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Climate & Energy Policies for the
44th President & 111th Congress
William BeckerPresidential Climate Action Project
November 13, 2008
What science is telling usWhat science is telling us
1.1. Global warming is real.Global warming is real.2.2. It is underway now.It is underway now.3.3. It is caused mostly by human activities.It is caused mostly by human activities.4.4. If allowed to go much farther, it will If allowed to go much farther, it will
have disastrous consequences for our have disastrous consequences for our economy, health, security & economy, health, security & ecosystems.ecosystems.
5.5. We have the tools to prevent this.We have the tools to prevent this.6.6. We don’t have much time.We don’t have much time.
How Far?How Far?Emission Reduction Goals for Industrial Emission Reduction Goals for Industrial
NationsNations
By 2015By 2015 Stabilize global emissions: IPCCStabilize global emissions: IPCC
By 2020 By 2020 (compared to 1990)(compared to 1990)
25-40%: Bali action plan25-40%: Bali action plan 20-30%: European Union20-30%: European Union
How fast?How fast?
"If there's no action before "If there's no action before 2012,2012,that's too late. What we do inthat's too late. What we do inthe next 2the next 2 to 3 years to 3 years will willdetermine our future. This is determine our future. This is the defining moment.“ – the defining moment.“ – Rajendra Pachauri, IPCCRajendra Pachauri, IPCC
““The next president and The next president and congress must define a course congress must define a course next yearnext year in which the United in which the United States exerts leadership States exerts leadership commensurate with our commensurate with our responsibility for the present responsibility for the present dangerous situation…” – Dr. dangerous situation…” – Dr. Jim Hansen, NASAJim Hansen, NASA
Moving in Wrong Moving in Wrong DirectionDirection
McKinsey & Company 2030 Reference Case for U.S.McKinsey & Company 2030 Reference Case for U.S.
By 2030…By 2030… COCO2e2e emissions increase 35% emissions increase 35% Carbon absorption decreases 7%Carbon absorption decreases 7% Carbon intensity &Carbon intensity &
per capita emissionsper capita emissionsimproveimprove
Growth factorsGrowth factors Population growthPopulation growth Buildings & appliancesBuildings & appliances More carbon-based power More carbon-based power
Moving in Wrong Moving in Wrong DirectionDirection
Energy Information Administration - 2007Energy Information Administration - 2007
The The challenge…challenge…
2121stst century century economy economy SecuritySecurity OpportunityOpportunity StewardshipStewardship
Carbon EconomyCarbon EconomyPetroleumPetroleum
Oil dependence to cost Oil dependence to cost economy $560 billion & economy $560 billion & 1.5% of GDP in 2008 1.5% of GDP in 2008 (Oak (Oak Ridge National Laboratory/DOE)Ridge National Laboratory/DOE)
$1.7 trillion lost in past five $1.7 trillion lost in past five yearsyears
$1 trillion transferred to $1 trillion transferred to oil-producing nationsoil-producing nations
Oil = 1/3 trade deficitOil = 1/3 trade deficit Cheap oil goneCheap oil gone Efficiency, conservation & Efficiency, conservation &
new fuels can deliver 50 new fuels can deliver 50 times more oil than times more oil than expanded domestic drilling expanded domestic drilling (Consumer Federation of (Consumer Federation of AmericaAmerica))
Direct Economic Costs of U.S. Oil Dependence, 1970-2009Source: U.S. Department of Energy
Carbon EconomyCarbon EconomyElectric GenerationElectric Generation
U.S. power sector world’s U.S. power sector world’s largestlargest 2 times China2 times China 3.5 times Russia3.5 times Russia 5 times India5 times India
Per capita use in U.S. 5 times Per capita use in U.S. 5 times global averageglobal average
70% wasted in generation70% wasted in generation 6-9% wasted in line losses6-9% wasted in line losses Congestion/blackouts cost Congestion/blackouts cost
$79 billion/year $79 billion/year BAU by 2030BAU by 2030
60% power from coal60% power from coal 34% of GHG emissions 34% of GHG emissions
Carbon EconomyCarbon EconomyCoalCoal
80% U.S. power plant CO80% U.S. power plant CO22
1/3 existing plants to retire by 20301/3 existing plants to retire by 2030 151 plants in pipeline in 2007151 plants in pipeline in 2007 Nearly 90 stopped by lawsuit, permitting, Nearly 90 stopped by lawsuit, permitting,
lack of investmentlack of investment CCS decade + awayCCS decade + away
Post-Carbon EconomyPost-Carbon EconomyMarket opportunityMarket opportunity
Global green market to reach $2.7 trillion by 2020 Global green market to reach $2.7 trillion by 2020 (UNEP)(UNEP)
U.S investments in renewables = $13 billion in U.S investments in renewables = $13 billion in 2007 2007
Post-Carbon EconomyPost-Carbon EconomyRenewable EnergyRenewable Energy
TodayToday 11% of generation11% of generation Wind capacity grew Wind capacity grew
45% 2006-200745% 2006-2007 Solar capacity grew Solar capacity grew
40%40% Geothermal projects Geothermal projects
up 20% through Aug. up 20% through Aug. 20082008
What’s AheadWhat’s Ahead 20% wind by 2020 20% wind by 2020
(DOE)(DOE) Solar grid parity in Solar grid parity in
~5 years ~5 years (McKinsey)(McKinsey) Smart gridsSmart grids Distributed powerDistributed power
Post-Carbon Post-Carbon EconomyEconomy
Energy efficiencyEnergy efficiency
Largest source of US energy Largest source of US energy supply for last 35 yearssupply for last 35 years
30% savings cost effective 30% savings cost effective in the next 20-25 years in the next 20-25 years (ACEEE)(ACEEE)
$1 for efficiency avoids $1 for efficiency avoids more than $2 in new supply more than $2 in new supply (IEA)(IEA)
Best cushion against rising Best cushion against rising pricesprices
Efficiency could hold US CO2 Efficiency could hold US CO2 constant to 2030 constant to 2030 (NREL)(NREL)
Post-Carbon Post-Carbon Economy Economy
$100 billion$100 billion
investment couldinvestment could
produce produce 2 million jobs2 million jobsin two years in two years - - Center for American ProgressCenter for American Progress
$500 billion investment could produce $500 billion investment could produce 5 5 million jobsmillion jobs in 10 years in 10 years - - Apollo ProjectApollo Project
National push could create National push could create 2.5 million new 2.5 million new metropolitan jobsmetropolitan jobs by 2018 - by 2018 - U.S. Conference of U.S. Conference of MayorsMayors
McKinsey Curve: Power of EfficiencyMcKinsey Curve: Power of Efficiency
Building and Building and Construction Trades Construction Trades Department (AFL-CIO)Department (AFL-CIO)
International International Brotherhood of Brotherhood of BoilermakersBoilermakers
Industrial Union Industrial Union Council (AFL-CIO)Council (AFL-CIO)
United Association of United Association of Plumbers and Plumbers and Pipefitters Pipefitters
Environmental Defense Environmental Defense FundFund
Project Project Sponsors:Sponsors:
Available on 11/18 at: http://www.cggc.duke.edu/environment/climatesolutions/Available on 11/18 at: http://www.cggc.duke.edu/environment/climatesolutions/
Window Components
Raw Materials
Gas Filling
Low-E, Solar Control Coatings
Lumber
Aluminum
Polystyrene Foam
Other Components-Backer Rod-Flange
Fiberglass
Silver
Vinyl
Argon
Frames
Sill, Sash, Stop, & Stool
Nickel
Titanium Dioxide
Chromium Nitrate
Silica
Insulating Spacer
Flat Glass Panes
Krypto
High Performance Windows
ComponentsManufacturers
Window
Manufacturers
Installation (Contractors)
Consumer Market
Raw Materials
Top Window Manufacturers
Jeld-Wen: (OR) 25,000 employees, $ 2,900 million sales
Pella Co.: (IA) 9,000 employees, $1,530 million sales
Andersen: (MN) 9001 employees, $3,000 million sales
Milgard Windows: (WA, CA) 3,607 employees, $1,227.1 million sales
Atrium Windows and Doors: (TX) 520 employees, $120.6 million sales
Gorell Enterprises (PA) 280 employees, $72.2 million sales
Alpen (co)Residential Construction Companies (Professional
Installation)
•D.R. Horton (TX) 6,231 Employees•Lennar (FL) 6,934 Employees•Pulte Homes (MI) 8,500 Employees•Centex (TX) 11,418 Employees
Gas Fills:
Praxair: (CT) 27,992 employeesAir Liquide: FranceAir Products and Chemicals: (PA) 21,500 employeesAirgas: (PA) 14, 500 employees
Low-E Coatings
Seki-Sui-Lec: (Japan)Emirates Glass: (Dubai)CPFilms: (VA)
Lumber Weyerehouse Co.(WA), Jeld-Wen (OR),
Pella Co.(IA)
ChromiumElements Chromium (TX
and NC)
SilicaU.S. Silica Co., Wedron
Silica Co.(IL), Shore Mountains Silica (TN)
Vinyl
Dow Chemical Co., E.I. du Pont
Other Components:Backer Rod,
Flange
Leading U.S. Window Retailers
Lowe’s: (NC) 160,000 employees
Home Depot: (GA) 331,000 employees84 Lumber: (PA) 9,500 Employees
Manufacturer Retail Stores/ Showrooms
NickelRussia, Canada, Australia,
Indonesia
SpacerEdgetech I.G.: (OH) 50 employeesGED Integrated Solutions: (OH)
110 employeesTruSeal Technologies: (OH) 40
employees
Other: Krypton,Titanium dioxide,
Silver
Frames:Most frames are made on-site at the finished product manufacturer:
Pella, Jeld-Wen, Milgard
Polystyrene FoamOwens Corning (OH), Carpenter Co. (VA), Foamex Intl. (PA)
AluminumAlcoa Inc., A.M. Castle
ArgonPraxair (CT), Air Products
and Chemicals (PA)
Professional Installation Contractors Within Each
State
Research & Development:
Manufacturers: Many component and window manufacturers employ research engineers (ex: Pella has over 300 engineers; CPF Films has an R&D department)
Industry Organizations: Energy Star
Retailers
FiberglassU.S., China
Flat GlassCorning, Inc: (NY) 313 employees
Cardinal Insulating Glass (ND) 280 employees
Pilkington Glass Co.: (OH) 300 employees
U.S. Component and Window U.S. Component and Window ManufacturersManufacturers
LED Lighting Manufacturing LED Lighting Manufacturing
CompaniesCompanies
Status of U.S. PolicyStatus of U.S. Policy
Americans can Americans can always be counted always be counted on to do the right on to do the right thing...after they thing...after they have exhausted all have exhausted all other possibilitiesother possibilities. – . – Sir Winston ChurchillSir Winston Churchill
PCAP MissionPCAP Mission
Provide the 44Provide the 44thth President of the United States President of the United States with a comprehensive plan to take bold action with a comprehensive plan to take bold action
on climate change within 100 days.on climate change within 100 days.
BackgroundBackground
Most comprehensiveMost comprehensiveclimate action plan yetclimate action plan yet
Two-year, $2 million projectTwo-year, $2 million project Wirth Chair, UC-DenverWirth Chair, UC-Denver Sources of proposals:Sources of proposals:
Science & policy expertsScience & policy experts Advisory Committee membersAdvisory Committee members Original researchOriginal research Current & former federal Current & former federal
National Advisory National Advisory CommitteeCommittee
Ray Anderson, Founder & CEO, Ray Anderson, Founder & CEO, Interface Inc.Interface Inc.
Dr. D. James Baker, former NOAA Dr. D. James Baker, former NOAA AdministratorAdministrator
Scott Bernstein, Center for Scott Bernstein, Center for Neighborhood TechnologiesNeighborhood Technologies
April Bucksbaum, Baum April Bucksbaum, Baum Foundation Foundation
Dianne Dillon-Ridgley, Chair, Plains Dianne Dillon-Ridgley, Chair, Plains JusticeJustice
Brian Castelli, VP, Alliance to Save Brian Castelli, VP, Alliance to Save Energy Energy
Boyd Gibbons, past president, Boyd Gibbons, past president, Johnson FoundationJohnson Foundation
Gary Hart, U.S. Sen. (ret)Gary Hart, U.S. Sen. (ret) Sheila Slocum Hollis, PartnerSheila Slocum Hollis, Partner
Duane Morris LLP Duane Morris LLP Van Jones, President & Founder, Van Jones, President & Founder,
Ella Baker Center for Human RightsElla Baker Center for Human Rights
John Petersen, Arlington InstituteJohn Petersen, Arlington Institute Hunter Lovins, Natural Capitalism Hunter Lovins, Natural Capitalism
SolutionsSolutions Michael Northrop, Rockefeller Bros. Michael Northrop, Rockefeller Bros.
FundFund Dr. David Orr, Oberlin CollegeDr. David Orr, Oberlin College Theodore Roosevelt IV, Pew CenterTheodore Roosevelt IV, Pew Center Larry Schweiger, President, National Larry Schweiger, President, National
Wildlife FederationWildlife Federation Jeremy Symons, National Wildlife Jeremy Symons, National Wildlife
FederationFederation Dr. Gus Speth, Dean, School of Dr. Gus Speth, Dean, School of
Forestry & Environmental Studies, Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale UniversityYale University
Adm. Richard Truly (USN ret), Adm. Richard Truly (USN ret), former NASA Administrator & NREL former NASA Administrator & NREL DirectorDirector
Heidi VanGenderen, Chief Climate Heidi VanGenderen, Chief Climate Advisor, Colorado Governors OfficeAdvisor, Colorado Governors Office
Comprehensive Comprehensive 1.1. Economic policyEconomic policy2.2. Climate policyClimate policy3.3. Energy policyEnergy policy4.4. National securityNational security5.5. Agriculture/rural developmentAgriculture/rural development6.6. BuildingsBuildings7.7. TransportationTransportation8.8. Federal carbon managementFederal carbon management9.9. Natural resource stewardshipNatural resource stewardship10.10. Ocean ecologyOcean ecology11.11. Freshwater resourcesFreshwater resources12.12. Equity Equity 13.13. AdaptationAdaptation14.14. Public healthPublic health15.15. State/Local actionState/Local action16.16. International policyInternational policy17.17. Presidential leadershipPresidential leadership
Presidential Climate Action Plan
www.climateactionproject.com
PCAP by the NumbersPCAP by the Numbers
Action itemsAction items 181 recommendations181 recommendations $160 billion/year$160 billion/year
Executive authority analysisExecutive authority analysis 96 climate statutes96 climate statutes Landmark environmental lawsLandmark environmental laws 140 federal court cases140 federal court cases 370 executive orders from 1937370 executive orders from 1937
Climate Plum BookClimate Plum Book 200 senior climate-critical positions200 senior climate-critical positions 250 nominees250 nominees
Among the issues…Among the issues…
Carbon pricingCarbon pricing Perverse subsidiesPerverse subsidies Fed vs. state leadershipFed vs. state leadership Carbon lock-inCarbon lock-in CapitalCapital International expectationsInternational expectations
Carbon PricingCarbon Pricing
President-elect ObamaPresident-elect Obama Economy-wide cap & TradeEconomy-wide cap & Trade 100% auction100% auction EPA regulationEPA regulation GHG = 1990 by 2020GHG = 1990 by 2020 80% cut by 205080% cut by 2050
PCAPPCAP Economy-wide cap & tradeEconomy-wide cap & trade Upstream allowancesUpstream allowances 100% auction100% auction No off-ramps/safety valvesNo off-ramps/safety valves Reductions measured in Reductions measured in
absolute tonsabsolute tons 25-30% cut by 202025-30% cut by 2020 80%+ cut by 205080%+ cut by 2050
Renewable PowerRenewable Power
President-elect President-elect ObamaObama
25% by 202525% by 2025 $15 billion/year$15 billion/year
PCAPPCAP 30% 202030% 2020 $30 billion/year$30 billion/year
$1 billion $1 billion platinum carrotplatinum carrot
Energy storageEnergy storage Plug-in hybridsPlug-in hybrids Cellulosic Cellulosic
ethanolethanol
Energy Efficiency Energy Efficiency Critical for CopingCritical for Coping
President-elect President-elect ObamaObama Reduce consumption Reduce consumption
15% below projected 15% below projected demand by 2020demand by 2020
PCAPPCAP 25% cut from today’s 25% cut from today’s
use by 2020use by 2020 50% cut by 205050% cut by 2050
Coal-fired GenerationCoal-fired Generation
President-elect ObamaPresident-elect Obama Aggressive R&D on CCSAggressive R&D on CCS 5 demonstration plants5 demonstration plants
PCAPPCAP Use efficiency/renewables to Use efficiency/renewables to
avoid new conventional plantsavoid new conventional plants ““Clean” = life-cycle COClean” = life-cycle CO22
Explore converting existing Explore converting existing plants to natural gasplants to natural gas
CCS R&DCCS R&D Continue but don’t waitContinue but don’t wait Increase industry cost-shareIncrease industry cost-share Continually evaluate cost-Continually evaluate cost-
effectivenesseffectiveness
Nuclear PowerNuclear PowerAvoid problem-switchingAvoid problem-switching
President-elect President-elect ObamaObama
Solve storage, Solve storage, proliferation, safety proliferation, safety problemsproblems
PCAPPCAP Same as ObamaSame as Obama Meantime, implement Meantime, implement
clean energy surgeclean energy surge
TransportationTransportationBeyond FuturamaBeyond Futurama
President-elect ObamaPresident-elect Obama Deploy 1 million plug-in Deploy 1 million plug-in
hybrids by 2015hybrids by 2015 Increase CAFE 4%/yearIncrease CAFE 4%/year Offer $7,000 tax credit for Offer $7,000 tax credit for
advanced vehicle purchasesadvanced vehicle purchases Provide $4 billion in retooling Provide $4 billion in retooling
tax credits for automakerstax credits for automakers Support liquids from coal if Support liquids from coal if
20% less carbon than gasoline20% less carbon than gasoline PCAPPCAP
Increase CAFE to 50 mpg by Increase CAFE to 50 mpg by 20252025
200 mpg by 2050200 mpg by 2050 Reform Surface Reform Surface
Transportation ProgramTransportation Program Offer $1 billion in platinum Offer $1 billion in platinum
carrot awardscarrot awards No liquids from coalNo liquids from coal
Economic PolicyEconomic PolicyInvest in the New EconomyInvest in the New Economy
McKinsey & CompanyMcKinsey & Company 10-fold increase in carbon 10-fold increase in carbon
productivity in 4 decadesproductivity in 4 decades Comparable in magnitude to Comparable in magnitude to
labor productivity increases of labor productivity increases of Industrial Revolution…Industrial Revolution…
But in one-third the timeBut in one-third the time President-elect ObamaPresident-elect Obama
$150 billion investments over $150 billion investments over 10 years to produce 5 million 10 years to produce 5 million jobsjobs
PCAPPCAP $100 billion investment over 2 $100 billion investment over 2
years = 2 million jobs years = 2 million jobs Economic development grants Economic development grants
for “climate enterprise zones”for “climate enterprise zones” Reform international aid & Reform international aid &
trade to spur emerging global trade to spur emerging global markets for green energymarkets for green energy
States & LocalitiesStates & LocalitiesCreate Intergovernmental Action PlanCreate Intergovernmental Action Plan
$1 billion/year for states $1 billion/year for states that…that…
Decouple ratesDecouple rates Map renewables & extend gridMap renewables & extend grid Promote distributed power & co-Promote distributed power & co-
generationgeneration Create interconnection standardsCreate interconnection standards Implement net meteringImplement net metering Use feed-in tariffsUse feed-in tariffs Implement climate action plansImplement climate action plans Establish RPSsEstablish RPSs
$2 billion/year Energy $2 billion/year Energy Efficiency & Conservation Efficiency & Conservation block grantsblock grants
$1.4 billion/year $1.4 billion/year Weatherization Assistance Weatherization Assistance ProgramProgram
States Climate Change Action PlansStates Climate Change Action Plans Information current as of August 2008.Information current as of August 2008.
Completed: 32Completed: 32AL, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, HI, IA, IL, KY, ME, MD, MA, MN, AL, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, HI, IA, IL, KY, ME, MD, MA, MN, MO, MT, NH, NJ, NM, NV, NY, NC, OR, PA, RI, SC, TN, UT, VT, MO, MT, NH, NJ, NM, NV, NY, NC, OR, PA, RI, SC, TN, UT, VT, WA, WI WA, WI
In Progress: 6In Progress: 6AK, AR, ID, KS, MI, VA AK, AR, ID, KS, MI, VA
No Policy in Place: 13 No Policy in Place: 13
International Climate International Climate ActionAction
Strong domestic policy = LeadershipStrong domestic policy = Leadership President-elect ObamaPresident-elect Obama
Join actively in post-Kyoto negotiations Join actively in post-Kyoto negotiations Provide incentives for reductions by developing nationsProvide incentives for reductions by developing nations Create Global Energy Forum G8+5Create Global Energy Forum G8+5 Cooperate with China/India to reduce oil demandCooperate with China/India to reduce oil demand
PCAPPCAP Send representative to PolandSend representative to Poland Commit to holding warming to 2Commit to holding warming to 2ooC or lessC or less Negotiate bilateral pact with ChinaNegotiate bilateral pact with China Champion reforms in aid & tradeChampion reforms in aid & trade Propose OPICPropose OPIC Meet with Congressional leaders early to collaborate on Meet with Congressional leaders early to collaborate on
pre-Copenhagen planspre-Copenhagen plans
Questions for CongressQuestions for Congress
The international community is looking for The international community is looking for an early signal of U.S. commitment. Will an early signal of U.S. commitment. Will Congress move cap & trade legislation in Congress move cap & trade legislation in 2009? 2009?
If not, what measures will it support to If not, what measures will it support to demonstrate U.S. commitment?demonstrate U.S. commitment?
Questions for CongressQuestions for Congress
Should we allow the construction of Should we allow the construction of any more conventional any more conventional coal-fired coal-fired power plantspower plants??
If so, how do we reconcile new plants If so, how do we reconcile new plants with need to reduce COwith need to reduce CO22??
Questions for CongressQuestions for Congress
European Union & other nations call for European Union & other nations call for industrial nations to cut GHG emissions 25-industrial nations to cut GHG emissions 25-40% 40% belowbelow 1990 levels by 2020 1990 levels by 2020
That’s far short of any legislation in Congress That’s far short of any legislation in Congress or proposed during presidential campaign.or proposed during presidential campaign.
Can the U.S. have credibility in international Can the U.S. have credibility in international negotiations without the higher goal?negotiations without the higher goal?
Questions for CongressQuestions for Congress
If you support more oil production If you support more oil production andand a reduction in greenhouse gas a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, how do you reconcile emissions, how do you reconcile those two contradictory goals?those two contradictory goals?
Questions for CongressQuestions for Congress
On the one hand, there’s general agreement On the one hand, there’s general agreement we should correct market signals by pricing we should correct market signals by pricing carbon.carbon.
On the other hand, market signals are On the other hand, market signals are distorted by fossil energy subsidies. distorted by fossil energy subsidies.
Will you push for an end to public subsidies Will you push for an end to public subsidies for the coal, gas and oil industries?for the coal, gas and oil industries?
Questions for CongressQuestions for Congress
The first big opportunity to make federal The first big opportunity to make federal policy more “climate friendly” next year policy more “climate friendly” next year will be the reauthorization of the surface will be the reauthorization of the surface transportation act transportation act
Will you shift the emphasis from building Will you shift the emphasis from building roads to building mass transit systems, roads to building mass transit systems, high speed rail, and transit-oriented high speed rail, and transit-oriented communities?communities?
Questions for CongressQuestions for Congress
Although everyone talks about Although everyone talks about “energy independence”, the U.S. has “energy independence”, the U.S. has little control over oil prices or little control over oil prices or supplies. More domestic production supplies. More domestic production will have little effect.will have little effect.
What can the U.S. do to reduce this What can the U.S. do to reduce this global vulnerability?global vulnerability?
Questions for CongressQuestions for Congress
Climate scientists tell us we need Climate scientists tell us we need action far more aggressive than any action far more aggressive than any contemplated by Congress so far.contemplated by Congress so far.
How do we close the gap?How do we close the gap?
Needed: Bold Action Needed: Bold Action Soon Soon
Reduce federal emissions 30% by 2020, Reduce federal emissions 30% by 2020, 80-90% by 205080-90% by 2050
Cut oil consumption in half by 2025Cut oil consumption in half by 2025 Offset all U.S. oil imports by 2040Offset all U.S. oil imports by 2040 Achieve zero-net-carbon buildings by Achieve zero-net-carbon buildings by
20302030 Reduce energy consumption 25% by Reduce energy consumption 25% by
20202020 Obtain 30% of electricity from Obtain 30% of electricity from
renewables by 2020renewables by 2020 Reduce vehicle miles traveled 20% by Reduce vehicle miles traveled 20% by
2020, 50% by 20502020, 50% by 2050 De-carbonize federal subsidiesDe-carbonize federal subsidies De-carbonize international development De-carbonize international development
policiespolicies Form Organization of Petroleum Form Organization of Petroleum
Importing Countries (OPIC)Importing Countries (OPIC) Require carbon impact statementsRequire carbon impact statements
