CLM crops A process based crop

growth model

Yaqiong Lu Terrestrial Sciences Section

CLM Tutorial 2016

Mo#va#onforcropmodeling•  Cropyields=>Foodsupply•  Biofuelcropyields=>Biofuelsupply•  Landatmosphereinterac#ons– Biogeophysical

•  Albedo,energyfluxpar##oning– Biogeochemical

•  Carbonuptakeandrelease

2

CLM4Temp.cornTemp.cerealsTemp.soybeaneffectsonatm.

Levisetal.(2012)

BasedonAgro-IBIS(Kucharik&Brye,2003)cropcode

3

CLM4

Temp.cornTemp.cereals

CLM4.5

w/op#onstofer#lize&

Temp.soybean irrigateeffectsonatm. Olesonetal.(2013)

Levisetal.(2012)enhancedsoilC

decomposi#onSoyNfixa#on

Levisetal.(2013)Drewniaketal.(2013)

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CLM4Temp.cornTemp.cereals

CLM4.5

w/op#onstofer#lize&

Temp.soybean irrigateeffectsonatm. Olesonetal.(2013)

Levisetal.(2012) enhancedsoilCdecomposi#on

Levisetal.(2013)

CLM5

Trop.cornTrop.soybeanSugarcaneRiceCo[onWinterwheatGrainCNproductpool

SoyNfixa#on

Drewniaketal.(2013)

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!0=>not_vegetated!1=>needleleaf_evergreen_temperate_tree!2=>needleleaf_evergreen_boreal_tree!3=>needleleaf_deciduous_boreal_tree!4=>broadleaf_evergreen_tropical_tree!5=>broadleaf_evergreen_temperate_tree!6=>broadleaf_deciduous_tropical_tree!7=>broadleaf_deciduous_temperate_tree!8=>broadleaf_deciduous_boreal_tree!9=>broadleaf_evergreen_shrub!10=>broadleaf_deciduous_temperate_shrub!11=>broadleaf_deciduous_boreal_shrub!12=>c3_arc#c_grass!13=>c3_non-arc#c_grass!14=>c4_grass!15=>c3_crop!16=>c3_irrigated!17=>temperate_corn!18=>irrigated_temperate_corn!19=>spring_wheat!20=>irrigated_spring_wheat!21=>winter_wheat!22=>irrigated_winter_wheat!23=>temperate_soybean!24=>irrigated_temperate_soybean!25=>barley!26=>irrigated_barley!27=>winter_barley!28=>irrigated_winter_barley!29=>rye!30=>irrigated_rye

!31=>winter_rye!32=>irrigated_winter_rye!33=>cassava!34=>irrigated_cassava!35=>citrus!36=>irrigated_citrus!37=>cocoa!38=>irrigated_cocoa!39=>coffee!40=>irrigated_coffee!41=>co[on!42=>irrigated_co[on!43=>datepalm!44=>irrigated_datepalm!45=>foddergrass!46=>irrigated_foddergrass!47=>grapes!48=>irrigated_grapes!49=>groundnuts!50=>irrigated_groundnuts!51=>millet!52=>irrigated_millet!53=>oilpalm!54=>irrigated_oilpalm!55=>potatoes!56=>irrigated_potatoes!57=>pulses!58=>irrigated_pulses!59=>rapeseed!60=>irrigated_rapeseed

!61=>rice!62=>irrigated_rice!63=>sorghum!64=>irrigated_sorghum!65=>sugarbeet!66=>irrigated_sugarbeet!67=>sugarcane!68=>irrigated_sugarcane!69=>sunflower!70=>irrigated_sunflower!71=>miscanthus!72=>irrigated_miscanthus!73=>switchgrass!74=>irrigated_switchgrass!75=>tropical_corn!76=>irrigated_tropical_corn!77=>tropical_soybean!78=>irrigated_tropical_soybean

78plantfunc#ontypesifturnedoncropmodelinCLM5

Howwesimulatecropgrowth?

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Water

Soil

Temperature Photosynthesis

Evapotranspira#on

Nutrientuptake

Carbonalloca#onCO2

Cropphenology

8

planting windows

Month

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecJul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

NHSH

WinterwheatSpringwheatCorn Soybean

Tpcorn Tpsoybean

Co[onRice

Sugarcane

Phase1:Plan#ng-  Withinplan#ngwindows:meettemperaturethresholdse.g.,forcorn:minT10>6oCandT10>10oC-  S#llallowsplan#ngifnotmeetthethresholdandpastplan#ngwindows

Cropphenology

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Phase2:Leafemergence:-  Basedonheataccumulatedinthetopsoillayerse.g.,forwinterwheatGDDtsoi>3%GDDmat=51odays-  Leaf,stem,rootcarbonincreasing

Phase3:Grainfill:-  Basedonheataccumulatedsinceleafemergee.g.,forwinterwheatGDDplant>40%GDDmat=680-  Leafcarbondecreasing-  GraincarbonincreasingPhase4:Harvest:-  Exceedthegrowingdegreedaysformaturity-  or,exceedthemaximumdaysforcropgrowthe.g.,forwinterwheatGDDplant>GDDmat=1700,ordayssinceplan#ng>330days

Cropcarbonalloca#on

f1=aroot:aleaff3=astem:aleaff5=agrain:aleaf

Phase2:

Phase3:

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CropCarbonalloca#on

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Leafcarbon=>leafareaindex,canopyheightGraincarbon=>yield

Addingcropspecificprocesses

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Ø  Vernaliza#onprocesswintercropsmustexposetolow,nonfreezingtemperatures(op#mumtemperature=4.9oC)toenterthereproduc#vestageAgeneralizedvernaliza#onfunc#onforwinterwheat(Strecketal.,2003),effec#vevernaliza#ondaysandvernaliza#onfactorVernaliza#onbeginakergermina#onandendbeforeflowering

Ø  ColdtoleranceanddamageSurvivalrateandwinterkillingdegreedays

Addi#onalprocessesforwinterwheat:

Irriga#on%ofcropsequippedforirriga#on(Portmannetal.2010)

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Nitrogenfer#liza#on

14

corn

sprin

g w

heat

win

ter w

heat

soybean

rice

sugarcane

cotton

tropi

cal c

orn

tropi

cal s

oybe

an

N fe

rtiliz

atio

n (g

N/m

2)

010

2030

4050

20dayswindowsforNfer#liza#onsinceleafemerge

RunCLMcropandcoding

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CLMcropmodelrunwithBGC,needspinupUsecropcompset:ICRUCLM50BGCCROP

./create_newcase-compsetICRUCLM50BGCCROP-machyellowstone-resf19_g16-case~/test_f19_g16_ICRUCLM50BGCCROP

Globalsimula#on:

Singlepoint/regionalsimula#on:

./create_newcase-compsetICRUCLM50BGCCROP-machyellowstone-resCLM_USRDAT-casetest_usrdat_ICRUCLM50BGCCROPCode:•  Definecropvariables:src/biogeochem/CropType.F90•  Phenologyandgrowthprocesses:src/biogeochem/CNPhenologyMod.F90Subrou#ne:CropPhenology,CropPhenologyInit,vernaliza#on,coldtolerance•  Carbonalloca#on:src/biogeochem/NutrientCompe##onFlexibleCNMod.F90subrou#necalc_plant_nitrogen_demand

AgMIP-wheatproject(post-CLM4.5)

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Ø  Ac#vi#es:sitesimula#onsacross34nitrogen,irriga#on,andCO2treatmentsatFACE-Maricopaspringwheatsiteandfiveotherwinterwheatsites.

Ø  17cropmodelsinter-comparisonØ  Goal:understandingwhetherCLMwheatappropriatelyresponseto

differentlevelsofnitrogenfer#liza#on,irriga#on,CO2.

Site La#tude Longitude Eleva#on(m)

Temperature(oC)

Year CO2 (ppm)

TXLU 33.63 -101.83 1090 8.2 1984-1986 346 KSMA 39.09 -96.37 122 11.7 1984-1986 346 NESA 41.37 -100.49 975 11.5 1984-1986 346 NDMA 46.46 -100.55 588 14.2 1984-1986 346 ABLE 49.42 -112.5 920 12.2 1984-1986 346 Maricopa-MARA

33.0628 -111.9826 361 11.1 1993-1994 370

Maricopa-MARB

33.0628 -111.9826 361 11.1 1996-1997 370+1.2TMIN

Maricopa-MARC

33.0628 -111.9826 361 11.1 1993-1997 550+1.2TMIN

TXLU

KSMA

NESA

NDMAABLE

FACE-Maricopa

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901

902

903

904

905

906

907

908

909

910

911

912

913

914

915

916 7 9 31 33 55 57 103

105

127

129

151

153

175

177

199

201

223

225

# treatment

N fe

rtiliz

atio

n (g

N/m

2)

010

2030

40

901

902

903

904

905

906

907

908

909

910

911

912

913

914

915

916 9 33 57 105

129

153

177

201

225

# treatment

irrig

atio

n (m

m)

0200400600800

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Calibra#ons•  Minimumplan#ngdate:April1→December5•  Maximumplan#ngdate:June15→December25•  Growingdegreedaysformaturity(GDDm):1700→2000•  Leafemerge:5%GDDm→13%GDDm•  Grainfill:60%GDDm→50%GDDm•  Leaflongevity:1year→1month•  Adjustedleafandgrainalloca#oncoefficient

909

01

23

45

67

342 364 21 37 54 70 87 109 131

LAI (m2m2 )

DOY

modelobs

909

01

23

45

67

342 364 21 37 54 70 87 109 131

LAI (m2m2 )

DOY

model_calibrationmodelobs

19

905_9060

12

34

56

7

336 360 20 39 57 76 95 119 144

LAI (m2m2 )

DOY

905_obs905_model906_obs906_model

905_906

02000

6000

10000

336 360 20 39 57 76 95 119 144

Gra

in w

eigh

t (kg

/ha)

DOY

905_906 modified smp params

01

23

45

67

336 360 20 39 57 76 95 119 144

LAI (m2m2 )

DOY

905_906 modified smp params

02000

6000

10000

336 360 20 39 57 76 95 119 144

Gra

in w

eigh

t (kg

/ha)

DOY

Irriga#oneffectstop layer soil moisture

0.20

0.30

0.40

336 360 20 39 57 76 95 119 144

Soi

l moi

stur

e (m

3/m

3)

DOY

905_model906_model

CO2effects

20

901_903

01

23

45

67

337 361 20 39 57 76 95 119 144

LAI (m2m2 )

DOY

901_obs901_model903_obs903_model

901_903

02000

6000

10000

337 361 20 39 57 76 95 119 144

Gra

in w

eigh

t (kg

/ha)

DOY

902_904

01

23

45

67

337 361 20 39 57 76 95 119 144

LAI (m2m2 )

DOY

902_obs902_model904_obs904_model

902_904

02000

6000

10000

337 361 20 39 57 76 95 119 144

Gra

in w

eigh

t (kg

/ha)

DOY

901:370ppm903:550ppm

Nfer#liza#oneffects

21

909 vs 910

05

1015

20N

ferti

lizat

ion

(gN

/m2)

909_obs909_CLM910_obs910_CLM

01

23

45

67

LAI (m2m2 )

02000

6000

10000

342 358 4 15 26 37 48 59 70 81 92 103 120 137

Gra

in w

eigh

t (kg

/ha)

DOY

CLMhasnoresponsetodifferentlevelsofNfer#liza#onbecausethelowerlevelofNfer#liza#onissufficientforcropgrowthinCLM

soil mineral nitrogen

05

1015

2025

30

342 364 21 37 54 70 87 109 131

Soi

l min

eral

nitr

ogen

(gN

/m2)

DOY

909_model910_model

22

01

23

45

67

342 364 21 37 54 70 87 109 131

LAI (m2m2 )

DOY

909_CLM909_CLM_nofert

DOY

Soi

l min

tera

l Nitr

ogen

(gN

/m2)

05

1015

2025

30

342 364 21 37 54 70 87 109 131

DOY

Gra

in c

arbo

n (g

C/m

2)

020

4060

80100

120

140

342 364 21 37 54 70 87 109 131

HowaboutifnotapplyNfer#liza#oninCLM?

TODOlist

•  ValidateCLM5cropresponsetoelevatedCO2,Nfer#liza#on,irriga#on.

•  Developmorecropspecificgrowthprocesses(responsetodrought,flood,extremeevents)

•  Developtheuserfriendlycalibra#onprocedures

•  Developthegriddedcropparameters•  Addingmorecrops(limitedbyobserva#ons)

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Ques#ons?

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