CLOUD COMPUTING AND THE GOVERNMENT

PP290

12/8/2011

Yusuke Kato

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Agenda

1. Understanding cloud computing2. Cloud computing and the

governmentUS GovernmentJapanese GovernmentSummary

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Understanding cloud computing

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Understanding cloud computing A good example of cloud computing is

Google Docs. You don’t need to buy a CD-ROM and

install it in your computer. Just access to Google’s server via

Internet. Write and save files in Google’s server. It’s like borrowing Google’s server and

application.

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Traditional service is like building a house.

Cloud computing is like renting an apartment.

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Why is cloud computing cheaper? Servers are not fully utilized. Average utilization rate is below 10%.

Time

Uti

lizati

on

rate

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Virtualization

10%

“Virtualization” has made it possible to use this portion for other purposes.

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Economies of scale

By aggregation, hourly demand levels off.

Cloud providers achieve efficiency by deploying large-scale servers.

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Characteristics of cloud computing Speedy service　

Low cost

Flexibility

Security concerns

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Major providers

Amazon, Rackspace, Microsoft, Google, Salesforce, IBM, etc.

Some provide application services in addition to lending servers (called SaaS).

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Public cloud versus private cloud

Public cloudStandard cloud model explained

above.

Private cloudOperated solely for a single

organization over the Intranet.Not connected to the Internet. So it’s

Secure.

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Private cloud (cont.)Companies have to buy, build, and

manage servers by themselves.Economies of scale decrease.

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Cloud computing and the government

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US Government

Federal cloud computing strategy (2011) Federal Government’s IT spending is

currently $80 billion. $20 billion is a potential target for migration to cloud computing.

Federal Data Center Consolidation Initiative (2010) Out of current 2,100 data centers, a

minimum of 800 should be eliminated by 2015.

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Source: General Services Administration (GSA),available at: http://info.apps.gov/content/what-are-

deployment-models

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Japanese Government

Kasumigaseki Cloud Project Private cloud model. Basically consolidate all servers. Consolidate as many

operating systems as possible.

Consolidate applications that have similar features across ministries.

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Server Server Server

OS OS OS OS

Application

Application

Application

Application

Server

OS OS OS

Application

ApplicationApplicati

on

Server

Kasumigaseki Cloud

Ministry A

Ministry B

Similar applications

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Ministry B has to change workflow

Summary

US GovernmentHybrid of public and private cloudIncremental approach

Japanese GovernmentPrivate cloudDrastic approach (is it feasible?)

Another “make or buy” issue

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