thickness

Mag- particle area after welding for cracks

ABRASIVE CLEANING ACTIONS / CONSIDERATIONS



LIFTING / RIGGING

AND

PILING / SHORING

ACTIONS / CONSIDERATIONS

Overhead Hazard Be aware of overhead obstructions

Ensure tag lines are in place

Pinch points

Be aware of possible pinch point locations such as sleeve material, line-up clamps, etc.

Stay away from moving equipment and only move in to rig once the operator has stopped operating the equipment and is ready to hook up.

Use tag lines to clear yourself from objects being moved.

CASING REMOVAL / ARCH

GOUGE ACTIONS / CONSIDERATIONS

Pipeline not properly shielded Install shield between pipeline and casing



Ignition source Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) / Oxygen monitoring

Manned fire extinguishers



PAGE 25 OF 27

ADDITIONAL HAZARDS

WELDING / TAPPING ACTIONS / CONSIDERATIONS

Burns Proper procedures and PPE

First Aid Kit available

Cutting and Grinding

See flying debris

See ignition source

Proper PPE

Electrical hazard Inspect cords and equipment

Proper grounding

DIGGING ON WORK MATS ACTIONS / CONSIDERATIONS

Slide off mats onto pipeline Ensure mats are level and secure to dig on

Ensure area for mats will support equipment

Drop mats on pipeline when moving them

Ensure mat hook is secure

Ensure mat cables are in good condition

CONSEQUENCES OF HAZARDS:

Environmental Damage Personal injury Pipeline damage

Property damage Equipment damage

CM-102 Rev. 4 01/03/2012


PAGE 26 OF 27

Attachment D – Site Specific Excavation and Backfill Plan

Attachment D can be used as a guide to develop a Site-Specific Excavation and Backfill plan. However, the plan will need to be modified to address any maintenance or inspection work that will take place in the excavated area, as well as the excavation activities.

The Competent Person, whether Colonial or Contractor, is responsible for developing the Site-Specific Excavation and Backfill Plan. Input from the Excavation Operator and other team members should be obtained for the Site-Specific Excavation and Backfill Plan.

Upon the discovery of landfill material a new Site-Specific Excavation and Backfill Plan will be developed or conditions warrant procedure not valid for the excavation.

Date: Line: Location:

Reason for Excavation: Size, Depth, Drawing

All excavations meeting any of the following conditions must be planned and designed by a registered

professional engineer trained in an appropriate discipline:

Excavations in excess of 20 feet in depth.

Excavations adjacent to structures/improvements.

One Call Ticket # Locate Methods used:

Excavation Equipment Used Make: Model:

EXCAVATION PLAN COMMENTS (or “N/A” if appropriate)

Method of excavation:

Method of ingress and egress:

Method of pipe support:

Protective measures applied to excavation walls:

Type of pipe shield used:

Placement of spoil:

SITE SPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONS COMMENTS (or “N/A” if appropriate)

Traffic

Adjacent structures & their condition

Overhead & underground utilities

Soil type

Livestock / wildlife

Surface/ground water

Weather

Topography (slopes, working area, etc.)

Residential area – children

Adequate room for spoil piles

Work mats

CM-102 Rev. 4 01/03/2012


PAGE 27 OF 27

Description of area (rural, city, farm, livestock, etc.)

Barriers or signs used

Abnormal events

PI’s

Other:

INSPECTOR:

EXCAVATION OPERATOR

SPOTTER:

OQ PERSONNEL PERFORMING TASK:

Location No. _________________ State _______________

Map No. ____________________ One Call Ticket No. ________________________

Task ___________________________________________________________________

Before excavation begins the Colonial Pipeline Company and the contractor and contractor’s workers will review the Colonial Pipeline Company Excavation and Backfill Standard and check equipment for good working order.

Excavations will be made on Colonial’s ______________________________

The excavation will be approximately _____ft. deep with sloping or appropriate shoring as needed. The bottom of the ditch will be approximately ________ft. wide. The amount of pipe to be uncovered will be determined by a Colonial Pipeline Company representative.

The spoil will be stored adjacent to the excavation at a distance to provide safe walking around the edge of the excavation and according to Colonial Pipeline Company Excavation and Backfill Standard.

Ingress and egress of the trench will be ladders and other means of exit every 25 ft. and on both sides of the excavation.

Pipe supports will be dirt plugs or other mechanical means of support.

Clean soft backfill material will be placed, not pushed in the excavation until 2 ft. of good backfill material surrounds the pipe. Backfill will be performed with the use of a backhoe, or track hoe.

i Nothing in this Procedure or any of its attachments is intended to create any type of employment or agency relationship between

Colonial and any individual or entity that provides services to Colonial as an independent contractor, including any contractor who

fulfills the role of the “Colonial Representative,” as that term is defined in Exhibit A and used throughout this Procedure.

Documents

CM-102 Excavation and Backfill - colonial-hss.com Excavation and Backfill.pdfROW-005 “Third Party Excavation and Backfill”.) Installation of new lines or ... Daily Work Permit