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Clo
ud C
om
puting
Po
cke
t G
uid
e
Ve
rsio
n 2
01
1.1
1.2
0
To
m S
eg
ers
ww
w.t
rain
ing
clo
ud.b
e/c
loud
Clo
ud C
om
putin
g P
ocket
Guid
e
2
Intr
od
uc
tio
n
w T
he
Clo
ud
bring
s a
ne
w t
ool to
th
e t
oo
lbox o
f to
da
y's
Ch
ief
Info
rma
tio
n O
ffic
er.
C
om
pu
tin
g is
d
eliv
ere
d a
s a
p
acka
ge
d
se
rvic
e r
ath
er
than
pro
ducts
. S
hare
d r
eso
urc
es,
so
ftw
are
an
d
info
rma
tio
n a
re d
eliv
ere
d in
a f
lexib
le w
ay t
o t
he
clie
nt
thro
ug
h
the I
nte
rne
t.
Alm
ost
in a
u
tilit
y lik
e w
ay,
like
w
ate
r o
r e
lectr
icity,
Clo
ud
com
putin
g p
rovid
es I
T s
olu
tio
ns f
or
the b
usin
ess a
s a
bla
ck
box se
rvic
e.
Th
e s
erv
ice
is
ju
st
there
, so
me
wh
ere
fr
om
th
e
glo
bal
ne
two
rk.
With
ou
t th
e c
usto
me
r h
avin
g t
o w
orr
y a
bou
t
the t
ech
nic
al a
nd o
pe
ratio
na
l a
sp
ects
of
ke
ep
ing it
run
nin
g.
w
Th
is
Po
cke
t G
uid
e
pro
vid
es
yo
u
a
ge
ne
ral
hig
h-le
ve
l
intr
od
uctio
n
to
Clo
ud
co
mp
utin
g.
Its
co
nte
nts
h
as
bee
n
alig
ne
d
with
th
e
top
ics
for
the
EX
IN
Clo
ud
co
mp
utin
g
Fo
un
da
tio
n e
xa
m.
More
in
form
atio
n a
bo
ut
the E
XIN
exam
ca
n
be f
oun
d a
t th
e e
nd
of
this
Po
cke
t G
uid
e.
Fo
r m
ore
in
fo, g
o t
o w
ww
.exin
.co
m.
Clo
ud C
om
putin
g P
ocket
Guid
e
3
Ta
ble
of
Co
nte
nts
In
troduction
....
....
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2
Princip
les o
f C
loud c
om
puting
....
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....
4
Usin
g the C
loud
....
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5
Benefits
and lim
itations
...
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7
Basic
backg
round r
eadin
g .
....
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....
. 9
Clo
ud a
rchitectu
res a
nd s
ecurity
...
....
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....
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....
....
.. 1
3
Evalu
ating
Clo
ud c
om
puting
....
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. 16
Refe
rences
....
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.. 1
7
Test
yours
elf
....
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....
18
Clo
ud c
om
puting F
oundation e
xam
....
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....
....
. 22
Clo
ud C
om
putin
g P
ocket
Guid
e
4
Pri
ncip
les o
f C
lou
d c
om
pu
tin
g
Th
e
Clo
ud
is
d
efin
ed
a
s
a
larg
e
po
ol
of
us
ab
le
an
d
acc
es
sib
le
vir
tua
lize
d
reso
urc
es
. It
co
ve
rs
a
dyn
am
ic
deliv
ery
m
ode
l fo
r IT
se
rvic
es b
ase
d o
n In
tern
et
pro
toco
ls.
Sca
lab
le a
nd t
yp
ica
lly v
irtu
aliz
ed
re
so
urc
es a
re p
rovis
ion
ed a
t
the a
pp
lica
tio
n,
pla
tfo
rm o
r in
fra
str
uctu
re le
ve
l.
Ap
pro
pria
tely
, th
ese
se
rvic
es
are
a
lso
re
ferr
ed
to
a
s
So
ftw
are
-as
-a-S
erv
ice
(Sa
aS
),
Pla
tfo
rm-a
s-a
-Se
rvic
e
(Pa
aS
) a
nd
In
fra
str
uc
ture
-as
-a-S
erv
ice (
IaaS
):
·
A S
aa
S s
erv
ice
pro
vid
es a
pplic
atio
n f
unctio
na
lity t
hat
a u
se
r ca
n d
ire
ctly u
se
, e
.g.
Cu
sto
me
r R
ela
tio
nsh
ip
Man
ag
em
ent
(CR
M)
functio
na
lity,
e-m
ail
functio
na
lity,
Off
ice
fu
nctio
na
lity.
·
A P
aa
S se
rvic
e p
rovid
es th
e p
latf
orm
fo
r ru
nn
ing a
cu
sto
m
app
lica
tio
n,
e.g
. a
.N
ET
F
ram
ew
ork
o
n
a
se
rve
r w
ith
a
cce
ss
to
a
num
ber
of
libra
ries
an
d
rela
ted
se
rvic
es.
·
An
Ia
aS
se
rvic
e
co
ve
rs
the
infr
astr
uctu
re
like
a
Win
do
ws
se
rve
r o
r L
inux
se
rve
r fr
om
th
e
Clo
ud
,
inclu
din
g re
qu
ire
d u
nde
rlyin
g re
so
urc
es lik
e sto
rag
e
and
co
nne
ctivity.
Va
rio
us o
ther
functio
na
lity is a
va
ilable
"a
s a
Se
rvic
e"
fro
m t
he
Clo
ud
. E
.g.,
Co
mm
un
ica
tio
n a
s a
Se
rvic
e (
Ca
aS
) is
an
outs
ourc
ed E
nte
rprise
Co
mm
unic
atio
ns s
olu
tio
n t
hat
ca
n b
e
hire
d f
rom
an e
xte
rna
l p
rovid
er.
Su
ch
a C
aa
S s
olu
tio
n c
an
co
ve
r fu
nctio
na
lity f
or
vo
ice
ove
r IP
, In
sta
nt M
essa
gin
g (
IM),
and v
ideo
co
nfe
ren
ce. C
aa
S c
an a
lso
sta
nd f
or
Co
mp
liance-
as-a
-se
rvic
e. O
the
r e
xa
mp
les:
Ide
ntity
-as-a
-Se
rvic
e (
IDa
aS
),
Mon
ito
rin
g-a
s-a
-Se
rvic
e (
Ma
aS
), S
tora
ge
-as-a
-Se
rvic
e.
Clo
ud C
om
putin
g P
ocket
Guid
e
5
Us
ing
th
e C
lou
d
Us
ing
a W
eb
br
ow
se
r
A t
yp
ica
l e
xa
mp
le o
f u
sin
g t
he C
lou
d is a
cce
ssin
g a
nd
us
ing
we
b-b
ase
d t
oo
ls o
r a
pp
lica
tio
ns
th
rou
gh
a W
eb
bro
ws
er
as
if
the
pro
gra
ms
we
re
insta
lled
o
n
the
clie
nt.
T
he
y
are
acce
sse
d
from
a
W
eb
bro
wse
r o
r a
d
eskto
p
or
mo
bile
app
lica
tio
ns.
Th
e s
oft
wa
re a
nd
data
are
sto
red
on
a s
erv
er
at
a r
em
ote
lo
ca
tio
n,
acce
sse
d a
nd
use
d v
ia t
he I
nte
rne
t.
Use
rs c
an a
cce
ss W
eb
Ap
plic
atio
ns t
hro
ug
h a
We
b b
row
ser.
Of
co
urs
e,
the b
row
se
r o
n t
he c
lien
t m
ust
be c
om
patib
le w
ith
the
ap
plic
atio
n.
Pro
gra
mm
ing
co
de
ru
ns
on
the
se
rve
r,
ind
epe
nde
ntly f
rom
th
e c
lien
t, a
nd
use
rs d
o n
ot
eve
n n
ee
d t
o
kn
ow
th
e lo
ca
tio
n o
f th
e a
pp
lica
tio
n.
Us
ing
Fa
t C
lie
nts
or
Th
in C
lie
nts
D
iffe
ren
t ty
pes o
f d
evic
es c
an b
e u
se
d t
o a
cce
ss t
he
clo
ud
.
De
pe
ndin
g o
n t
he s
itu
atio
n,
it is p
ossib
le t
o u
se
a T
hin
Cli
en
t,
a c
lien
t co
mp
ute
r w
ith
ou
t a
hard
dri
ve
. M
ultip
le u
se
rs w
ork
on
the s
am
e s
erv
er
ma
ch
ine,
acce
sse
d t
hro
ug
h t
he
ir T
hin
Clie
nt
as a
co
nso
le.
A T
hin
Clie
nt
en
viro
nm
ent
typ
ica
lly a
llow
s f
or
les
s f
reed
om
for
the
use
r to
cu
sto
miz
e
an
d
co
ntr
ol
the
so
ftw
are
a
nd
se
ttin
gs o
n h
is d
eskto
p.
On
a V
irtu
al
De
skto
p I
nfr
astr
uctu
re,
the u
se
r h
as i
ts o
wn
virtu
al
ma
ch
ine o
n t
he s
erv
er,
an
d h
as
alm
ost
the s
am
e c
ontr
ol
an
d s
pecific
ity a
s o
n a
lo
ca
l d
eskto
p
PC
.
Clo
ud C
om
putin
g P
ocket
Guid
e
6
Us
ing
mo
bil
e d
ev
ice
s
Incre
asin
gly
, va
rio
us
mo
bil
e
de
vic
es
ca
n
als
o
be
u
se
d.
To
da
y,
mo
st
ce
ll p
ho
ne
s
have
su
ffic
ient
mem
ory
, a
nd
app
lica
tio
ns in
th
e clo
ud
o
fte
n d
o n
ot
ne
ed
sto
rag
e o
n th
e
clie
nt.
T
hou
sa
nd
s
of
app
lica
tio
ns
are
a
va
ilab
le
for
mo
bile
pla
tfo
rms.
Ad
ditio
na
lly,
sp
ecific
app
lica
tio
ns c
an b
e t
ailo
red f
or
use
on t
he m
obile
de
vic
e.
Diffe
ren
t p
latf
orm
s a
re a
va
ilab
le f
or
mo
bile
d
evic
es,
so
sta
nda
rdiz
atio
n
of
ap
plic
atio
ns
is
imp
ort
ant.
N
ot
all
ap
plic
atio
ns
are
a
va
ilab
le
for
all
mo
bile
pla
tfo
rms.
Esp
ecia
lly w
he
n w
ork
ing o
n m
obile
d
evic
es,
the
re m
ust
be
su
ffic
ient
atte
ntio
n fo
r s
afe
ty.
Fo
r in
sta
nce
, te
xt
messa
gin
g
wh
ile d
rivin
g a
ca
r m
ay b
e d
an
ge
rous.
Lo
okin
g a
t a
scre
en
wh
ile w
ork
ing i
n a
d
an
gero
us e
nvir
onm
ent
ma
y d
istr
act
the
use
r fr
om
ta
kin
g a
pp
rop
ria
te m
easu
res.
In som
e co
un
trie
s,
regu
latio
ns e
xis
t -
e.g
. fo
r p
roh
ibitin
g t
he u
se
of
a c
ell
ph
on
e
wh
ile d
rivin
g.
Clo
ud C
om
putin
g P
ocket
Guid
e
7
Be
ne
fits
an
d lim
ita
tio
ns
Be
ne
fits
C
lou
d c
om
putin
g c
om
es w
ith
th
e p
rom
ise
of
the
pote
ntia
l fo
r
red
uc
ed
co
st.
As l
arg
e s
ca
le d
ata
ce
nte
rs b
en
efit
fro
m t
he
inve
stm
ents
by t
he
Se
rvic
e P
rovid
er,
th
ey h
old
th
e p
ote
ntia
l o
f
off
ering
su
bsta
ntia
l e
co
no
mie
s o
f sca
le.
Usin
g
reso
urc
es
like
sto
rage
in
th
e
Clo
ud
re
qu
ire
s
only
inve
stm
ent
in t
he
ca
pa
city n
ee
de
d.
Ad
ditio
na
l n
ee
ds d
o n
ot
requ
ire
bud
get
for
ne
w la
rge
devic
es.
Re
so
urc
es a
nd
se
rvic
es
ca
n b
e a
ctiva
ted a
nd
d
ea
ctiva
ted o
ve
r tim
e in
a
sca
lab
le,
fle
xib
le a
nd
co
st-
eff
icie
nt
wa
y.
Th
e C
lou
d i
nd
eed
allo
ws f
or
a
pa
y-a
s-y
ou
-go
mo
de
l (p
ay-f
or-
use
).
Fo
r in
sta
nce
, im
agin
e
the
ne
ed
a
te
st
and
d
eve
lopm
ent
pla
tfo
rm o
r in
fra
str
uctu
re f
or
a n
ew
ap
plic
atio
n p
roje
ct
for
only
a l
imite
d p
eri
od o
f tim
e.
Ra
the
r th
an
bu
yin
g n
ew
se
rve
r a
nd
sto
rag
e h
ard
wa
re a
nd
data
base
and
syste
m s
oft
wa
re f
or
this
pro
ject,
yo
u c
an
als
o u
se
th
e t
em
po
rary
cap
ac
ity f
rom
th
e
Clo
ud
fo
r th
e t
ime
yo
u n
ee
d it.
Oth
er
typ
ica
l ca
nd
ida
tes
for
the
Clo
ud
in
clu
de
th
ose
app
lica
tio
ns
or
se
rvic
es
wh
ere
d
em
an
d
for
ca
pa
cit
y
is
dif
fic
ult
to
pre
dic
t. T
his
ca
n a
lso
be
beca
use
it
is i
ncre
asin
g
or
decre
asin
g a
t a
ra
pid
sp
ee
d,
be
ca
use
it
ca
n v
ary
or
burs
t
ve
ry h
ea
vily
ove
r tim
e,
or
is lin
ke
d t
o a
cyclic
al e
vo
lutio
n.
Als
o,
go
ing liv
e w
ith
a
n
ew
a
pp
lica
tio
n o
r se
rvic
e m
ay
be
possib
le in
h
ours
ra
the
r th
an
w
ee
ks o
r m
onth
s.
Th
is m
ay
su
pp
ort
a
m
ore
fle
xib
le a
nd p
lan
nin
g fo
r n
ew
re
lea
se
s a
nd
there
fore
im
pro
ve
th
e T
ime
-to
-ma
rke
t a
nd
Tim
e t
o V
alu
e.
Clo
ud C
om
putin
g P
ocket
Guid
e
8
Lim
ita
tio
ns
O
n
the
oth
er
ha
nd,
Clo
ud
co
mp
utin
g
co
me
s
with
a
de
pe
nd
en
cy
fro
m
Inte
rne
t c
on
ne
cti
vit
y.
Su
ffic
ient
ban
dw
idth
is n
ee
ded
. In
ca
se
of
netw
ork
pro
ble
ms,
reso
urc
es
in t
he
Clo
ud
ma
y h
ave
lo
we
r a
va
ilab
ility
a
nd
lo
ng
er
acce
ss
tim
es.
De
pen
din
g o
n t
he
ap
plic
atio
n n
ee
ds,
late
ncy o
n t
he lin
e
ma
y d
ire
ctly in
flu
en
ce
ap
plic
atio
n p
erf
orm
ance
.
Re
gu
lati
on
s a
nd
co
mp
lia
nc
y r
eq
uir
em
en
ts m
ay v
ary
fro
m
co
un
try t
o c
oun
try a
nd
fro
m s
itu
atio
n t
o s
itu
atio
n.
Esp
ecia
lly
gove
rnm
ent
entitie
s m
ay b
e s
ubje
ct
to a
dd
itio
nal
restr
ictio
ns
on w
here
th
e d
ata
is l
oca
ted.
Th
is m
ay m
ake
it
mo
re d
ifficu
lt
to re
ly o
n a
p
ub
lic clo
ud
p
rovid
er
with
d
ata
ce
nte
rs in
o
the
r
co
un
trie
s.
Clo
ud
co
mp
utin
g
co
me
s
with
in
here
nt
nee
ds
to
co
ntr
ol
sec
uri
ty a
ppro
pri
ate
ly.
Re
so
urc
es i
n t
he C
lou
d m
ay in
de
ed
be
mo
re
difficu
lt
to
pro
tect
ag
ain
st
intr
usio
ns
an
d
oth
er
se
cu
rity
risks.
Pa
rt
of
the
se
cu
rity
ch
alle
ng
e
is
linke
d
to
runn
ing
ap
plic
atio
ns
ove
r a
p
ub
licly
a
cce
ssib
le
ne
two
rk.
Ad
ditio
na
lly,
lea
vin
g co
ntr
ol
to a
n e
xte
rna
l se
rvic
e p
rovid
er,
ope
ratin
g o
n a
la
rge
sh
are
d e
nvir
onm
ent,
co
me
s w
ith
a n
ee
d
to p
ut
tru
st
in th
e s
erv
ice
pro
vid
er.
Po
ssib
ly
eve
n
mo
re
tha
n
for
tra
ditio
n
se
rvic
e
co
ntr
acts
,
co
ntr
actu
al
co
mm
itm
en
ts f
rom
th
e e
xte
rna
l p
rovid
er
as w
ell
as
role
s
and
re
sp
on
sib
ilitie
s
nee
d
to
be
ve
ry
cle
ar
to
all
part
ies in
vo
lve
d.
Co
ntr
acts
co
me
with
a c
lea
r S
erv
ice
Le
ve
l
Ag
ree
me
nt
and
so
me
tim
es
als
o
a
pen
alty
me
ch
an
ism
fo
r
bre
ach
es.
Clo
ud C
om
putin
g P
ocket
Guid
e
9
Ba
sic
ba
ck
gro
un
d r
ea
din
g
His
tor
ica
l b
ac
kg
ro
un
d
Clo
ud
co
mp
utin
g c
an b
e s
itu
ate
d w
ith
in a
n e
vo
luti
on
of
IT.
Ea
rly m
ain
fram
e c
om
pute
rs w
ere
la
rge a
cco
un
tin
g m
ach
ine
s,
se
rvin
g a
sin
gle
pu
rpo
se
, lo
ng b
efo
re o
ther
functio
ns lik
e w
ord
pro
ce
ssin
g,
de
sig
nin
g
an
d
gam
ing
we
re
ava
ilab
le.
Th
e
Pe
rso
na
l C
om
pute
r b
rou
gh
t IT
re
so
urc
es c
lose
r to
th
e u
se
r.
Th
en
, th
e C
lient
/ S
erv
er
mo
de
l b
rou
ght
a c
om
bin
atio
n o
f th
e
use
of
a C
lien
t a
nd
Se
rve
r re
so
urc
es a
cce
sse
d t
hro
ugh
th
e
netw
ork
. T
oda
y,
va
rio
us I
T r
eso
urc
es a
re u
se
d o
n t
he l
oca
l
clie
nt
an
d o
ve
r th
e n
etw
ork
on a
wid
e r
an
ge o
f d
evic
es.
Se
rve
r in
fra
str
uctu
res u
se
virtu
aliz
atio
n a
nd h
igh
-pe
rfo
rma
nce
netw
ork
s
to
off
er
eve
r in
cre
asin
g
fle
xib
ility
. O
ve
r th
e
past
deca
de
s,
ne
two
rks h
ave
be
co
me
in
terc
onn
ecte
d t
hro
ugh
th
e
Inte
rne
t, w
hic
h e
vo
lve
d f
rom
an
in
itia
tive
of
the
US
Min
istr
y o
f
De
fense
. R
elia
bili
ty
an
d
ban
dw
idth
o
f co
nn
ectio
ns
ha
ve
imp
rove
d,
an
d c
osts
are
de
cre
asin
g.
Th
is h
as o
pen
ed n
ew
tech
nic
al
po
ssib
ilit
ies
to
a
cce
ss
app
lica
tio
ns
an
d
oth
er
reso
urc
es o
ve
r th
e I
nte
rne
t.
At
the s
am
e t
ime
, o
rga
niz
atio
ns h
ave
op
ted
to
fo
cu
s o
n t
he
Co
re B
us
ine
ss
. S
om
e a
sp
ects
of
IT h
ave t
urn
ed o
ut
to b
e
str
ate
gic
to
th
e
bu
sin
ess,
and
h
ave
b
ee
n
co
nsid
ere
d
ke
y
asse
ts f
or
the o
rga
niz
atio
n.
Bu
t o
ve
r tim
e,
oth
er
asp
ects
of
IT
have
b
ee
n
co
nsid
ere
d
co
mm
odity
se
rvic
es
tha
t ca
n
be
outs
ourc
ed
o
r o
pe
rate
d
with
p
art
ne
rs.
So
me
o
rga
niz
atio
ns
decid
ed t
o r
ely
on M
an
age
d S
erv
ice
s f
or
the
ma
na
ge
me
nt
of
their IT
se
rvic
es.
Su
ch
o
rgan
iza
tio
ns h
ave
e
vo
lve
d to
wa
rds
not
wa
ntin
g t
o c
are
ab
out
the t
ech
nic
al a
nd
op
era
tio
na
l d
eta
ils
of
the
ir I
T r
eso
urc
es a
nd
IT
in
fra
str
uctu
re a
nym
ore
.
Clo
ud C
om
putin
g P
ocket
Guid
e
10
Ne
two
rk
ing
te
ch
no
log
ies
E
ve
n
thou
gh
a
ne
two
rk
is
not
alw
ays
a
Clo
ud
, it
is
an
imp
ort
ant
ele
me
nt
for
it.
Ne
two
rks h
ave
e
vo
lve
d fr
om
e
arl
y
inco
mp
atib
le
pro
prieta
ry
netw
ork
s
into
to
da
y's
sta
nd
ard
s
wh
ich
in
clu
de
Eth
ern
et,
TC
P/I
P a
nd
HT
TP
.
·
Th
e E
the
rne
t is
th
e l
ead
ing
netw
ork
le
ve
l p
roto
co
l fo
r
runn
ing t
he
Loca
l A
rea
Ne
two
rk.
Ea
rly s
tan
dard
iza
tio
n
by
the
In
stitu
te
for
Ele
ctr
ica
l a
nd
E
lectr
on
ics
En
gin
eers
(I
EE
E)
has
en
able
d
its
su
cce
ss
aga
inst
com
petin
g te
ch
nolo
gie
s.
·
Th
e
Inte
rne
t p
roto
co
l su
ite
(T
CP
/IP
) is
th
e
se
t o
f
com
mu
nic
atio
ns p
roto
co
ls u
se
d f
or
the
In
tern
et.
Th
e
Tra
nsm
issio
n C
on
tro
l P
roto
co
l (T
CP
) a
nd
the I
nte
rne
t
Pro
toco
l (I
P)
pro
toco
ls a
re p
art
of
it.
·
Th
e H
yp
ert
ext
Tra
nsfe
r P
roto
co
l (H
TT
P)
is t
he b
asis
for
data
co
mm
unic
atio
n o
n th
e W
orld W
ide W
eb
. It
no
w
is
an
off
icia
l sta
nd
ard
fr
om
th
e
Inte
rne
t
En
gin
eerin
g T
ask F
orc
e (
IET
F)
and
th
e W
orld W
ide
Web
C
on
so
rtiu
m
(W3
C),
d
ocu
me
nte
d
in
so
-ca
lled
Re
qu
ests
fo
r C
om
me
nts
(R
FC
s).
HT
TP
defin
es n
ine
actio
ns o
n d
ata
, in
clu
din
g H
EA
D,
GE
T a
nd
PO
ST
.
Ne
two
rkin
g p
roto
co
ls a
re c
om
mo
nly
ma
pp
ed
on
th
e 7
la
ye
rs
of
the O
pe
n S
yste
ms
In
terc
on
ne
cti
on
mo
de
l (O
SI
mo
de
l).
Alth
ou
gh n
o e
nd
-use
r w
ou
ld t
yp
ica
lly n
ee
d t
o d
eb
ug
th
e u
se
of
these
sta
nd
ard
p
roto
co
ls,
tro
ub
lesh
ootin
g
is
ce
rta
inly
possib
le b
y u
sin
g p
roto
co
l a
na
lyze
rs (s
niffe
rs).
D
ep
en
din
g
on t
he c
onfig
ura
tio
n o
f th
e n
etw
ork
, su
ch
to
ols
ma
y a
lso
be
use
d
to
reco
nstr
uct
co
nfid
en
tia
l d
ata
b
ein
g
tra
nsfe
rre
d.
Th
ere
fore
th
e u
se
of
them
ma
y b
e p
roh
ibite
d o
r co
nsid
ere
d a
se
cu
rity
th
rea
t.
Clo
ud C
om
putin
g P
ocket
Guid
e
11
Fo
rm
att
ing
sta
nd
ar
ds
W
he
n su
pp
ort
ing
C
lou
d co
mp
utin
g,
so
me
u
nd
ers
tan
din
g o
f
scrip
tin
g a
nd
co
nte
nt-
form
attin
g la
ng
ua
ges a
nd a
pp
roach
es
for
ba
ck-u
p a
nd r
eco
very
ca
n b
e u
se
ful.
Th
e W
eb s
erv
er
typ
ica
lly c
ove
rs m
ost
of
the c
om
putin
g t
o b
e
don
e,
in
se
rve
r-sid
e
pro
gra
mm
ing
lang
uag
es
Th
e
clie
nt
typ
ica
lly r
ece
ive
s p
ag
es i
n t
he H
yp
ert
ext
Ma
rku
p L
an
gu
ag
e
and
add
itio
na
l co
nte
nt
that
ca
n b
e d
isp
laye
d t
hro
ug
h b
row
se
r-
plu
gin
s.
Su
ch
p
ag
es ca
n co
nta
in scrip
tin
g th
at
run
s o
n th
e
clie
nt,
w
ritt
en
in
Ja
va
Scrip
t.
Ja
va
Scrip
t O
bje
ct
No
tatio
n
(JS
ON
) is
a s
ub
se
t o
f Ja
va
Scrip
t ty
pic
ally
use
d t
o e
xch
an
ge
data
. E
xte
nsib
le M
ark
up L
an
gu
ag
e (
XM
L)
is a
sta
nd
ard
of
the
World
W
ide
We
b
Co
nso
rtiu
m
for
the
syn
tax
of
ma
rkup
lan
gua
ges f
or
str
uctu
red
da
ta.
XM
L c
an
be r
ea
d i
n a
num
ber
of
pro
gra
ms,
inclu
din
g t
he b
row
se
r.
It
is
use
ful
to
ha
ve
a
b
asic
u
nd
ers
tan
din
g
of
sto
rag
e
co
nce
pts
. N
etw
ork
-atta
ch
ed
sto
rag
e (
NA
S)
refe
rs t
o a
sto
rag
e
devic
e t
hat
is c
onn
ecte
d t
o t
he
netw
ork
. N
AS
de
vic
es a
re i
n
fact
com
ple
te
file
se
rve
rs.
Co
mm
on
Inte
rne
t F
ile
Syste
m
(CIF
S)
or
Se
rve
r M
essa
ge
Blo
ck (
SM
B),
is a
netw
ork
pro
toco
l
for
sh
are
d a
cce
ss t
o f
iles a
nd
oth
er
reso
urc
es.
More
in
g
en
era
l,
sta
nd
ard
s
are
im
port
ant.
A
pp
lica
tio
n
of
sta
nd
ard
s
pro
vid
es
un
ifo
rmity
an
d
port
ab
ility
. S
tand
ard
org
an
iza
tio
ns
inclu
de
th
e
Inte
rna
tio
nal
Org
an
iza
tio
n
for
Sta
nd
ard
iza
tio
n (
ISO
) a
nd
in
du
str
ial
org
an
iza
tio
ns.
Th
e O
pen
Clo
ud
C
onso
rtiu
m
(OC
C)
is
a
no
t-fo
r-p
rofit
su
pp
ort
ing
th
e
clo
ud
co
mm
unity b
y o
pe
ratin
g c
lou
d in
fra
str
uctu
re.
Clo
ud C
om
putin
g P
ocket
Guid
e
12
Co
nc
ep
ts o
f V
irtu
ali
za
tio
n a
nd
Ma
na
ge
me
nt
Vir
tua
liza
tio
n is t
he
cre
atio
n o
f a
virtu
al ve
rsio
n o
f so
me
thin
g,
su
ch
a
s a
h
ard
wa
re p
latf
orm
, o
pe
ratin
g syste
m,
a sto
rag
e
devic
e o
r n
etw
ork
re
so
urc
es.
Se
rve
r h
ard
wa
re virtu
aliz
atio
n
invo
lve
s r
un
nin
g s
eve
ral
vir
tual
ma
ch
ines (
als
o c
alle
d g
ue
st
mach
ines)
on t
he
sa
me
physic
al
se
rve
r (a
lso
ca
lled
th
e h
ost
mach
ine).
Th
e s
erv
er
runs a
hyp
erv
iso
r, w
hic
h l
ies b
en
ea
th
the g
ue
st
op
era
tin
g s
yste
ms a
nd
ma
na
ge
s t
he
exe
cu
tio
n o
f
them
.
Be
ne
fits
of
tod
ay's
virtu
aliz
atio
n te
ch
no
logie
s i
nclu
de
bett
er
usa
ge
o
f a
va
ilab
le
hard
wa
re,
mo
re
fle
xib
ility
in
u
sin
g
hard
wa
re a
nd
oth
er
reso
urc
es,
hig
h-a
va
ilab
ility
by p
erf
orm
ed
both
p
lann
ed
an
d
unp
lan
ne
d
fail-
ove
r b
etw
ee
n
ph
ysic
al
mach
ines,
an
d
the
pote
ntia
l fo
r sp
ecific
m
ana
ge
me
nt
functio
na
lity o
n t
he v
irtu
aliz
atio
n la
ye
r.
Th
e h
yp
erv
iso
r d
oe
s n
ot
run
an a
ntiviru
s s
oft
wa
re.
Wh
en
one
of
the v
irtu
al m
ach
ines is a
ffe
cte
d b
y a
vir
us
, o
nly
th
at
virtu
al
mach
ine is in
fecte
d.
Op
en
Vir
tua
liza
tio
n F
orm
at
(OV
F)
is a
n o
pe
n s
tan
dard
fo
r
packa
gin
g
an
d
dis
trib
utin
g
virtu
al
app
liance
s
or
mo
re
gen
era
lly s
oft
wa
re t
o b
e r
un
in
virtu
al m
ach
ines.
Re
leva
nt
sta
nd
ard
s a
nd
pro
toco
ls f
or
sys
tem
s m
an
ag
em
en
t
inclu
de t
he f
ollo
win
g:
·
WB
EM
: W
eb
-Ba
se
d E
nte
rprise
Ma
nag
em
ent
·
DM
TF
: D
istr
ibute
d M
an
age
me
nt T
ask F
orc
e
·
SM
I-S
: S
tora
ge
Ma
na
gem
ent
Initia
tive
Sp
ecific
atio
n
·
SM
AS
H:
Syste
m M
an
ag
em
ent
Arc
hite
ctu
re f
or
Syste
m H
ard
wa
re
Clo
ud C
om
putin
g P
ocket
Guid
e
13
Clo
ud
arc
hit
ec
ture
s a
nd
se
cu
rity
Clo
ud
ar
ch
ite
ctu
re
s
Clo
ud
co
mp
utin
g c
om
es a
s a
lo
gic
al
evo
lutio
n f
rom
co
nce
pts
like
Se
rvic
e O
rie
nte
d A
rch
ite
ctu
re,
dis
trib
ute
d c
om
putin
g a
nd
virtu
aliz
atio
n.
To
da
y,
Tie
red
, M
ult
ipu
rpo
se a
nd
Da
tace
nte
r
arc
hit
ec
ture
s a
re u
se
d.
·
Th
e W
eb fr
ont-
end
is
re
sp
on
sib
le fo
r re
sp
on
din
g to
clie
nt
req
uests
.
·
Th
e
Bu
sin
ess
log
ic
tie
r e
nab
les
mu
ltip
le
back-e
nd
app
lica
tio
n s
erv
ers
.
·
Th
e D
ata
base
tie
r e
nsu
res lo
ad
ba
lan
ce
d d
ata
base
s.
A
loa
d
ba
lance
r m
ake
s
su
re
that
the
ba
ck-e
nd
se
rve
rs
pro
pe
rly d
istr
ibute
the
wo
rklo
ad
.
With
a P
riva
te C
lou
d o
r L
oc
al
Clo
ud
im
ple
me
nta
tio
n,
se
rve
rs
are
ke
pt
in-h
ou
se
. S
erv
ers
in
lo
ca
l clo
ud
s m
ay b
e a
cce
sse
d
by
both
u
se
rs
at
the
lo
ca
tio
n
of
the
d
ata
ce
nte
r a
nd
fro
m
outs
ide
th
e lo
ca
tio
n o
f th
e d
ata
ce
nte
r. S
erv
ers
and
th
e c
lients
usin
g t
he
m a
re n
ot
nece
ssa
rily
on t
he
sa
me
lo
ca
tio
n o
r e
ve
n
in t
he s
am
e c
oun
try.
Th
e
Priva
te
Clo
ud
im
ple
me
nta
tio
n
is
to
be
se
en
a
ga
inst
Pu
bli
c C
lou
d a
nd H
yb
rid
Clo
ud
im
ple
me
nta
tio
ns.
Th
e w
ord
Pa
rtn
er
Clo
ud
is
so
me
tim
es
use
d
for
hoste
d
so
lutio
n
that
pro
vid
es
a
hig
he
r le
ve
l o
f co
ntr
ol
than
P
ub
lic
Clo
ud
imp
lem
enta
tio
ns
bu
t ye
t ru
ns
off
p
rem
ise
s
and
w
ith
th
e
eco
no
mie
s
of
sca
le
that
co
me
with
a
(s
em
i-)s
hare
d
enviro
nm
ent.
Clo
ud C
om
putin
g P
ocket
Guid
e
14
Se
cu
rit
y p
rin
cip
les
C
lou
d
co
mp
utin
g
co
me
s
with
s
ecu
rity
ri
sk
s,
inclu
din
g
co
nce
rns
ove
r p
rote
ctio
n
of
data
. A
ppro
pri
ate
m
itig
atin
g
me
asu
res
nee
d
to
be
ta
ke
n.
Th
ere
m
ust
be
app
ropria
te
atte
ntio
n f
or
priva
cy a
nd
co
mp
liance
issu
es a
nd s
afe
gu
ard
s -
e.g
. th
e
He
alth
P
ort
ab
ility
a
nd
A
cco
un
tab
ility
A
ct
(HIP
AA
)
priva
cy r
ule
pro
vid
es p
rote
ctio
n o
f h
ea
lth
in
form
atio
n.
The
e
sse
ntia
l e
lem
ents
o
f se
cu
rity
a
re
Co
nfi
de
nti
ali
ty,
Inte
gri
ty
an
d
Av
ail
ab
ilit
y.
Da
ta
sh
ou
ld
ind
eed
o
nly
b
e
acce
sse
d
by
au
tho
rize
d
pe
op
le
(co
nfid
en
tia
lity)
an
d
mo
dific
atio
ns s
hou
ld o
nly
com
e f
rom
auth
ori
ze
d p
eo
ple
an
d
pro
ce
sse
s
(in
teg
rity
).
Ba
cku
ps
help
e
nsu
re
ava
ilab
ility
a
nd
inte
grity
of
info
rma
tio
n.
Me
asu
res
for
auth
ori
ze
d
use
in
clu
de
A
uth
en
tic
ati
on
,
Au
tho
riza
tio
n a
nd
A
cco
un
tab
ilit
y (A
AA
). A
uth
en
tica
tio
n is
wh
ere
so
me
on
e's
id
en
tity
is
a
uth
entica
ted
, e
.g.
with
a
use
rna
me
a
nd
p
assw
ord
. A
uth
ori
za
tio
n d
ete
rmin
es w
he
the
r
som
eon
e is a
uth
ori
ze
d t
o p
erf
orm
a g
ive
n a
ctivity.
Acco
un
tin
g
invo
lve
s t
he t
rackin
g o
f re
so
urc
e u
sa
ge
fo
r d
iffe
ren
t pu
rpose
s.
On
e
asp
ect
of
se
cu
rity
m
ana
ge
me
nt
is
ne
two
rk
sec
uri
ty.
We
ll-kn
ow
n
typ
es
of
atta
cks
inclu
de
D
en
ial-
of-
se
rvic
e
and
Dis
trib
ute
d D
en
ial o
f S
erv
ice
an
d M
an
-in-t
he-m
iddle
att
ack.
A V
irtu
al
Pri
va
te N
etw
ork
ca
n b
e u
se
d t
o p
rovid
e a
cce
ss t
o
a L
oca
l A
rea
Ne
two
rk.
A V
irtu
al
Pri
va
te N
etw
ork
(V
PN
) is
a
se
cu
red
co
nn
ectio
n f
or
rem
ote
acce
ss t
o a
lo
ca
l a
rea
ne
two
rk.
Inte
rne
t P
roto
co
l S
ecu
rity
(IP
Se
c)
is a
typ
ica
l se
cu
rity
pro
toco
l
use
d fo
r b
uild
ing
su
ch
a
V
PN
. P
rett
y G
ood
P
riva
cy (P
GP
)
pro
vid
es d
ata
encry
ptio
n a
nd d
ecry
ptio
n f
or
com
mu
nic
atio
n.
Clo
ud C
om
putin
g P
ocket
Guid
e
15
Ide
nti
ty M
an
ag
em
en
t in
th
e C
lou
d
Iden
tity
m
ana
ge
me
nt
in
the
Clo
ud
co
me
s
with
th
e
use
o
f
Fe
de
ratio
n a
nd
th
e u
se
of
pre
se
nce
da
ta.
Fe
de
rati
on
re
fers
to c
lou
d b
ase
d i
de
ntity
ma
na
ge
me
nt
en
ablin
g s
ing
le s
ign
-on
for
mu
ltip
le s
yste
ms.
·
·
·
·
Pre
sen
ce
da
ta i
nd
ica
te w
he
the
r a
use
r is
ava
ilab
le,
an
d m
ay
als
o in
dic
ate
pers
on
al in
form
atio
n p
rovid
ed
by t
he
use
r o
n h
is
or
her
mo
od
, lo
ca
tio
n
or
activity.
A
sta
nd
ard
p
roto
co
l fo
r
pre
se
nce
is t
he E
xte
nsib
le M
essa
gin
g a
nd
Pre
se
nce
Pro
toco
l
(XM
PP
). I
t ca
n b
e p
art
of
an
In
sta
nt
Messa
gin
g a
nd P
rese
nce
Se
rvic
e (
IMP
S).
Lo
cati
on
in
form
ati
on
is
u
se
d to
d
ete
rmin
e th
e g
eo
gra
ph
ic
loca
tio
n o
f th
e u
se
r o
f a
n a
pplic
atio
n.
Lo
ca
tio
n d
ata
ca
nno
t b
e
use
d t
o i
de
ntify
or
tra
ck a
n i
nd
ivid
ua
l u
se
r n
or
to d
ete
rmin
e
wh
o h
as a
cce
sse
d a
docu
me
nt
sto
red
in
th
e c
lou
d.
Th
e u
se
r's
ide
ntity
m
ay
or
ma
y
no
t b
e
kn
ow
n
to
the
app
lica
tio
n,
dep
en
din
g o
n t
he a
pp
lica
tio
n.
Se
cu
rity
pro
toco
ls l
ike
an
d O
pen
ID c
an b
e u
se
d.
Th
an
ks t
o
the u
se
of
the
Op
en
ID s
tan
dard
, u
se
rs c
an c
reate
an
acco
un
t
once
a
nd
th
en
use
th
ose
a
cco
un
ts
for
sig
nin
g
on
to
a
ny
we
bsite
w
hic
h a
cce
pts
O
pen
ID a
uth
entica
tio
n.
Op
en
ID h
as
beco
me
m
ore
a
nd
m
ore
com
mo
n o
ve
r th
e p
revio
us ye
ars
,
and
ado
ptio
n is s
till
gro
win
g.
Clo
ud C
om
putin
g P
ocket
Guid
e
16
Eva
lua
tin
g C
lou
d c
om
pu
tin
g
Whe
n e
va
lua
tin
g c
lou
d c
om
pu
tin
g i
mp
lem
en
tati
on
s,
both
perf
orm
ance
fa
cto
rs,
ma
na
ge
me
nt
requ
ire
me
nts
a
nd
sa
tisfa
ctio
n
facto
rs
as
we
ll a
s
se
rvic
e
pro
vid
ers
a
nd
the
ir
se
rvic
es in
Clo
ud
co
mp
utin
g a
re r
ele
va
nt.
E.g
., w
he
n c
onsid
eri
ng t
o u
se
So
ftw
are
-as-a
-Se
rvic
e,
a t
ria
l
pe
rio
d c
an h
elp
to
eva
lua
te t
hat
the s
ele
cte
d a
pp
lica
tio
n i
s
app
rop
riate
. C
ha
ng
es i
n t
he
in
fra
str
uctu
re c
an b
e p
erf
orm
ed
aft
er
the
tria
l p
eri
od.
Oth
er
asp
ects
a
re
mo
re
difficu
lt
to
asse
ss.
Th
e b
an
dw
idth
d
uring
th
e tr
ial
peri
od m
ay n
ot
be
realis
tic
and
b
an
dw
idth
ca
n
be
en
larg
ed
w
hile
u
sin
g
the
app
lica
tio
n.
Als
o,
the t
ria
l p
erio
d w
ill t
yp
ica
lly b
e t
oo s
hort
to
su
ffic
iently e
va
lua
te t
he S
LA
with
th
e v
en
dor.
The b
us
ine
ss c
as
e fo
r C
loud
co
mp
utin
g ca
n b
e b
uilt
on a
com
pariso
n
betw
ee
n
co
sts
a
nd
p
ossib
le
sa
vin
gs
of
Clo
ud
com
putin
g.
Usin
g C
lou
d c
om
putin
g m
ay n
ee
d l
ess s
taff
, b
ut
usin
g C
lou
d co
mp
utin
g d
oes a
lso
co
me
w
ith
th
e n
ee
d fo
r
sp
ecia
lize
d
skill
s.
Usin
g
Clo
ud
co
mp
utin
g
ma
y
pla
ce
le
ss
str
ess o
n I
T s
taff
fre
ed
fro
m n
orm
al
daily
activitie
s a
s s
een
in
typ
ica
l d
ata
ce
nte
rs.
E.g
.,
there
m
ay
be
less
wo
rry
abo
ut
norm
al d
aily
activitie
s lik
e m
akin
g b
acku
ps.
Whe
n co
nsid
erin
g th
e T
ota
l C
os
t o
f O
wn
ers
hip
(T
CO
) of
both
a p
ote
ntia
l C
loud
se
rvic
e a
nd
th
e a
lte
rna
tive
, a
ll re
leva
nt
asp
ects
nee
d t
o b
e t
ake
n i
nto
acco
un
t. F
or
insta
nce
, fa
cili
tie
s
and
e
nviro
nm
ent
asp
ects
in
clu
din
g
ele
ctr
icity
pla
y
a
role
.
Pra
ctice
has le
arn
ed
th
at
the C
lou
d i
s n
ot
an
a
ll-or-
noth
ing
sce
na
rio fo
r th
e e
ntire
IT
. R
ece
nt
ado
pte
rs h
ave
se
en
th
e
ben
efits
of
a m
ixe
d (
hyb
rid
) e
nvir
onm
ent
base
d o
n a
th
oro
ug
h
und
ers
tan
din
g o
f th
eir b
usin
ess a
nd
th
eir s
pecific
ne
ed
s.
Clo
ud C
om
putin
g P
ocket
Guid
e
17
Re
fere
nc
es
EX
IN (
ed)
Clo
ud
co
mp
utin
g F
ou
nda
tio
n -
Pre
pa
ratio
n G
uid
e
EX
IN,
20
11
EX
IN (
ed)
Clo
ud
co
mp
utin
g F
ou
nda
tio
n -
Sa
mp
le Q
ue
stio
ns
EX
IN,
20
11
EX
IN (
ed)
Clo
ud
co
mp
utin
g F
ou
nda
tio
n, b
asic
tra
inin
g m
ate
ria
l
EX
IN,
20
11
Ch
ris H
ard
ing
Clo
ud
Co
mp
utin
g F
or
Bu
sin
ess,
Th
e O
pe
n G
rou
p G
uid
e
Va
n H
are
n P
ublis
hin
g,
20
11
ISB
N:
97
8 9
0 8
753
657
2
Clo
ud C
om
putin
g P
ocket
Guid
e
18
Te
st
yo
urs
elf
Pa
rt
1
1. W
hic
h f
un
cti
on
ality
is
be
st
su
ite
d t
o p
rov
ide
sin
gle
sig
n-o
n o
n a
clo
ud
ap
pli
ca
tio
n u
sin
g y
ou
r o
wn
Ac
tiv
e
Dir
ecto
ry s
erv
er?
A.
Fe
dera
tio
n s
erv
ice
s
B.
Virtu
al P
riva
te N
etw
ork
C. H
yp
ert
ext
Tra
nsfe
r P
roto
co
l
D.
No
ne
of
the
ab
ove
2. W
hic
h o
f th
e f
oll
ow
ing
is m
os
t ty
pic
al o
f a
Lo
cal
Clo
ud
imp
lem
en
tati
on
?
A.
It is n
ot
sh
are
d w
ith
oth
er
use
rs
B. S
erv
ers
are
ke
pt
in-h
ouse
C. T
he a
pp
lica
tio
n r
un
s a
s a
se
rvic
e
D. T
he S
erv
ice
Pro
vid
er
en
su
res e
nd-t
o-e
nd c
ove
rag
e
3. W
hic
h o
f th
e f
oll
ow
ing
ma
y t
yp
ica
lly
ha
ve
a n
eg
ati
ve
imp
act
on
th
e b
us
ine
ss c
ase
fo
r C
lou
d c
om
pu
tin
g?
A.
Co
sts
of
ba
nd
wid
th a
nd n
etw
ork
ing
B.
Co
sts
of
op
era
tio
na
l sta
ffin
g
C.
Co
sts
of
ne
w h
ard
wa
re in
ve
stm
ents
D.
Te
ch
nic
al kn
ow
ledg
e o
f th
e S
erv
ice
De
sk
Clo
ud C
om
putin
g P
ocket
Guid
e
19
4. W
he
n r
ea
d a
cce
ss t
o d
ata
by u
na
uth
ori
ze
d p
eo
ple
fro
m
the
In
tern
et
is a
th
rea
t, w
hic
h a
sp
ec
t o
f s
ec
uri
ty i
s a
t
ris
k?
A.
Co
nfid
en
tia
lity
B.
Inte
gri
ty
C.
Ava
ilab
ility
D.
Au
the
ntica
tio
n
5. W
ha
t is
th
e h
yp
erv
iso
r u
sed
fo
r?
A.
Lin
kin
g b
etw
ee
n a
pp
lica
tio
ns
B.
Str
ong
auth
en
tica
tio
n
C.
Pri
va
cy r
eg
ula
tio
ns
D.
Virtu
aliz
atio
n
Clo
ud C
om
putin
g P
ocket
Guid
e
20
Pa
rt
2
1. O
n w
hic
h p
art
of
the
OS
I re
fere
nc
e m
od
el w
ou
ld
ap
pli
ca
tio
n p
roto
co
ls lik
e H
TT
P,
FT
P,
SS
H,
Te
lne
t b
e
ma
pp
ed
?
A.
Fra
me
Rela
y
B.
La
ye
r 7
C.
La
ye
r 1
0
D.
Co
re p
roto
co
ls
2. W
hic
h o
f th
e f
oll
ow
ing
is N
OT
a b
en
efi
t o
f
vir
tua
liza
tio
n?
A.
Imp
rove
d d
ata
ba
se
perf
orm
ance
B.
Fa
il-o
ve
r b
etw
ee
n m
ach
ines
C.
Mu
ltip
le g
uest
op
era
tin
g s
yste
ms r
unn
ing o
n th
e p
hysic
al
mach
ine
D.
Be
tter
ha
rdw
are
ca
pa
city u
sa
ge
3. W
ha
t c
ou
ld b
e t
he
im
pa
ct
of
ne
two
rk d
ow
nti
me
wh
en
us
ing
Clo
ud
co
mp
uti
ng
?
A. In
tegri
ty o
f d
ata
ca
n b
e c
om
pro
mis
ed
B. A
pp
lica
tio
n a
va
ilable
ma
y b
e lo
we
r fo
r th
e u
se
r
C. S
erv
ice
pro
vid
er
assu
me
s r
esp
on
sib
ility
fo
r S
erv
ice
Le
ve
l
D. F
ail-
ove
r to
a lo
ca
l n
etw
ork
is r
equ
ire
d
Clo
ud C
om
putin
g P
ocket
Guid
e
21
4. W
hic
h o
f th
e f
oll
ow
ing
is t
he
BE
ST
de
fin
itio
n f
or
the
Clo
ud
?
A.
A la
rge
po
ol o
f u
sa
ble
an
d a
cce
ssib
le v
irtu
aliz
ed r
eso
urc
es
B.
A s
oft
wa
re p
ack
ag
e f
rom
Go
og
le f
or
Off
ice
use
C.
A s
eri
es
of
inte
rco
nn
ect
ed
We
b s
ite
s
D.
Eth
ern
et
ba
sed
acc
ess
to
vir
tua
lize
d a
pp
lica
tio
ns
5.
Wh
at
wo
uld
be
a t
yp
ica
l u
se f
or
the
XM
PP
pro
toco
l?
A. In
sta
nt
Messa
gin
g a
nd
Pre
se
nce
Se
rvic
e
B. N
etw
ork
An
aly
ze
r
C.
An
tiviru
s f
unctio
na
lity f
or
fire
wa
lls
D.
Syste
ms m
ana
ge
me
nt
of
virtu
al se
rve
rs
An
swe
r k
ey
s
Pa
rt 1
: 1
A -
2B
- 3
A -
4A
- 5
D
Pa
rt 2
: 1
B -
2A
- 3
B -
4A
- 5
A
Clo
ud C
om
putin
g P
ocket
Guid
e
22
Clo
ud
co
mp
uti
ng
Fo
un
da
tio
n e
xam
E
XIN
off
ers
an e
xam
inatio
n a
nd
ce
rtific
atio
n p
rog
ram
a
bo
ut
Clo
ud
co
mp
utin
g e
sse
ntia
ls.
Th
e e
xam
take
s 6
0 m
inu
tes a
nd
co
nta
ins 4
0 m
ultip
le-c
ho
ice
que
stio
ns.
Use
of
note
s,
bo
oks o
r
oth
er
aid
s is n
ot
allo
we
d.
In o
rde
r to
pa
ss t
he e
xa
m,
yo
u n
ee
d
to h
ave
26 c
orr
ect
answ
ers
out
of
40 q
ue
stio
ns.
Th
ere
are
no
re
qu
ire
me
nts
to
be
allo
we
d t
o t
his
exa
m.
It w
ill
co
st
yo
u a
rou
nd
€ 1
40
,00
. A
tte
ndin
g t
rain
ing is r
eco
mm
end
ed
but
not
req
uire
d.
Mo
st
exa
m l
oca
tio
ns w
ill o
ffe
r th
e e
xam
on
the c
om
pute
r-b
ase
d e
nviro
nm
ent.
Fo
r m
ore
in
form
atio
n,
vis
it t
he E
XIN
We
b s
ite
:
ww
w.e
xin
-exa
ms.c
om
