Upload
scarlett-stevens
View
217
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
ClimateWatershed ConsiderationsFarming OperationsLivestockHuntingFishingFamily RecreationRiparian &WetlandsLakes & ReservoirsGully & Streambank Erosion
Where do the Pollutants Come From ?
Pollutant Loading Assessment Point for TMDL’s
STREAM HABITAT
LAKES
RIPARIAN ZONES
CHANNEL EVOLUTION
AGNPS 2001 Watershed Evaluation Tool
AnnAGNPS (RUSLE)
REMM
SIDO, SNTEMP,
etc.
CCHE1D & CONCEPTS
Lake Models
GEM
FIELDS
WEATHER
AGNPS 2001AGNPS 2001
Agricultural Research Service
A partnering effort between the:
and Natural Resource Conservation
Service
AGNPS 2001 Input/OutputGIS support, TOPAZ, Visual Basic Editor.
Climate synthetic weather generator (GEM)
AnnAGNPSpollutant loadings (sediment & chemicals).
CONCEPTSinstream hydrodynamic processes.
SNTEMPstream network water temperature.
SIDOsediment intrusion & dissolved oxygen for redds.
Fry Emergencemortality of salmonid fry.
Salmonid Total Life Stagesspawning-to-return spawners.
Salmonid Economicsnet economic value of salmonids in Pacific
Northwest.
AnnAGNPS Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source
Pollution computer model.
Continuous simulation, surface runoff pollutant loading (PL) computer model.
Replacement for single-event AGNPS 5.0.
Written in standard ANSI Fortran 95no memory limits.
AnnAGNPS: operational modes
Convert from AGNPS 5.0
Single-event
Sediment - USLE
Limited input
No daily climate file
AGNPS AnnAGNPS
Initial or converted
Continuous-simulation
Sediment - RUSLE
Full input capability
Daily climate file required
AnnAGNPS: Uses NRCS Standards
Weather Generation - GEM
Runoff – SCS Curve Number
Peak Runoff – TR-55
Erosion - RUSLE
Sediment Delivery - HUSLE
Processes
Soils - NASIS
Crops and Operations – Set by NRCS State Agronomists
HUWQ Databases – Fertilizer, Pesticides, Animal Wastes, etc.
Databases
AnnAGNPS:AnnAGNPS: the pollutant loading model the pollutant loading model
Loadings by kind of pollutant : Waterrainfall, snowmelt, irrigation, & point sources. Sediment by particle size-class:
– clay;– silt;– sand;– small aggregate; and– large aggregate.
Chemicals (adsorbates & solutes):– nutrientsnitrogen, phosphorous, & organic carbon; and– pesticidesany number, any kind.
AnnAGNPS:AnnAGNPS: the pollutant loading model the pollutant loading model
Loadings by source of pollutant:
Cells (land areas)water, sediment, & chemicals.
Feedlotssoluble nutrients.
Gulliessediment and chemicals.
Point Sourceswater and chemicals.
Reachessediment yield & chemical transport.
Impoundmentssediment deposition.
AnnAGNPS:AnnAGNPS: major processes major processes
cell Fcell E
cell D
Cell Ccell Acell Breach 1
reac
h 3
reach 4
reach 2
impo
undm
ent
watershed outlet
feedlot
gully
point source
AnnAGNPS: source accounting
cell Fcell E
cell D
cell Ccell Acell Breach 1
Rea
ch 3
reach 4
reach 2
watershed outlet
feedlot
gully
point source
80% of outlet pest X from
cell C
10% of outlet sediment from
gully
25% of outlet nitrogen from feedlot
impo
undm
ent
AGNPS 2001 WATERSHED DESCRIPTION
SUBWATERSHEDS
CONNECTED BY THE CHANNEL NETWORK
FOCUS ON STREAM REACHES
Tucannon River cropland after thunderstorm showing severe erosion
AnnAGNPS:AnnAGNPS: cell processes cell processes
Weathervaries air temperatures, & relative humidity; allows for variable rainfall between cells.
Precipitationrainfall, snowmelt, & irrigation runoff.
Soil moistureprecipitation, infiltration, percolation, & evapotranspiration.
Management operationscrops, rotation, fertilizer, etc.
Irrigationdetermines amount if automatic.
Winter routinessnowpack, melt, & frozen ground.
Curve numberantecedent moisture condition (current soil
moisture). Sediment yieldRUSLE or USLE.
AnnAGNPS: cell processes (continued)
Pesticidesapplication & decay; adsorbates & solutes.
Nutrients application & decay; adsorbates & solutes.
Adds cell data to reach routing processesif runoff event occurs.
Adds cell data to simulation totalsif source accounting requested.
Writes to a detailed stream network fileif this output is requested.
AnnAGNPS: cell processes (continued)
Cells: Foliagerelative growth, nutrients, & pesticides; Soil surfaceresidue, nutrients, & pesticides; Soil profilemoisture, frozen layers, residue, nutrients, &
pesticides; and Operationsnext operation & rotation year.
Feedlots: Manure pack nutrientssoluble only; Date of new operationcalendar date; Amount left over from previous operationnon-dimensional
ratio; Initial manure amountmass; and Daily change in manure production ratemass per unit time.
AnnAGNPS:AnnAGNPS: reach processes reach processes
WaterWaterrainfall, snowmelt, irrigation, & point rainfall, snowmelt, irrigation, & point sources.sources.
Sediment YieldSediment Yieldby particle size-class & by particle size-class & source.source.
ChemicalsChemicalsnutrients, pesticides, & organic nutrients, pesticides, & organic carbon.carbon.
ImpoundmentsImpoundmentssediment deposition.sediment deposition.
USDA-ARS-NSL - USDA-ARS-NSL - CONCEPTS CONCEPTS
CONCONSERVATIONALSERVATIONAL
CCHANNELHANNEL
EEROSIONROSION
PPOLLUTANTOLLUTANT
TTRANSPORTRANSPORT
SSYSTEMYSTEM
USDA-ARS-NSL - USDA-ARS-NSL - CONCEPTS CONCEPTS
Integrates the impact on Integrates the impact on instream water quality from instream water quality from upland and channel upland and channel processes to provide a processes to provide a comprehensive stream comprehensive stream corridor evaluation tool.corridor evaluation tool.
USDA-ARS-NSL - CONCEPTS USDA-ARS-NSL - CONCEPTS
Impact of Channel IncisionImpact of Channel Incision
A common and destructive A common and destructive mode of channel erosionmode of channel erosion
Bed lowering causes banks Bed lowering causes banks to become unstable and to become unstable and widening proceeds at a very widening proceeds at a very rapid pacerapid pace
Destabilizes the landscape Destabilizes the landscape and leads to severe and leads to severe downstream impactsdownstream impacts
USDA-ARS-NSL - CONCEPTS USDA-ARS-NSL - CONCEPTS
Characterization of Streambank Characterization of Streambank ErosionErosion
Bank-toe erosionBank-toe erosion Integration of hydraulic, Integration of hydraulic,
sedimentologic, and geo-sedimentologic, and geo-technical processes technical processes influencing bank failureinfluencing bank failure
Frequency of bank failureFrequency of bank failure Incipient motion criteria Incipient motion criteria
for removal of failed for removal of failed materialmaterial
USDA-ARS-NSL - CONCEPTSUSDA-ARS-NSL - CONCEPTS
Effect of riparian vegetation on river Effect of riparian vegetation on river restorationrestoration
Flexible vegetation exert Flexible vegetation exert major influences on flow major influences on flow resistance resistance
Areas of enhanced deposition Areas of enhanced deposition and erosion affect channel and erosion affect channel geometrygeometry
Plant roots affect stream Plant roots affect stream bank stabilitybank stability
Woody debris influence flow Woody debris influence flow channel hydraulics and channel hydraulics and morphologymorphology
Upper middle Tucannon River: showing loss of riparian vegetation
Lower end Tucannon River: showing lack of riparian vegetation & stream instability
Integration of Riparian Zones Within AGNPS 2001
Integration of Riparian Zones Within AGNPS 2001
Riparian Buffer SystemRiparian Buffer System
Stream
FieldErosion and drainage
Integration of Riparian Zones Within AGNPS 2001
REMM: componentsREMM: components
hydrology
sediment
vegetativegrowth
nutrientdynamics
Integration of Riparian Zones Within AGNPS 2001
Integration of Riparian Zones Within AGNPS 2001
REMM: spatial scaleREMM: spatial scale
Zone 1Zone 3 Zone 2
PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION3 zones3 soil layerslitter layer
CONCEPTSSNTEMP
CHARIMA
REMM
REMM
Integration of Riparian Zones Within AGNPS 2001
AGNPS 2001 Web Site What is available at the web site
web site instructions; model(s) overviews technical feature abstracts; reference input databases documentation; executable files; sample data sets; profiles of management personnel, sponsors, technical team, &
cooperating users; direct link to technical support; and
AGNPS version 5.0 (single-event) archives.
AGNPS 2001 Web Site AGNPS 2001 Web Site (continued)(continued)
Distribution via web siteDistribution via web site– go to: “go to: “http://www.sedlab.olemiss.eduhttp://www.sedlab.olemiss.edu”; and”; and
– thenthen click on: “AGNPS 2001 Project”; orclick on: “AGNPS 2001 Project”; or
– go directly to: go directly to: ““http://www.sedlab.olemiss.edu/AGNPS.htmlhttp://www.sedlab.olemiss.edu/AGNPS.html””
AGNPS 2001 Registered UsersFederal Government
ARSEPANIHNRCSUSCOEWORLDBANKUSGS
Universities
ClemsonColorado StateIowa StateKansas StateMichigan StateOregon StatePenn StateVirginia State Univ. of FloridaUniv. of GeorgiaUniv. of KansasUniv. of MassachusettsUniv. of MississippiUniv. of MontanaUniv. of NebraskaUniv. of New MexicoUniv. of North DakotaUniv. of North TexasUniv. of TexasUniv. of Wisconsin
All 50 States
AGNPS 2001 Registered Users (cont.)Foreign Countries (over 40)
ArgentinaAustraliaAustriaBelizeBoliviaBrazilCanadaChileChinaColumbiaCzechoslovakiaEcuadorEgyptFinlandFranceGermanyHungary
IndonesiaItalyJapanJordanKoreaLithuaniaMalaysiaMexicoNew ZealandNetherlands
Philippines PolandSingaporeSloviaSouth KoreaSpainSweden
SwitzerlandSyriaTaiwanTanzaniaThailandTurkeyVenezuelaVietnam
AGNPS 2001AGNPS 2001 Interface ComponentsInterface Components
What the User sees.What the User sees.
Tools to automatically determine Tools to automatically determine model parameters.model parameters.
Tools to modify and add Tools to modify and add parameters.parameters.
Tools to visualize the watershed.Tools to visualize the watershed.
AGNPS 2001AGNPS 2001
AGNPS 5.0 to AnnAGNPS Converter
Flownet Generator
AnnAGNPS
Output Processor
AnnAGNPS Input File
Names(optional)
AnnAGNPS Input
(watershed data)
Daily Climate
Data
New Average Annual &
Event Tables
Old Reach Event & Source
Accounting output
Sorted Source &
Event Tables
Stream Network
Event
Stream Network CCHE1D
DEM’s
AGNPS 5.0 Input Data
Channel Evolution
& Transport
Input Editor
GEM
Standard Resource Databases
Climate Data
Partial AnnAGNPS
Input
Stream Corridor
CONCEPTS
Key Parameters: Coordinates of Watershed Outlet, Size of DEM
Area shown 4 x 6 miles
Outlet Location
Outlet Location
STREAM NETWORK & ASSOCIATED SUBWATERSHEDS
47 SUBWATERSHEDS
227 SUBWATERSHEDS
470 SUBWATERSHEDS
DIGITIZED vs. GENERATED STREAM NETWORK
GENERATED STREAM NETWORK ASSOCIATED WITH 47 SUBWATERSHEDS
GENERATED STREAM NETWORK ASSOCIATED WITH 168 SUBWATERSHEDS
DIGITIZED STREAM NETWORK ASSOCIATED WITH BLUE LINES ON 7.5 MINUTE USGS QUADS
1987 ACCUMULATED RUNOFF by CELL GOODWIN CREEK
0 22.48 in
1987 ACCUMULATED SEDIMENT by CELL GOODWIN CREEK
19.94
t/ac
1991 ACCUMULATED SEDIMENT by CELL GOODWIN CREEK
147.91
t/ac
5
3
2
1
8
1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991YEAR
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
RU
NO
FF
(m
m)
Measured Runoff
Sim ulated Runoff
GOODW IN CREEK W ATERSHEDAnnAGNPS SIMULATED & MEASURED RUNOFFSTATION #1 1982-1991
1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991YEAR
0
200
400
600
800
1000R
UN
OF
F (
mm
)Measured Runoff
Sim ulated Runoff
GOODW IN CREEK W ATERSHEDAnnAGNPS SIMULATED & MEASURED RUNOFFSTATION #2 1982-1991
1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991YEAR
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
RU
NO
FF
(m
m)
Measured Runoff
Sim ulated Runoff
GOODW IN CREEK W ATERSHEDAnnAGNPS SIMULATED & MEASURED RUNOFFSTATION #3 1982-1991
1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991YEAR
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
RU
NO
FF
(m
m)
Measured Runoff
Sim ulated Runoff
GOODW IN CREEK W ATERSHEDAnnAGNPS SIMULATED & MEASURED RUNOFFSTATION #5 1982-1991
1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991YEAR
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400R
UN
OF
F (
mm
)Measured Runoff
Sim ulated Runoff
GOODW IN CREEK W ATERSHEDAnnAGNPS SIMULATED & MEASURED RUNOFFSTATION #8 1982-1991
1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991YEAR
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
Sed
imen
t Y
ield
(t/
ha)
Measured Sedim ent
Yield
Sim ulated Sedim ent
Yield
GOODW IN CREEK W ATERSHEDAnnAGNPS SIMULATED & MEASURED
FINE SEDIMENT YIELDSTATION #1 1982-1991
DRAINAGE AREA = 2142 ha
1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991YEAR
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
Se
dim
en
t Y
ield
(t/
ha
)
Measured Sedim ent
Yield
Sim ulated Sedim ent
Yield
GOODW IN CREEK W ATERSHEDAnnAGNPS SIMULATED & MEASURED
FINE SEDIMENT YIELDSTATION #2 1982-1991
DRAINAGE AREA = 1781 ha
1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991YEAR
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Se
dim
ent
Yie
ld (
t/h
a)
Measured Sedim ent
Yield
Sim ulated Sedim ent
Yield
GOODW IN CREEK W ATERSHEDAnnAGNPS SIMULATED & MEASURED
FINE SEDIMENT YIELDSTATION #3 1982-1991
DRAINAGE AREA = 862 ha
1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991YEAR
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Se
dim
en
t Y
ield
(t/
ha
)
Measured Sedim ent
Yield
Sim ulated Sedim ent
Yield
GOODW IN CREEK W ATERSHEDAnnAGNPS SIMULATED & MEASURED
FINE SEDIMENT YIELDSTATION #5 1982-1991
DRAINAGE AREA = 419 ha
1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991YEAR
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
Sed
imen
t Y
ield
(t/
ha)
Measured Sedim ent
Yield
Sim ulated Sedim ent
Yield
GOODW IN CREEK W ATERSHEDAnnAGNPS SIMULATED & MEASURED
FINE SEDIMENT YIELDSTATION #8 1982-1991
DRAINAGE AREA = 140 ha
OBSERVED TOTAL LOAD
OBSERVED TOTAL FINE MATERIAL
SIMULATED FINES FROM FIELDS
0 5 10 15 20 25
GOODW IN CREEK DRAINAGE AREA (km 2 )
0
20
40
60
80
100
120A
VE
RA
GE
DA
ILY
SE
DIM
EN
T Y
IEL
D (
t/d
ay)
FEBRUARY 18, 1991 SEDIMENT by CELLGOODWIN CREEK - 9 inches of Rainfall
23.75
t/ac
NOVEMBER 30, 1991 RUNOFF by CELL GOODWIN CREEK - 10.4 inches of Rainfall
11.19
in
NOVEMBER 30, 1991 SEDIMENT by CELL GOODWIN CREEK - 10.4 inches of Rainfall
48.26
t/ac
Produces 5.5% of SY @ outlet
4/27
/91
4/28
/91
4/29
/91
4/30
/91
STORM DATE
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4R
UN
OF
F R
AT
E (
m3 /s
)STATION #94/27-29/91
0
25
50
75
100
125
RA
INF
AL
L (
mm
)
RAINFALL
SIM ULATED RUNOFFOBSERVED RUNOFF
4/27
/91
4/28
/91
4/29
/91
4/30
/91
STORM DATE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110R
UN
OF
F R
AT
E (
m3 /s
)STATION #14/27-29/91
OBSERVED
SIMULATED
0.1 1.0 10.0 50.0% EX CEED ANCE
0.01
0.10
1.00
10.00
100.00
1000.00
PE
AK
DIS
CH
AR
GE
(m
3 /s)
STRUCTURES
NO STRUCTURES
OBSERVED
GOODW IN CREEK W ATER SHEDSTATION #1
0 1000 2000 3000 4000DISTANCE FROM FLUM E #1 (m )
60
65
70
75
80
EL
EV
AT
ION
(m
)
PE A K WA TE R SU R FA C E PR O F IL E S O N G O O D W IN C R E E K - 12 /4/82
S IMU LA T E DO B S E R VE DT H A LWE G (2/83)
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80DISTANCE ALONG X-SECT. (m )
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
EL
EV
AT
ION
(m
, MS
L)
GOODW IN CREEK W ATERSHED OBSERVED & S IM ULATED CROSS-SECTION C4-17
3-20-19907-5-19841-9-1978
O BSE RVE D
S IMUL AT ED
0 1000 2000 3000 4000DISTANC E A LON G GOOD W IN C REE K (m)
64
66
68
70
72
74
76
78
80
EL
EV
AT
ION
(m
)
STATION #1INSTALLED - 8/79
STATION #2INSTALLED - 5/78
TOP BANK
THALWEG
SIMULATED W /
OBSERVED
GC W THA LW EGFR OM LONG C REEK CON FLUEN CE
SIM ULATED W / & W /O STR UC TURESAND OBSE RVED - 4 -27-80
INITIAL
SIMULATED W/O
0 1000 2000 3000 4000DISTANC E A LON G GOOD W IN C REE K (m)
64
66
68
70
72
74
76
78
80
EL
EV
AT
ION
(m
)
STATION #1INSTALLED - 8/79
STATION #2INSTALLED - 5/78
TOP BANK
THALWEG
SIMULATED W /
OBSERVED
GC W THA LW EGFR OM LONG C REEK CON FLUEN CE
SIM ULATED W / & W /O STR UC TURESAND OBSERVED - 11 -18-82
INITIAL
SIMULATED W/O