CLM-August 2012

Cleveland Living Magazine 1

AaliyahAaliyahAaliyah Survival and courage

to make it to school

Plus...Plus...Plus...

New Research Shows

Timing of Rewards

Can Boost Student

Performance on

Standardized Tests

MagazineMagazineMagazine

Cleveland Living Cleveland Living Cleveland Living

August 2012 Volu

me -

1 /

Iss

ue -

3

Back-to-School Issue * Beat Back-to-School Stress

From the CEO…

Clevelanders Are Our Teachers

It’s no secret to anyone who knows me that the back-to-school season is one of

my favorite times of the year, second only to Halloween. To me, back-to-school represents new beginnings. This issue is special in that it provides articles full of

inspiring and helpful tips the whole family can use as they enter into this time of fresh starts.

When I was in school, a teacher once told my class, “You all start off the year with an ‘A’ as your

grade. What you do to keep it is up to you.” I have lived by those words and applied that principle to

many life situations. Every month we start Cleveland Living Magazine with an ‘A.’ We work hard to

keep our grade, and Clevelanders are the teachers who grade us. We are happy to have your feedback so that with each issue we can continue to grow and make our teachers proud. If you have any ques-

tions, comments, or suggestions, please contact us at (216)535-8611 or at [email protected].

For even more Cleveland Living, you can visit our website or follow us on our social media channels listed below.

As always, thank you to all the local businesses that support our efforts and have backed us on our

journey so far. You are the glue that holds the city together. And thank you to our readers across Northeast Ohio and beyond. With your support Cleveland Living will remain committed to you and

this wonderful place we call home.

Sincerely,

Lory Rosa

Visit Cleveland Living’s website at www.cle-living.com.

Follow Cleveland Living at… …www.facebook.com/clevelandlivingmagazine

…www.twitter.com/cle-living

Advertise with us. Contact

us @ (216) 535-8611

Or online at:

[email protected]

Co

ver P

ho

to C

ou

rtesy o

f Deb

’e Ph

oto

gra

ph

y

Sto

ck P

ho

tos fro

m M

icroso

ft


You can now read

our latest issue

online

@

www.cle-living.com

Inside this IssueInside this IssueInside this Issue Lunch-Hour Vacations New Research Shows Timing of Rewards Edgewater Park - 5 Can Boost Student Performance on

Standardized Tests - 11

She’s a Big Girl!

Local Girl Survival Story - 6 Cleveland Living Social - 13

Reducing Back-to-School The Joy of Honoring and Respecting

Stress for Children - 7 One Another - 14

Reader’s Recipe - 8 Horoscope - 16

It Comes From Within You Cleveland Trivia - 18

The Potential in Us All - 9 Puzzle - 19

All articles reflect the views and perspective of the writer and their creative process, as such they are copyrighted material and should not be copied or used for any reason without

the writer’s written consent. Cleveland Living Magazine is not responsible for the contents of each article. We are not responsible for errors and omissions.

August is Back-to-School Month

This issue is packed with articles of inspiration and tips to

help you cope with the stress of going back to school.

Upcoming Events

Cleveland nat ive Mike Berry wi l l be premier ing hi s f i rst f i lm in a ser ies of

short movies sc reening in October at the Solon Theater .

For t ickets or more information about this p rojec t , fo l low Mike Barry at

SkipThomasProduct ions.com


Edgewater Park

Edgewater Park

6500 Cleveland Memorial Shoreway

Cleveland, OH 44102

The Cleveland National Air Show will be held September 1, 2, and 3.

Visit clevelandairshow.com for details.

Last month we introduced you to the idea of the lunch-hour vacation, find-ing creative ways to unwind and re-fresh during your lunch break. Our destination this month is the picturesque Edgewater Park on Cleveland’s Westside. Just a short drive from downtown on Route 2, Edgewater has some-thing for every type of lunch tourist, whether you enjoy pic-nicking, walks, taking advantage of the park’s variety of workout stations, or just sitting and bask-ing in the beautiful landscaping.

During the last few days of August, Edgewater offers free front-row seats to America’s greatest flying spectacle.

Held every year during the Labor Day weekend, the Cleveland National Air Show features flying performances by the Blue Angels and other aerial dare-devils. The pilots practice their rou-tines and stunts in the days leading up to the show, providing the entire city with a sneak peek at the show, and the views from Edgewater are spectacular. To get the most out of your lunch vacation at the park, brownbag it and pack a portable chair. Sitting on the grassy lakefront with the jets zooming

overhead, you’ll think you’re at a private air show designed just for you. Enjoy!

Lunch-Hour Vacations

Beyond the Sheets

Egyptian Cotton Sheet Sets

To place your order call

(216) 338-2335

With waterfront views and

the jets zooming overhead,

you’ll think you’re at a

private air show designed

just for you.

Sto

ck P

ho

tos

fro

m M

icro

soft

http://www.clevelandairshow.com/

To watch children play is to see courage in action. Their resilience and fearlessness knows no bounds, and the bravery they show in the face of adversity is greater than that of any adult I’ve met.

One of my biggest heroes is only five years old. This courageous little angel has overcome countless obstacles on her way to becoming a kindergartener this August. Her name is Aaliyah, and she is a miracle girl.

Aaliyah was born with multiple life-threatening conditions, and was placed on life support immediately after birth. Doctors told her mom “she might not make it,” but Aaliyah had other plans. Even as a newborn, she displayed her resilience not only by making it out of the hospital with respiratory and nutritional aid, but by exceeding all the expectations her health-care team had for her.

For five years Aaliyah has lived with a tracheotomy, a nutritional gastric feeding tube, and in-home nursing care. For her young parents this has presented nearly unbearable suffering. Aaliyah’s mom once told me, “I have to be strong for her and I get my strength from God.”

After all the hospitalizations, procedures, sleepless nights, and never-ending financial problems that come with having a sick child, the family is thankful their little princess is better now. The break in the clouds came this past May when Aaliyah left the hospital after having her tracheostomy tube removed and went immedi-ately to her pre-school graduation, where she

sang “Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star.” Now she is learning to breathe through her nose, something she’s never done before and a must for a girl who loves to sing, as mouth-breathing is not accepta-ble for this song bird.

This big girl is now on her way to school, and I’m among the many people who are cheer-ing for her. Congratulations, Aaliyah!

She’s a Big Girl! Survival & Courage on

Her Road to School by Lory Rosa

Local mother is grateful

to the Lord for the gift

that is her daughter.

Top r igh t photo and above

cou rtesy of F el ic ia Lopez.

To

p l

eft

ph

oto

: D

eb

’e P

ho

tog

rap

hy


It’s an unwritten rule we learn well before our first day of kindergarten—with new situations come new stresses. Starting school is a major transition and can be a source of anxiety for everyone in the family. Meeting new people and being in a new environment far from Mom and Dad can bring on emotions children may need help dealing with, and parents often find this to be a stressful time, too.

Especially if this is your family’s first separation, it is important to have open, attentive communi-cation between you and your child so they have a realistic expectation of what this new step means for them. Pediatric and psychology experts agree that the beginning of the school year holds its own anxieties for families, but that communica-tion and an active involvement in your child’s school life can help them feel at ease and under-stand how to manage stress when it occurs.

By taking small steps, staying positive, and listening, the transition to school days may be easier than you think:

Before your child’s first day, familiarize your-self with the school. The school district website may have information on social activities for new families, and the school can put you in touch with the parents of your child’s classmates.

Talk with your child about school, and listen to what he or she says. Now is an excellent time to clear up any misconceptions or apprehensions your child may have.

Involve your child in the decision-making process when selecting school supplies and

clothing. This is a great confidence builder for your young student and helps build self-esteem as well.

Keep things happy. This is a positive time for your family, even though it can be worrying, too. Try not to let your child see you distressed, as they might then associate school with negative emotions.

At the end of each school day, ask your child how things went, praising their achievements and noting any complaints. Always take all com-plaints as fact, and review them with the school’s faculty. Teachers and school administrators are there to help you deal with any problems—they are trained professionals who have seen it all.

Always include your child’s physician in any situations that can’t be resolved right away. Your medical provider is a trusted, non-partisan person your child can talk to openly.

Remember: Communication and keeping things fun are the keys to making your family’s transi-tion to school days positive and memorable.

Steps to help your family transition

Reducing Back-to-School Stress for Children

Sto

ry b

y L

ory

Ro

sa/

Sto

ck P

ho

tos

fro

m M

icro

soft

We want to make your next corporate or

private event as stress-free as possible. Allow

us to take care of all the details while you to

enjoy your guests.

Reader’s Recipe For those impromptu get-

together events, here is a quick

and easy treat that is no further

than the pantry.

Spam has many uses and

can be prepared in a variety of

ways. From Hawaiian cuisine to

breakfast meat, Spam is an

American staple food.

Here is yet another way

to make Spam a party food.

Ingredients

1 small can of Spam

3 tbs of Cheez Whiz

1/4 cup of milk

1/2 of a pimiento

Directions

In a blender, mix Spam and milk

to soften up the meat. Add the

cheese and Pimientos and blend

until they all incorporate and

form a paste-like consistency.

Spread over bread and cut in

triangles. You can add some

garnish to give it a better

presentation.

Prep time

5 minutes

Spam & Cheese Sandwich

Like us on Facebook

and receive our tips on how to

plan stress-free gatherings.

Call us (216) 835-0003


Remarkable numbers of

people have excuses or unrelat-

ed personal reasons they use to

explain general or specific

misfortune. “If only I had the

money, or the right friends, or

this or that kind of job,” they

say, “then it would give me the

success and recognition I

deserve.”

The main problem with

statements like these is that the

person saying them has lost

sight of how the process of

success works in the first place.

In order to achieve true success

and happiness, one must first

take complete responsibility for

his or her own destiny. In the

words of the author Wayne

Dyer, “Be miserable. Or moti-

vate yourself. Whatever has to

be done, it’s always your

choice.” Talent and skill are

very important factors for suc-

cess, but procrastination and

lack of motivation can destroy

even the most talented person.

Telling yourself and others that

something external is missing

or that someone else is respon-

sible for you is an excuse, and

excuses will not help you move

toward a fortunate future.

A healthy and balanced

spirit will lead you to a happier

and more content state of mind.

Clergyman and author Norman

Vincent Peale has a great quote

relating to this topic, saying,

“Believe in yourself! Have faith

in your abilities! Without a

humble but reasonable confi-

dence in your own powers you

cannot be successful or happy.”

Remember that you are on a

journey and that your progress

is completely dependent on

you. Although it seems simple

enough, for some people taking

hold of their own fate can be a

lifelong struggle. Regardless of

the circumstances, though, all

of us are talented in our own

way, and each of us deserves a

chance to succeed.

One of America’s most

crucial founding fathers, Benja-

min Franklin, said it best. “By

failing to prepare, you are

preparing to fail.” In order to

obtain anything you want in

life, your mindset and your

actions must be in synch, both

of them directed toward bring-

ing you success and happiness.

The revelation most people

experience when they finally

apply themselves and go after

their dreams is that nothing was

missing in the first place except

the ambition to pursue it. Once

you realize that success is self-

dependent, you will find all the

fuel and strength you need to

realize your dreams right there

within you.

“It Comes From Within You”

Children have a multitude of

untapped potential!

Sto

ry b

y D

av

id L

ee

/ S

tock

Ph

oto

s fr

om

Mic

roso

ft

Our caregivers are experienced, well educated, and committed to ensuring the highest quality of services for all of our cherished clients. All of our staff must pass a rigorous background check before joining the Alpha Home Health Agency team.

Our vision of creating a compassionate care service that would treat people with respect, dignity, and first-rate care is shared by our team members.

Sometimes we all have situations that

can present difficulties with activities of

daily living . We are here to help you in

those times.

We provide:

Senior Care

Respite Care

Personal Care Services

Companion Services

Call us for a list of services and a free

consultation: (440) 339-4608

www.ahhahomecare.com


New Research Shows Timing of

Rewards Can Boost Student

Performance on Standardized Tests By Marci E. Hersh

R esearchers from the

University of Chica-

go say that the effect

of timing on rewards given to students

taking standardized tests opens up a

dialogue about the education problem

faced by urban schools.

“The failure to recognize that

students have difficulty connecting to

the idea of a payoff in the future like a

profitable career to their effort in

school today is important and leads to

dramatic under-investment as students

fail to apply themselves and policy-

makers don't realize the students' full

potential,” said Sally Sadoff, an

assistant professor at the University of

California, San Diego. She conducted

the underlying research as a Griffin

Postdoctoral Scholar at the University

of Chicago. “The Behaviorist Goes to

School: Leveraging Behavioral

Economics to Improve Educational

Performance,” was published by the

National Bureau of Economic

Research. John List, the Homer J.

Livingston Professor in Economics at

the University of Chicago, Steven

Levitt, the William B. Ogden Distin-

guished Service Professor in Econom-

ics at the University of Chicago and

co-author of the book Freakonomics;

and Susanne Neckermann, a scholar at

the Center for European Economic

Research in Germany, also joined in

the research. “The key finding of this

paper is that delayed rewards don't

seem to incentivize the students,” said

Levitt. “So even if educators don't

have financial rewards to dangle as

carrots for students, they can try to

come up with creative ways to make

the payoffs more immediate. For

instance, a teacher might promise

special privileges for a week to the

three students who improve the most

on an activity. That might prove to be

a more powerful motivator than the

promise of attending an elite college

three years from now.”

The research team conducted

a series of experiments involving

7,000 students in the Chicago public

schools and elementary and high-

school districts in south-suburban

Chicago Heights. Financial rewards

were used to boost performance for

older students and elementary school

students. “It is important to under-

stand that this reward system works

when a student is underperforming but

has the internal knowledge to perform

better,” Sadoff said. The research

team discovered that student perfor-

mance on standardized tests in

underperforming populations can be

boosted three ways. First, with the

right kind of reward given immediate-

ly, both elementary and high school

students improve their performance.

Second, students do better when the

reward is framed as a loss instead of a

gain. If the student knows the reward

will disappear with poor performance,

the student performs better. Third, non

-financial rewards like trophies can be

very powerful motivators to stimulate

test improvement in elementary

students.

“Test performance can

improve dramatically if students are

offered rewards just before they are

given standardized tests and if they

receive the incentive immediately

afterword,” said Sadoff “Most

importantly, all motivating power of

the incentives vanishes when rewards

are delayed.” The team studied the

impact of incentives on students

taking relatively short, standardized

diagnostic tests given three times a

year to determine their grasp of

mathematics and English skills. They

compared younger and older students

with kindergarten-8th grade and found

that younger students (2nd-4th grade)

are more responsive than older

students (5th-8th grade). “At Bloom

Township High School, when we

offered students $20 incentives, we

found that their scores were 0.12

to .20 standard deviation points (five

to sixth months in improved perfor-

mance) above what we would other-

wise have predicted given their

previous test scores,” Sadoff said.

Follow up research demon-

strated that there was no negative

impact on performance in removing

the rewards. The research was

supported by a grant from the

Children First Fund, the Kenneth and

Anne Griffin Foundation, the Rauner

Family Foundation, and the Spencer

Foundation.

Sto

ck P

ho

tos

fro

m M

icro

soft

16404 Euclid Ave., Cleveland , Ohio 44112

Corner or Ivanhoe and Euclid

(THE OLD ART OF THE SEAFOOD BUILDING)

(216) 761-6338

Hair Accessories * Lotions * Oils * Toys * Novelties

DANCER DANCER DANCER

POLE POLE POLE

ONLY ONLY ONLY

$129.99$129.99$129.99

100% Real Remi Hair100% Real Remi Hair100% Real Remi Hair

1515--2525%% ON SELECT HAIR ON SELECT HAIR

PRODUCTSPRODUCTS

GREAT GREAT GREAT

PRICES ON PRICES ON PRICES ON

SHOES, TOYS SHOES, TOYS SHOES, TOYS

& EXOTIC & EXOTIC & EXOTIC

WEARWEARWEAR


C leve land L iv ing Soc ia l P

ho

tos

cou

rtes

y o

f o

ur

rea

der

s, w

ith

all

pa

rtie

s’ v

erb

al

an

d w

ritt

en c

on

sen

t

H ow good it feels to be honored and respected by our peers and

others. But more importantly, what a privilege it is to be in a position to honor and respect others. Simply put, this means to treat others as you wish to be treated.

In Romans Paul reminds us that Love must be sincere. We also must be devoted to one another in brotherly love and to honor one another above ourselves. He goes on to inspire us to practice hospitality and live in harmony and peace with one another. Paul contin-ues in Galatians saying “You, my broth-ers, were called to be free. But do not use your freedom to indulge the sinful nature; rather, serve one another in love.” The entire law is summed up in a single command: “Love your neighbor as yourself.” In the book titled Living the Infinite Way, by Joel S. Goldsmith, Mr. Goldsmith refers to this scripture by saying “Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself,” as being another law of God. His idea is that as we think of our experienc-es of the past and the present, we will find that there are several ways that we could express a greater love for our neighbor, as we consider the greater and more spiritual aspect of the word “neighbor.” Webster's Dictionary defines the word neighbor as, a fellow man. As we examine our human understanding of love, and continue to study and embody God's expression of true love, we begin to expand our consciousness to the realization that God is as much the Life, the Soul, and the Spirit of our neighbor as of ourselves. Goldsmith goes on to enlighten us that the very moment we begin to see God as the animating principle of all men, we are loving our

neighbor as ourselves. The moment we can accept these laws of God, we accomplish the act of loving, honoring and respecting our neighbor as our-selves. Because our God is omnipresent, omniscient, and omnipotent, we do not fool God when we make excuses for violating His laws of love, honor, and respect; we are simply fooling ourselves. Then Peter instructs us to show proper respect to everyone. WOW!!!

These instructions are truly a perfect recipe for SUCCESS in the act of loving our neighbor as ourselves; then honoring our neighbor, and finally respecting our neighbor as ourselves. Just imagine the love, unity, and peace that God’s people would experience if we would conscious-ly practice these principles.

STAY ENCOURAGED...♥

LOVE AND BLESSINGS,

LeNore Anderson, RScP

THE JOY OF HONORING AND RESPECTING ONE ANOTHER

Sto

ck P

icture fro

m M

icroso

ft Spiritual Message



THE “HEAT” IS ON…

START YOUR OWN BUSINESS…

MAKE $$ MONEY $$ ON ENERGY BILLS

NOW!!!

For more information call

LeNore Anderson

(877) 805-5985

July 23 - August 22

Leo: When you are feeling good, it is easy to

be positive. This is one of those months Leo.

You are in the limelight, exactly where you like

to be! Do not neglect the goals you've set for

yourself to further your career and personal

ambitions! With all the excitement, that would

be easy to do. Stay focused particularly on the

10th and 23rd when things are especially

fortunate. Allow yourself to be in the moment

and proud but keep your ego in check.

MANTRA: I am a fortunate person

October 23 - November 21

Scorpio: You cannot be tied down, especially

this month, as much as one would try! This

August promises exciting adventures if you

allow it. This includes strengthening your

recent romantic pursuits. Make your moves

now because soon you'll be redirected back

into the work-oriented arena. This could be a

month for the spicy scrapbook!

MANTRA: I create adventure in the

now

January 20 - February 18

Aquarius: Aquarians are taking care of

business this month. August offers you a

great opportunity to buckle down and finish

tasks before the planets move on into Leo

mid-month. Focus on networking and

budgeting until finances begin to flow better

again. You're scrambling to mend an

important relationship but it's in vain until

the stars once again align your way!

MANTRA: I have all I need to succeed

August 23 - September 22

Virgo: Virgos are ready and willing to have

fun this August. Go ahead, order a drink, add

an umbrella and soak up the sun and fun! As

the month edges forward, you may find your-

self more focused again, especially on the

philosophical and spiritual aspects of life. So

embrace these summer moments andcontem-

plate deeper things once again in the fall!

MANTRA: I appreciate all the precious

moments

November 22 - December 21

Sagittarius: There is something different

about this month, Sag! You are feeling unusu-

ally relaxed mentally and ready for change of

pace. You're suddenly raring and ready to go!

Wherever and whenever. A shift late month

into home projects tells you now to get while

the getting is good!

MANTRA: I relax my mind and let life

unfold with ease

February 19 - March 20

Pisces: Pisces? You need a break! Enjoy it

while you can. Personal reflection late last

month reminded you that life's truly too short

to not take time to live fully in the now!

Between 22-29th this month your focus

willingly shifts back to the grindstone. You

are concerned with good first impressions.

You'll make them!

MANTRA: Life is mine to make matter

September 23 - October 22

Libra: August turns your full attention to

professional endeavors. You are ready for

success as many planets cluster in Cancer.

However all work and no play makes for a

feisty Libra. Mid-month you are thrust back

into the social scene. Go with this flow. Work

projects were being stalled for a reason!

MANTRA: I trust in the universe fully

December 22 - January 19

Capricorn: Relationships on all levels

consume more of your attention in early

August. You will choose to reinforce and

renew relationships or seek new ones. By

mid-August things heat up, especially in the

boardroom. Yes that's what I said, Capricorn,

so be sure to get your fill of fun and romance

now before you are willingly distracted. The

move you've been considering should be put

on hold for now.

MANTRA: I choose to be open and lov-

ing always

March 21 - April 19

Aries: Aries, your career will be taking a

bright turn during the dog days of August!

You are likely to get an opportunity to exhibit

your talents and skills in order to truly show

people what you are made of. Set goals this

month in preparation for a full fall! Positive

changes will keep you in an upbeat mood all

month!

MANTRA: I embrace my potential daily

Aimee’s Astrology



Located in the historic

Tremont District at

1005 Kenilworth Ave.

Cleveland, Ohio 44113

For more information call

(216) 861-9000

Offering… ♦ Reiki

♦Chakra Attuning

♦Therapeutic massage for

individuals and couples

♦Reflexology of the hands and feet

♦Intuitive spiritual consultation

among others services...

www.heavenlyhardware.com

April 20 - May 20

Taurus: Dig in your hooves, Taurus! You

will have some 'fair weather friends'

disappear as you take some much needed

time for yourself. This is actually a positive

occurrence as you discover who really has

your best interest at heart. You are loyal

and trustworthy and have earned the same

reciprocation in life. All of the treasures

will come to the surface. Mars in retro-

grade has done you a favor!

MANTRA: I am worthy

May 21 - June 20

Gemini: Good fortune (or karma) finds you

early in August when the planets find a way

to pay all your bills. However don't go wild

with the charge card because by mid-month

your enthusiasm fades a bit. You may find

yourself scrambling to pay extra debt if you

let yourself get carried away. So stay focused

and energized, twin, and you'll surely keep

that mojo working!

MANTRA: I accept absolute abun-

dance in my life

June 21 - July 22

Cancer: The attention is on you, Crab!

There are several planets dancing in your

sign this August and you can't help but

dance along. You are especially charming

and charismatic so be ready for that new

love to come knocking on your door, or for

your current partnership to be especially

romantic. I say woo the pants off of ’em

and celebrate this exceptional time!

MANTRA: I celebrate love and life

This horoscope is provided for entertainment purposes only and represents the

opinions of the author. Cleveland Living Magazine and its management team are not

responsible for the content of this or any other article written by freelance writers.

Meet the Team

CEO

Lory Rosa

Editing

Clint Marsh

Writers

Aimee Jordan

David Lee

LeNore Anderson

Lory Rosa

Marketing

Brandon Gee

Felicia Lopez

James MacKay

Tech Support

Albert Gutierrez

Photography

Deb’e Photography

Media Consultant

Brizeida Cruz

Contact us

By phone

(216) 535-8611

Via e-mail

[email protected]

Online

Cle-living.com

Like us on

Cleveland Trivia

Known as “ The Cradle of Presidents,” Ohio has produced eight out of the 44 U.S. Presidents in the nation’s 200+ years.

Presidents number 18, 19, and 20 were

consecutively all from Ohio.

Ohio has produced 8 presidents so far, but only 6

First Ladies were born in the Buckeye state.

August 26 is National Women’s Equality Day.

Maybe one day we will have a female president

from Ohio.



(216) 535-8611

Puzzle

P D C Y Y E S W X S

H O Q D J E T H D E

Q H M C K I N L E Y

M I N A J N E B A A

D O S G N I D R A H

N B H A F Q I V W T

R H A R R I S O N A

C R A D L E E A Q F

C G J Q U B R P S T

N C E J T G P G H I

Mail completed puzzle, with your name, address, and

telephone number to Cleveland Living Magazine

and you’ll be entered to win one of many prizes.

Mailing address:

Cleveland Living Magazine

1568 S. Green Rd, PO Box 21045

South Euclid, Ohio 44121

Word Search

BENJAMIN CRADLE GARFIELD GRANT HARDING HARRISON HAYES MCKINLEY OHIO PRESIDENTS TAFT

Presidents from Ohio

Cle-living.com

(216) 535-8611

Documents

CLM-August 2012