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Climate change in the print media: aClimate change in the print media: a comparative perspective
Presentation for the workshopPresentation for the workshopExploring Regional Climate Services: meeting stakeholder needs
for practical climate informationNovember 21-23 2011 University of VictoriaNovember 21-23, 2011, University of Victoria
Reiner GrundmannSociology and Public PolicySociology and Public Policy
School of Languages and Social SciencesAston University
Overview
Own previous researchClimate services UKPilot study, UK
Comparison of the discursive characteristics of climate changeof climate changeof renewable energyin national and local /regional press
SummarySummary
Previous research about climate and energy
Corpus linguistics methodologyquantitative/ qualitativeinductive/ deductiveinductive/ deductive
Climate change in the printing pressDE, US (Grundmann 2007)FR DE UK US (Grundmann & Krishnamurthy 2010)FR, DE, UK, US (Grundmann & Krishnamurthy 2010)FR, DE, UK, US (Grundmann & Scott, forthcoming)
Energy security in the Global South and NorthFR DE UK US BR CN IN ZA (Grundmann Scott andFR, DE, UK, US, BR, CN, IN, ZA (Grundmann, Scott and Wang, forthcoming)
Climate change in the mediag
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Grundmann and Scott (forthcoming)
Climate services UK
Delivered mainly through MET officeMain aim to deliver trustworthy predictionsinterpret those predictions in terms of the risks of hazardous weather and climate extremesProvide products and advice to help society plan for and adapt to climate variability and climate change in a timely fashion
Renewable energyAdaptation
Pilot study, UKy,
Methods:Print newspaper analysis based onPrint newspaper analysis based on Nexis UK full text data
national and local pressCreation of two corpora for eachCreation of two corpora for each, based on search terms
‘climate change’‘biomass’, ‘solar energy’, and ‘wind power’
Corpus linguistics analysis p g y(WordSmith software)word frequencies, word clusters, collocations (key words)collocations (key words)
More people read local papers compared to the national press:
“Th 1200 i l d l l“There are 1200 regional and local newspapers and 1400 associated websites in the UK. The local press is the UK’s most popular print medium, read by 38 million people a week” (http://www.newspapersoc.org.uk/)ca. 8m circulation of 10 national papers, 19m p p ,readers ca. 20m readers of 14 Sunday papers (National Readership Survey)Readership Survey)
Climate Change in national and regionalClimate Change in national and regional press
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1 7 1 7 1 7 1 7 1 7 1 7 1 7 1 7 1 7 1 7 1 7
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Articles on renewable energyNational Press Regional/ local press
Biomass 3,277 12,543
Solar 8,536 22,704
Wind 24,388 47,627
UK national newspapers, 2000-2010
3 0040004500
2000250030003500 Biomass Solar Wind
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0500
Times
ardian
egraph
Times
endent
xpres
sly
Mailhe Sun
Mirror
serve
reg
raphxp
ress
g Star
Sunday
Sunday
lyStar
The Ti
The Gua
r
The Dail
y Tele
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The Sun
day T
The Inde
pen
The Exp
Daily
The The M
The Obs
e
he Sun
day T
eleg
Sunda
y Exp
Morning
depe
ndent
on Su
Mail on
SuDail
y
T
The
The Inde
Regional press on wind energy, 2000-2010The Journal (Newcastle UK)
Western Morning News (Plymouth)
H ll D il M ilNorth Devon Journal
The Western MailScunthorpe Evening Telegraph
Aberdeen Press and JournalDaily Post (Liverpool)
The Herald (Glasgow)The Scotsman
South Wales Evening PostThe Journal (Newcastle, UK)
Evening GazetteEastern Daily Press
The Evening Standard (London)Cornish GuardianLincolnshire Echo
Nottingham Evening PostThe Sentinel (Stoke)
Leicester MercuryHull Daily Mail
Derby Evening TelegraphDaily Record
Evening Chronicle (Newcastle, UK)Yorkshire Post
The Irish TimesWestern Daily Press
The Northern EchoCarmarthen Journal
Birmingham PostEvening Gazette
Evening Times (Glasgow)Western Gazette series
Evening News (Edinburgh)Belfast Telegraph
Gloucestershire EchoBristol Evening Post
The Gloucester CitizenGrimsby Evening Telegraph
Derby Evening Telegraph
Liverpool Daily EchoBirmingham Evening Mail
Huddersfield Daily ExaminerHerald Express (Torquay)
Manchester Evening NewsEvening Herald (Plymouth)Express and Echo (Exeter)
Scotland on SundayThe West Briton
g ( g )
Wind: number of articles Circulation in 2010 /100
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
Essex ChronicleThe Star (Sheffield)Mid Devon Gazette
Belfast News Letter (NorthernThe Sunday Herald
Liverpool Daily Echo
UK press, Concordances on RENEWABLE
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UK regional press
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4000
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4000Concordances on WIND UK regional press
Concordances on WIND UK national press
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2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Attention in national press precedes attention in regional press
W d Cl tWord ClustersClimate Change
Climate change corpusg pTop 20 clusters, UK national press
INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGETHE INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON
THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Top 20 clusters, UK regional pressTHE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGETHE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGEINTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGETHE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
OF ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGEDEPARTMENT OF ENERGY AND
ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE SECRETARYPANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE IPCC
THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGETHE FIGHT AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGEOF ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGEDEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ANDTHE INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ONTHE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGYTHE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGETHE ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE
THE FIGHT AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGEFOR ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE
THE THREAT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGYFOR ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGETHE THREAT OF CLIMATE CHANGETHE ISSUE OF CLIMATE CHANGETHE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGETO TACKLE CLIMATE CHANGE ANDTHE THREAT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
OF THE INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANELTHE UN'S INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANELUN'S INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON
THE SCIENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGETHE ISSUE OF CLIMATE CHANGE
TO TACKLE CLIMATE CHANGE ANDIN THE FIGHT AGAINSTISSUES SUCH AS CLIMATE CHANGEAS A RESULT OFGLOBAL WARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGEENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE SECRETARY
THE ECONOMICS OF CLIMATE CHANGEISSUES SUCH AS CLIMATE CHANGE
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ONOF CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE
Renewable energy corpusTop 20 clusters, national pressOF ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGEDEPARTMENT OF ENERGY AND
gy pTop 20 clusters, regional pressOF ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGEDEPARTMENT OF ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGEDEPARTMENT OF ENERGY AND
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGEENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE SECRETARYTHE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGYTHE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ANDFOR ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGEDEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ANDTHE FIGHT AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGETHE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGYTHE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ANDTHE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGEFOR ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE
THE ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGETHE ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE SECRETARYINTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGETHE FIGHT AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGETHE INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON
THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGEFOR ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGEIN THE FIGHT AGAINSTIN THE FIGHT AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGETHE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGETHE ISSUE OF CLIMATE CHANGETHE INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON
ED MILIBAND THE ENERGYTHE INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGEMILIBAND THE ENERGY ANDMILIBAND THE ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGEED MILIBAND THE ENERGY AND
THE ISSUE OF CLIMATE CHANGETO TACKLE CLIMATE CHANGE ANDENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE SECRETARYTHE THREAT OF CLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGE SECRETARY ED MILIBANDDEPARTMENT FOR ENERGY ANDED MILIBAND THE ENERGY AND
DEPARTMENT FOR ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGEDEPARTMENT FOR ENERGY ANDENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE SAID
DEPARTMENT FOR ENERGY ANDDEPARTMENT FOR ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGETHE BATTLE AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGEINTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Word frequencies, renewablesNational Regionalenergy 84 568 energy 143 725
wind 67 886 wind 133 600
power 63 972 power 86 135
electricity 32 039 turbines 67 216
green 26 569 People 53 891
solar 25 564 Renewable 50 058
nuclear 24 879 Electricity 45 089
Britain 24 737 Solar 42 002
R bl 23 494 G 39 632Renewable 23 494 Green 39 632
Turbines 23 020 UK 38 550
UK 23 008 Local 37 141
Carbon 22 632 Farm 36 974Carbon 22 632 Farm 36 974
People 22 068 Planning 35 684
Government 18 817 Development 34 192
Change 18 387 Site 32 106g
Emissions 17 957 Project 31 998
first 17 707 Turbine 31 851
oil 17 213 Plans 31 722
Collocations ‘renewable’Collocations, renewableNational Regional
ENERGY 18 024 ENERGY 44 370
RENEWABLES 10 102 RENEWABLES 15 325
SOURCES 5 180 SOURCES 7 795
FROM 4 281 FROM 6455
ELECTRICITY 2 002 ELECTRICITY 3 226
POWER 1 947 POWER 2 531
WIND 1 588 WIND 2393WIND 1 588 WIND 2393
PROJECTS 812 TECHNOLOGIES 2 052
TARGETS 759 TARGETS 1 816
GOVERNMENT 690 PROJECTS 1 650GOVERNMENT 690 PROJECTS 1 650
OBLIGATION 679 SYSTEMS 1 417
TECHNOLOGIES 666 GENERATION 1 384
ELECTRICITY 628 TECHNOLOGY 1 364
GENERATION 621 MORE 1 279
2010 619 NPOWER 1 191
Aberdeen Press and Journal
UK windfarms
Top regional papers
The Daily Record
The Scotsman
The Journal (Newcastle, UK)
The Herald (Glasgow)
Daily Post (Liverpool)
The Sentinel (Stoke)
The Northern Echo
Yorkshire Post
The Sentinel (Stoke)
Birmingham Post
Western Daily Press
Scunthorpe Evening Telegraph
Hull Daily Mail
The Western Mail
Carmarthen Journal
S th W l E i
Lincolnshire Echo
Nottingham Evening Post
Eastern Daily PressSouth Wales Evening
Post
North Devon Journal
Cornish Guardian
Leicester Mercury
Evening Gazette
Western Morning News (Plymouth)
The Evening Standard (London)
Word clustersRenewable energy
David J.C. MacKay, Sustainable Energy - without the hot air (2008)‘Plan M’Plan M
Word clusters and salient words in renewable corpus
National press: British Gas and NpowerChief Executive of RWE NpowerChief Executive of RWE NpowerBacking from the GovernmentNpower £2.2 billion Gwynt y MorFinancial backing from the gGovernmentSalient words:
Brown, strategy, renewable targets, EUEU
Regional press: RWE Npower renewables saidNpower renewables wants to buildDevelopment manager saidDevelopment manager saidSalient words:
planning, permission, submitted, development, erect, scheme.
‘Windfarm’ in national and regional pressg p
650 concordances of ‘windfarm’ in national press Top clusters:
opposition to wind farms growing opposition to onshoreopposition to wind farms, growing opposition to onshore windfarms, but also opposition to nuclear power.
1685 concordances in regional press Top clusters:
opposition to, District Opposition To Onshore Turbines; referring to Elsham District Opposition to Onshore Turbines (EDOOT). EDOOT does not get a single mention in the national pressEDOOT does not get a single mention in the national press.
Issues raised by readers of yregional papers
Unique beauty of the scenery Economic significance of the tourist industry Costs -- Rebuke of economic arguments made by the Wind Energy AssociationTechnical issues about the complexity of theTechnical issues about the complexity of the national grid and its load management NoiseBirds and wildlifeSafety (flight paths and ice shedding)
SummaryyLocal and Regional press plays an important roleDifferences in timing and emphasisDifferences in timing and emphasis
national papers usually lead and report on governmentregional papers show higher levels of
ti b t f t ‘ th d’reporting, but on facts ‘on the ground’ DisconnectEd Miliband, former Energy Secretary described opposition to wind farms as “socially pp yunacceptable … like not wearing your seatbelt or driving past a zebra crossing”Public resistance has many sources
economiceconomicenvironmentalistaestheticsafety
inoise
Lessons
Specific characteristics of UKSpecific characteristics of UK discourseEmbedded in political culture
centralized, hierarchical political systemtop down policy implementationtop down policy implementationExamples:
climate servicesbl j trenewable energy projects
