CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWSVOLUME 4 * JANUARY 1991 0 NUMBER 1

JOSEPHINE A. MORELLO, Editor (1992)University of Chicago Medical Center

EDITORIAL BOARDJoseph M. Campos (1992) Lynne Garcia (1993) Kenneth J. Ryan (1992)Judith E. Domer (1993)yneaca( )To sF.Sih192Prabhavathi B. Fernandes (1993) Timothy E. Kiehn (1992) Thomas F. Smith (1992)PrabhavathiB.Fernandes(1993)Kenneth D. Thompson (1993)

Barbara H. Iglewski, Chairman, Publications BoardLinda M. Illig, Director, Journals Jack Kenney, Production Editor

Clinical Microbiology Reviews considers for publication both solicited and unsolicited reviews and monographsdealing with all aspects of clinical microbiology. Manuscripts, proposals, and correspondence regarding editorialmatters should be addressed to the Editor, Josephine A. Morello, Clinical Microbiology Laboratories, Universityof Chicago Medical Center, Box 290, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637-1470.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews (ISSN 0893-8512) is published quarterly (January, April, July, and October), onevolume per year, by the American Society for Microbiology. The nonmember subscription prices are $115 (U.S.and Canada) and $125 (foreign; air drop shipping) per year; single copies are $40. The member subscription pricesare $20 (U.S. and Canada) and $32 (foreign; air drop shipping) per year; single issues are $10. Correspondencerelating to subscriptions, reprints, defective copies, availability of back issues, lost or late proofs, disposition ofsubmitted manuscripts, and general editorial matters should be directed to the ASM Journals Division, 1325Massachusetts Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20005-4171 (area 202 737-3600).

Claims for missing issues from residents of the United States, Canada, and Mexico must be submitted within 3months after publication of the issues; residents of all other countries must submit claims within 6 months ofpublication of the issues. Claims for issues missing because of failure to report an address change or for issues"missing from files" will not be allowed.

a*: EUWC; (111-i:rA to

Second-class postage paid at Washington, DC 20005, and at additional mailing offices.POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Clinical Microbiology Reviews, ASM, 1325 Massachusetts Ave.,N.W., Washington, DC 20005-4171.Made in the United States of America. Printed on acid-free paper.Copyright C) 1991, American Society for Microbiology.All Rights Reserved.

The code at the top of the first page of an article in this journal indicates the copyright owner's consent that copiesof the article may be made for personal use or for personal use of specific clients. This consent is given on thecondition, however, that the copier pay the stated per-copy fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 21Congress St., Salem, MA 01970, for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. CopyrightLaw. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying, such as copying for general distribution, foradvertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works, or for resale.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The editorial board members wish to thank the following persons, who graciously agreed to review articles submitted toClinical Microbiology Reviews for 1990. The time and effort they invested in performing this task are greatly appreciated.

Martin J. BlaserDaniel P. BonnerS. P. BorrielloFrances W. BrennerHelen R. BuckleyAmy M. CarnahanJohn B. CarterJill E. ClarridgeArthur F. DiSalvoGary V. DoernSam T. Donta

Martin S. FaveroMary Jane FerraroJames FoldsJohn GalgianiDavid Y. GrahamDieter H. M. GroschelDannie HollisMichael R. JacobsJ. Michael JandaWilliam M. JandaMargaret A. Johns

Victor LorianD. W. R. MackenzieRichard V. McCloskeyHarry MobleyJames D. NeatonFrank C. OddsEnzo PaolettiJon PattersonJohn L. PennerMichael A. PfallerIrving J. Pflug

David J. PickupEileen L. RandallKathryn RuoffDaniel F. SahmDennis SchabergWilliam 0. SchallaJacob J. SchlesingerR. Walter SchlesingerDavid M. ShlaesLouis DS. SmithJack D. Sobel

Steven SpecterNammalwar

SriranganathanVictor StollarElla M. SwierkoszRobert WeaverJan WinbergTracy D. WilkinsGeorge W. Williams

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS, Jan. 1991

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

ScopeClinical Microbiology Reviews accepts reviews that

are of primary interest to clinical microbiologists,medical microbiologists and immunologists, publichealth workers, infectious disease clinicians, and oth-ers who are interested in the pathogenesis, laboratorydiagnosis, epidemiology, and control of human andveterinary pathogens. The articles should presentcomprehensive, critical summaries of current knowl-edge in the field and should not be limited to adiscussion of the author's work. Sufficient historical orother background material may be included for thosereaders who are not current with the latest advances inthe particular field. If the material covered is contro-versial, the author should attempt to provide balancedcoverage. Appropriate reviews would include thoseaddressing pathogenetic mechanisms, specific orgroups of microbial pathogens, clinical and laboratoryaspects of newly recognized or reemerging infectiousdiseases, recently developed antimicrobial agents andtheir application, and new diagnostic laboratory tech-nology.Members of the editorial board welcome any sug-

gestions for topics and authors from either prospectiveauthors or others. Prospective authors are advised todiscuss with the editor the suitability of their proposedcontribution. The preparation of an annotated topicaloutline is required, since it often elicits constructivesuggestions from editorial consultants. In addition, alist of key references showing the author's contribu-tions to the field as well as other investigators' findingsand a one- or two-paragraph statement detailing theaim, scope, and relevance of the review should beincluded with the outline.

How to Submit ManuscriptsSend manuscripts or outlines directly to Dr.

Josephine A. Morello, Clinical Microbiology Labora-tories, University of Chicago Medical Center, Box290, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637-1470.

Submit four complete copies of each manuscript,including figures and tables, either in the originaltypescript or as clear, clean photocopies. Include fourcopies of the summary (200 words maximum) that willbe included in the issue table of contents. The name,mailing address, and telephone and fax numbers of thecorresponding author should be indicated on the titlepage. All text should be double or triple spaced,including quotations, tables, figure legends, and refer-ences, and the pages must be numbered sequentially.

Original drawings or glossy prints are required.When appropriate, magnification should be indicatedby a suitable scale on the photograph. Each figureshould be numbered and should include the name ofthe author, either in the margin or on the back (marked

lightly with a soft pencil). Papers should seldom ex-ceed 60 manuscript text pages; any excess will requirediscussion with the editor. A review, whether invitedor not, cannot be finally accepted until the finishedproduct has been examined and found to be satisfac-tory.

EDITORIAL POLICYBy submission of a manuscript to the journal, the

authors guarantee that the manuscript, or one substan-tially the same, was not published previously, is notbeing considered or published elsewhere, and will notbe published elsewhere. All authors of a manuscriptmust have agreed to its submission and are equallyresponsible for its content, including appropriate cita-tions and acknowledgments.

Failure to comply with the above-mentioned policymay result in a 3- to 5-year suspension of publishingprivileges in ASM journals. (For further details, seethe minutes of the March 1984 Publications Boardmeeting, ASM News 50:260-263, 1984.)

Primary PublicationThe American Society for Microbiology accepts the

definition of primary publication as defined in How toWrite and Publish a Scientific Paper, third edition, byRobert A. Day, to wit: ". . . (i) the first publication oforiginal research results, (ii) in a form whereby peersof the author can repeat the experiments and test theconclusions, and (iii) in a journal or other sourcedocument [emphasis added] readily available withinthe scientific community."A scientific paper published in a conference report,

symposium proceeding, technical bulletin, or anyother retrievable source is unacceptable for submis-sion to an ASM journal on grounds of prior publica-tion. A preliminary disclosure of research findingspublished in abstract form as an adjunct to a meeting,e.g., part of a program, is not considered "priorpublication" because it does not meet the criteria for ascientific paper.

It is incumbent upon the author to acknowledge anyprior publication of the data contained in a manuscriptsubmitted to an ASM journal even though he or shemay not consider such publication in violation ofASMpolicy. A copy of the relevant work should accompanythe paper.

PermissionsIt is the author's responsibility to obtain permission

from the copyright owner to reproduce figures, tables,or text (exactly, in altered form, or in part) fromprevious publications, either his own or those ofanother author. Note that the journal or publisher (notthe author) is the copyright owner; however, as amatter of courtesy the author's permission should be

i

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

obtained as well. In addition, include written assur-ance that permission to cite personal communicationsand preprints has been granted.CopyrightTo maintain and protect the Society's ownership

and rights and to protect the original authors frommisappropriation of their published work, ASM re-quires authors to sign a copyright transfer agreement.This agreement is sent to the submitting author whenthe manuscript is accepted for publication. Unless thisagreement is executed, ASM will not publish the manu-script. (U.S. government employees may file a state-ment attesting that a manuscript was prepared as partof their official duties.)AuthorshipAn author is one who made a substantial contribu-

tion to the article; therefore, ASM considers all coau-thors equally responsible for the entire paper. Individ-uals who provided assistance, e.g., supplied strains orcritiqued the paper, need not be listed as authors butshould be recognized in the Acknowledgment section.

All authors must agree to the order in which theirnames are listed in the byline. Footnotes regardingattribution of work (e.g., X. Jones and Y. Smithcontributed equally to . . .) are not permitted. If nec-essary, such statements may be included in the Ac-knowledgment section.

Editorial StyleThe editorial style of Clinical Microbiology Reviews

conforms to the CBE Style Manual (5th ed., 1983;Council of Biology Editors, Inc., 9650 Rockville Pike,Bethesda, Md.), ASM Style Manual for Journals andBooks (American Society for Microbiology, 1991),Robert A. Day's How to Write and Publish a ScientificPaper (3rd ed., 1988, Oryx Press), and ScientificWriting for Graduate Students (Council of BiologyEditors, Inc., 1968), as interpreted and modified by theeditorial board and the ASM Journals Division. Allreviews, whether invited or not, must conform to thestylistic conventions set forth in the Instructions toAuthors. Any deviations from this style must beapproved by the Journals Division.

Include a table of contents showing the major head-ings and subheadings of the text. Consult a recentissue of Clinical Microbiology Reviews for format andstyle.Summarize supporting evidence whenever possible.

When original data are presented, it is essential thatthe methods be fully described or that reference bemade to previously published methods.References

All listed references must be cited in the text.Arrange the references in alphabetical order, by firstauthor, and number consecutively. Abbreviate journalnames according to Serial Sources for the BIOSISData Base (BioSciences Information Service, 1990).Cite each listed reference in the text by number.

Follow the styles shown in the examples below.

1. Anagnostopoulos, C., and J. Spizizen. 1961. Require-ments for transformation in Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacte-riol. 81:741-746.

2. Berry, L. J., R. N. Moore, K. J. Goodrum, and R. E.Couch, Jr. 1977. Cellular requirements for enzyme inhi-bition by endotoxin in mice, p. 321-325. In D. Schles-singer (ed.), Microbiology-1977. American Society forMicrobiology, Washington, D.C.

3. Cox, C. S., B. R. Brown, and J. C. Smith. J. Gen.Genet., in press.*

4. Dhople, A., I. Ortega, and C. Berauer. 1989. Effect ofoxygen on in vitro growth of Mycobacterium leprae,abstr. U-82, p. 168. Abstr. 89th Annu. Meet. Am. Soc.Microbiol. 1989.

5. Finegold, S. M., W. E. Shepherd, and E. H. Spaulding.1977. Cumitech 5, Practical anaerobic bacteriology. Co-ordinating ed., W. E. Shepherd. American Society forMicrobiology, Washington, D.C.

6. Fitzgerald, G., and D. Shaw. In A. E. Waters (ed.),Clinical microbiology, in press. EFH Publishing Co.,Boston.

7. Gustlethwaite, F. P. 1985. Letter. Lancet ii:327.8. Jacoby, J., R. Grimm, J. Bostic, V. Dean, and G. Starke.

Submitted for publication.9. Jensen, C., and D. S. Schumacher. Unpublished data.

10. Jones, A. (Yale University). 1990. Personal communica-tion.

11. Leadbetter, E. R. 1974. Order II. Cytophagales nomennovum, p. 99. In R. E. Buchanan and N. E. Gibbons(ed.), Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology,8th ed. The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore.

12. Miller, J. H. 1972. Experiments in molecular genetics, p.352-355. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold SpringHarbor, N.Y.

13. Powers, R. D., W. M. Dotson, Jr., and F. G. Hayden.1982. Program Abstr. 22nd Intersci. Conf. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother., abstr. 448.

14. Sigma Chemical Co. 1989. Sigma manual. Sigma Chem-ical Co., St. Louis, Mo.

15. Smith, J. C. April 1970. U.S. patent 484,363,770.16. Smyth, D. R. 1972. Ph.D. thesis. University of Califor-

nia, Los Angeles.17. Yagupsky, P., and M. A. Menegus. 1989. Intraluminal

colonization as a source of catheter-related infection.Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 33:2025. (Letter.)

* Note that an "in press" reference to an ASMpublication should state the control number (e.g.,AEM 576-91) or the name of the publication if it is abook.

References to abstracts, letters, and other non-peer-reviewed materials should be kept to a minimum.

Abbreviations

General. Abbreviations should be used as an aid tothe reader, rather than as a convenience to the author,and therefore their use should be limited. Abbrevia-tions other than those recommended by the LUPAC-IUB (Biochemical Nomenclature and Related Docu-ments, 1978) should be used only when a case can bemade for necessity, such as in tables and figures.

. .

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

It is often possible to use pronouns or to paraphrasea long word after its first use (e.g., "the drug," "thesubstrate"). Standard chemical symbols and trivialnames or their symbols (folate, Ala, Leu, etc.) may beused for terms that appear in full in the neighboringtext.

Define each abbreviation and introduce it in paren-theses the first time it is used: e.g., "cultures weregrown in Eagle minimal essential medium (MEM)."Generally, eliminate abbreviations that are not used atleast five times in the text (including tables and figurelegends).Not requiring introduction. In addition to abbrevia-

tions for Systeme International d'Unites (SI) units ofmeasurement, other common units (e.g., bp, kb, andDa), and chemical symbols for the elements, thefollowing should be used without definition in the title,abstract, text, figure legends, and tables: DNA (deoxy-ribonucleic acid); cDNA (complementary DNA);RNA (ribonucleic acid); cRNA (complementaryRNA); RNase (ribonuclease); DNase (deoxyribonu-clease); rRNA (ribosomal RNA); mRNA (messengerRNA); tRNA (transfer RNA); AMP, ADP, ATP,dAMP, ddATP, GTP, etc. (for the respective 5' phos-phates of adenosine and other nucleosides) (add 2'-,3'-, or 5'- when needed for contrast); ATPase, dGT-Pase, etc. (adenosine triphosphatase, deoxyguanosinetriphosphatase, etc.); NAD (nicotinamide adenine di-nucleotide); NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucle-otide, oxidized); NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinu-cleotide, reduced); NADP (nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide phosphate); NADPH (nicotinamide ade-nine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced); NADP+ (nic-otinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, oxidized);poly(A), poly(dT), etc. (polyadenylic acid, polydeoxy-thymidylic acid, etc.); oligo(dT), etc. (oligodeoxythymi-dylic acid, etc.); Pi (orthophosphate); PP1 (pyrophos-phate); UV (ultraviolet); PFU (plaque-forming units);CFU (colony-forming units); MIC (minimal inhibitoryconcentration); MBC (minimal bactericidal concentra-tion); Tris [tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane]; DEAE(diethylaminoethyl); A260 (absorbance at 260 nm);EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid); and AIDS(acquired immunodeficiency [or immune deficiency]syndrome). Abbreviations for cell lines (e.g., HeLa)also need not be defined.The following abbreviations should be used without

definition in tables:

amt (amount)approx (approximately)avg (average)concn (concentration)diam (diameter)expt (experiment)exptl (experimental)ht (height)mo (month)mol wt (molecular weight)

SE (standard error)SEM (standard error of themean)

sp act (specific activity)sp gr (specific gravity)temp (temperature)tr (trace)vol (volume)vs (versus)wk (week)

no. (number)prepn (preparation)SD (standard deviation)

wt (weight)yr (year)

Reporting Numerical DataStandard metric units are used for reporting length,

weight, and volume. For these units and for molarity,use the prefixes m, ,u, n, and p for 10-3, 10-6, 10-9,and 10- 2, respectively. Likewise, use the prefix k for103. Avoid compound prefixes such as mp, or jiji. Usejig/ml or ,ug/g in place of the ambiguous ppm. Units oftemperature are presented as follows: 37°C or 324 K.When fractions are used to express units such as

enzymatic activities, it is preferable to use wholeunits, such as "g" or "min", in the denominatorinstead of fractional or multiple units, such as ,ug or 10min. For example, "pmol/min" would be preferable to"nmol/10 min," and ",umol/g" would be preferable to"nmol/,lg." It is also preferable that an unambiguousform such as exponential notation be used; for exam-ple, "jimol g- 1 minm- 1" is preferable to "jimol/g/min. "

See the CBE Style Manual, 5th ed., for more de-tailed information about reporting numbers. Also con-tained in this source is information on SI units for thereporting of illumination, energy, frequency, pressure,and other physical factors. Always report numericaldata in the applicable SI unit.

NomenclatureThe spelling of names should follow the Approved

Lists ofBacterial Names (amended edition) (V. B. D.Skerman, V. McGowan, and P. H. A. Sneath, ed.) andthe Index of the Bacterial and Yeast NomenclaturalChanges Published in the International Journal ofSystematic Bacteriology since the 1980 ApprovedLists ofBacterial Names (I January 1980 to I January1989) (W. E. C. Moore and L. V. H. Moore, ed.), bothpublished by the American Society for Microbiologyin 1989, and the validation lists and articles publishedin the International Journal of Systematic Bacteriol-ogy since 1 January 1989. If there is reason to use aname that does not have standing in nomenclature, thename should be enclosed in quotation marks and anappropriate statement concerning the nomenclaturalstatus of the name should be made in the text (for anexample, see Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 30:547-556, 1980).Names used for viruses should be those approved

by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Vi-ruses (ICTV) and published in the 4th Report of theICTV, Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses(Intervirology 17:23-199, 1982). If desired, synonymsmay be added parenthetically when the name is firstmentioned. Approved generic (or group) and familynames may also be used.For enzymes, use the recommended (trivial) name

assigned by the Nomenclature Committee of the In-ternational Union of Biochemistry as described inEnzyme Nomenclature (Academic Press, Inc., 1984).

Genetic nomenclature should essentially follow therecommendations of Demerec et al. (Genetics 54:61-

. .

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

76, 1966) and those given in the instructions to authorsof the Journal of Bacteriology and Molecular andCellular Biology (January issues).

Letters to the EditorLetters to the Editor must include data to support

the writer's argument and may refer only to articlespreviously published in Clinical Microbiology Re-views. The letters may be no more than 500 wordslong. Send them to the editor. If she believes thatpublication is warranted, she will solicit a reply fromthe author of the article.

All letters intended for publication must be typeddouble spaced.

Notification of AcceptanceWhen the editor has decided that the manuscript is

acceptable for publication, it is sent to the JournalsDivision, where it is checked by the production editor.If the manuscript is completely acceptable accordingto the criteria set forth in these instructions, it isscheduled for the next available issue and an accep-tance letter that indicates the month of publication andapproximate page proof dates is mailed to the author.

Page ProofsThe printer sends page proofs, the copy-edited

manuscript, and a reprint order form to the author. As

soon as the page proofs are corrected (within 48 h),they should be mailed to the ASM Journals Division,1325 Massachusetts Ave., N.W., Washington, DC20005-4171.The proof stage is not the time to make extensive

corrections, additions, or deletions. Important newinformation that has become available between accep-tance of the manuscript and receipt of the proofs maybe inserted as an Addendum in Proof with the permis-sion of the editor. If references to unpublished data orpersonal communications are added, include writtenassurance that permission to cite them has beengranted. Limit changes to correction of spell-ing errors, incorrect data, grammatical errors, andupdated information for "submitted" and "in press"references.

Questions about late proofs and problems in theproofs should be directed to the ASM Journals Divi-sion, telephone (202) 737-3600.

ReprintsThe corresponding author will receive up to 300 free

reprints of his contribution; additional reprints (inmultiples of 100) may be purchased if desired. Anorder form that shows the cost of reprints will be sentwith the proofs.

IV

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A. Total No. Cosie (Net P*esRs) 8,825 9,000

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2. Mel SubscriptionOP &aldsjreutxed) 7,323 8,170

C. Total Peid andlor Requestd CirculAtionw oar l daid 2 7,320 8,170

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I crtify that the statements made byme above we correct and complete | %A-j. r (XIU'.a) Director, Journals

Pfs Fown 3526. Feb. im1 (Sre instructions on rewvrse) \,-.

NOTICE TO AUTHORSEffective with the January 1991 issues, articles in all ASM journals will contain aReferences section instead of a Literature Cited section. Thus, items that were notpermitted in the Literature Cited section (unpublished data, personal communications,manuscripts in preparation [which must be changed to "unpublished data"], manu-scripts submitted, "in press" references, pamphlets, abstracts, patents, theses,dissertations, newsletters, letters to the editor, editorials, and material that has notbeen peer reviewed) must be placed in the References section. Samples of correctcitations are shown below.

The Journals Division will assume the responsibility of incorporating text referencesinto the new section for accepted manuscripts during most of 1991. Thereafter, authorswill be expected to submit their manuscripts with the correct format or be asked tocorrect them at the modification stage.

If you have any questions, please feel free to call the production editor or JenniferOwens, Manager, Editorial Style and Training.

1. Anagnostopoulos, C., and J. Spizizen. 1961. Requirements for transformation in Bacillus subtilis.J. Bacteriol. 81:741-746.

2. Berry, L. J., R. N. Moore, K. J. Goodrum, and R. E. Couch, Jr. 1977. Cellular requirements forenzyme inhibition by endotoxin in mice, p. 321-325. In D. Schlessinger (ed.), Microbiology-1977.American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.

3. Cox, C. S., B. R. Brown, and J. C. Smith. J. Gen. Genet., in press.*4. Dhople, A., I. Ortega, and C. Berauer. 1989. Effect of oxygen on in vitro growth of Mycobacterium

leprae, abstr. U-82, p. 168. Abstr. 89th Annu. Meet. Am. Soc. Microbiol. 1989.5. Finegold, S. M., W. E. Shepherd, and E. H. Spaulding. 1977. Cumitech 5, Practical anaerobic

bacteriology. Coordinating ed., W. E. Shepherd. American Society for Microbiology, Washington,D.C.

6. Fitzgerald, G., and D. Shaw. In A. E. Waters (ed.), Clinical microbiology, in press. EFH PublishingCo., Boston.

7. Gustlethwaite, F. P. 1985. Letter. Lancet ii:327.8. Jacoby, J., R. Grimm, J. Bostic, V. Dean, and G. Starke. Submitted for publication.9. Jensen, C., and D. S. Schumacher. Unpublished data.

10. Jones, A. (Yale University). 1990. Personal communication.11. Leadbetter, E. R. 1974. Order II. Cytophagales nomen novum, p. 99. In R. E. Buchanan and N. E.

Gibbons (ed.), Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology, 8th ed. The Williams & WilkinsCo., Baltimore.

12. Miller, J. H. 1972. Experiments in molecular genetics, p. 352-355. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory,Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.

13. Powers, R. D., W. M. Dotson, Jr., and F. G. Hayden. 1982. Program Abstr. 22nd Intersci. Conf.Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., abstr. 448.

14. Sigma Chemical Co. 1989. Sigma manual. Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo.15. Smith, J. C. April 1970. U.S. patent 484,363,770.16. Smyth, D. R. 1972. Ph.D. thesis. University of California, Los Angeles.17. Yagupsky, P., and M. A. Menegus. 1989. Intraluminal colonization as a source of catheter-related

infection. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 33:2025. (Letter.)

* Note that an "in press" reference to an ASM publication should state the control number(e.g., AEM 576-91) or the name of the publication, if it is a book.

I i