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climate data sets: introduction
two perspectives:
A. What varieties of data are available?
B. What data helps you to identify...
climate data sets: introduction
two perspectives:
A. What varieties of data are available?
B. What data helps you to identify...
1. reconstructions
2. observations
3. model outputs
climate data sets: introduction
two perspectives:
A. What varieties of data are available?
B. What data helps you to identify...
1. reconstructions
2. observations
3. model outputs
1. ... the baseline climate ?
2. ... variations from the baseline ?
climate data sets: introduction
two perspectives:
A. What varieties of data are available?
B. What data helps you to identify...
finally: How do you get the data to meet your need?
1. reconstructions
2. observations
3. model outputs
1. ... the baseline climate ?
2. ... variations from the baseline ?
climate data sets: reconstructions
the proxy tree rings, boreholes, etc.
sources How many proxy sources? How many sites?
records Can we use a variety of reconstructions?
think about...
climate data sets: reconstructions
the proxy tree rings, boreholes, etc.
sources How many proxy sources? How many sites?
records Can we use a variety of reconstructions?
key site: World Data Centre for Palaeo-climatology
www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/data.html
think about...
climate data sets: reconstructions
the proxy tree rings, boreholes, etc.
sources How many proxy sources? How many sites?
records Can we use a variety of reconstructions?
key site: World Data Centre for Palaeo-climatology
www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/data.html
think about...
example: globaltemperature1000-2000
source: www.cru.uea.ac.uk/cru/info/milltemp/
climate data sets: observations
space global, hemispheric, continental, country, grid, station
time
think about...
year, month, day, hour
climate data sets: observations
space global, hemispheric, continental, country, grid, station
time
key sites: CRU
www.cru.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/
think about...
year, month, day, hour
NCDC
lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/ncdc.html
climate data sets: observations
space global, hemispheric, continental, country, grid, station
time
key sites: CRU
www.cru.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/
think about...
example: Southern Oscillation index (SOI)
year, month, day, hour
NCDC
lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/ncdc.html
source: www.cru.uea.ac.uk/cru/info/enso/
climate data sets: model outputs
what? global climate model (GCM), regional climate model (RCM)
which?
think about...
there are many different models
how? area averages, individual grid boxes, downscaling
runs? reanalysis, control, historical, future
climate data sets: model outputs
what? global climate model (GCM), regional climate model (RCM)
which?
key sites:NCEP/NCAR reanalysis
think about...
there are many different models
www.cdc.noaa.gov/cdc/data.nmc.reanalysis.html
how? area averages, individual grid boxes, downscaling
runs? reanalysis, control, historical, future
IPCC-DDC GCM data
Hadley Centre data
Canadian data
ipcc-ddc.cru.uea.ac.uk/
www.cru.uea.ac.uk/link/
www.cccma.bc.ec.gc.ca/data.shtml
climate data sets: model outputs
example:
summer precipitation changes in Europe for the 2080s for nine GCMs under A2
climate data sets: progress check
two perspectives:
A. What varieties of data are available?
B. What data helps you to identify...
finally: How do you get the data to meet your need?
1. reconstructions
2. observations
3. model outputs
1. ... the baseline climate ?
2. ... variations from the baseline ?
climate data sets: baseline
purpose: to identify the baseline climatefor the region or location of interest,to give a firm basis for calculating changes
climate data sets: baseline
the spatial scale What may be critical?If we are interested in climate changes, then we should select the time period with the best data, if possible 1961-90. The data-set we choose will be dependent on the spatial scale of interest to us.
purpose: to identify the baseline climatefor the region or location of interest,to give a firm basis for calculating changes
climate data sets: baseline
the spatial scale What may be critical?
Which data-set will I need?
If we are interested in climate changes, then we should select the time period with the best data, if possible 1961-90. The data-set we choose will be dependent on the spatial scale of interest to us.
purpose: to identify the baseline climatefor the region or location of interest,to give a firm basis for calculating changes
observations A good baseline needs observations! Reconstructions and model outputs are partly based on observations, and checked against them.
climate data sets: baseline
the spatial scale What may be critical?
Which data-set will I need?
If we are interested in climate changes, then we should select the time period with the best data, if possible 1961-90. The data-set we choose will be dependent on the spatial scale of interest to us.
purpose: to identify the baseline climatefor the region or location of interest,to give a firm basis for calculating changes
large area
small area
point
average boxes from an observations griduse a pre-calculated country average
station instrumental record for the point
observations A good baseline needs observations! Reconstructions and model outputs are partly based on observations, and checked against them.
climate data sets: variability
purpose: to identify the full range of variability,and changes at particular time,in the regional climate
climate data sets: variability
the time scale of interest What may be critical?
Many changes in climate take place over large areas. Therefore the time scale may be more important when selecting a data-set.
purpose: to identify the full range of variability,and changes at particular time,in the regional climate
climate data sets: variability
the time scale of interest What may be critical?
Which data-set will I need?
Many changes in climate take place over large areas. Therefore the time scale may be more important when selecting a data-set.
purpose:
annual +seasonal
monthly
daily
multi-century reconstructionslong instrumental recordsmulti-century GCM controlslong instrumental recordsmulti-century GCM controlsshort instrumental recordsGCM reanalysis simulationsGCM historical simulations
to identify the full range of variability,and changes at particular time,in the regional climate
range of variability
particular times
short instrumental recordsGCM reanalysis simulations
long instrumental records
long instrumental records
climate data sets: progress check
two perspectives:
A. What varieties of data are available?
B. What data helps you to identify...
finally: How do you get the data to meet your need?
1. reconstructions
2. observations
3. model outputs
1. ... the baseline climate ?
2. ... variations from the baseline ?
climate data sets: getting the data
2. files
may need to register with the data providermay need to pay nominal fee for CD-ROMmay need to download data-set
steps
3. formatfiles may need uncompressingthe file will usually be in ASCII formatthe data may be in columns, or may be in a grid
1. metadata
may be public files describing the data-setmay be .htm .txt .pdf .doc
4. usesmall files may be used in a spreadsheetlarge files will need Unix programming skills
climate data sets: the end
two perspectives:
A. What varieties of data are available?
B. What data helps you to identify...
finally: How do you get the data to meet your need?
1. reconstructions
2. observations
3. model outputs
1. ... the baseline climate ?
2. ... variations from the baseline ?
climate data sets: guided discussion
All questions and comments are welcome!
Some suggestions for your individual responses:(a) What environmental or socio-economic features interest you?(b) To which climatic elements might these features be sensitive?
(e) For what period do you have data for your feature of interest?
(c) What is the baseline climate for those elements?
variable? (e.g. temperature) time scale? (e.g. winter) spatial scale? (e.g. country)
(d) How have those elements varied from the baseline in the past?
(f) How did those elements vary during that period?
