CLever: Building Cognitive Levers to help people help themselves Center for LifeLong Learning & Design University of Colorado at Boulder MAPS - LifeLine

CLever: Building Cognitive LeversCLever: Building Cognitive Levers to help people help themselves

Center for LifeLong Learning & DesignCenter for LifeLong Learning & Design

University of Colorado at Boulder

MAPS - LifeLine(Distributed Support System)

Stefan Carmien11/4/2003

L3D




Challenge -

• Individuals with cognitive disabilities are often unable to live on their own because of deficiencies in memory, attention, and executive functionalities.

• Computationally enhanced prompting systems can provide a bridge to independence.

•Unacceptably high abandonment rate (50% - 70%) of expensive (~.5-4 K$) Assistive Technology (AT)

• Difficult (re) configuration contributes to abandonment




Research Objectives• Lower abandonment

– Dual user interface design• Provide safety net functionality

– Panic button– Caregiver monitoring

• Context aware cognitive assistance– Dynamic prompt generation – Effective error detection and correction




MAPS (Memory Aiding Prompting

System)

• Hand held prompter – to display plans

• Caregiver script editor– To create, modify and share plans

• Interface to LifeLine– Safety net/dynamic context aware prompting




Plans, Errors? What are you talking about?

• What is a plan/script?– A task of the right size broken down into small atomic

chunks– Made into a script (of visual and verbal prompts) that can

be followed• What is an error or error state ?

– A detected deviation from the plan– Sensors provide input– Boolean tests of expected states

• Example: <bus GPS and your GPS are the same and distance between correct stop and bus is getting larger >

• How do you correct a detected error?– User templates provide ‘lookup table’ written in script data

structure




MAPS Prompter

MAPS Prompter (user interface)




Caregiver Script Editor




Demo here




Conceptual Framework• User modeling

– Templates support static user modeling in configuration– Templates for error trapping/correction

• Information ecologies – Users with cognitive disabilities– Caregivers– System components

• Distributed Cognition– Dynamic prompt generation– Sensor & table driven

• Situated Action– Expect & plan for failed plans (driven by breakdowns)




Tool Design

SituatedAction

Time

EnvisionedUse

ActualContext

MetaDesign, Plans and Situated Action

ClientCaregiver

Key

Designer Caregiver

Plans

EnvisionedContext




LifeLine prototype

Andrew Gorman’s LifeLine project




Conceptual Design

Information ecology supporting caregivers and users with cognitive disabilities




Distributed Support System

• Distributed– Prompting (MAPS) is inherently distributed

cognition– Knowledge to maintain system stability is

distributed between: user/caregiver/maps/lifeline/sensors/database

• Support– Caregiver is supported by ensuring safety– User activity is supported to afford

independence and inclusion




Demo 2 here




User Modeling & Error Trapping / Correction

• Reusable rules• Templates for tasks & segments of

tasks• Error

– Trapping (how do I recognize an error for this person)

– Correction (how do I correct an error for this person)

– Embedded in script database records (schema)

• Caregiver combinatorial explosion dilemma:

(User type) X (task segment) X ( |prompts in this segment| )




MAPS – Error Detection & Correction

• Template based dynamic error detection & correction• Lifeline monitors the running script, detects error states & contacts caregiver as needed

Tom(more cognitive

resources)

Anne(less cognitive

resources)MissedBus Stop !

Tell the Bus driver

your problem

Wait on bus for

Caregiver

Aler

t Car

egiver

Summ

on

Caregive

r




Context Sensitive Prompting

• Dynamic prompting – Loop till event

• wait for your bus

– Fork • employment (if this then do this….. else do that)

• Error (trapping and correction)– Sensors– User type – Task segment




MAPS – Context Awareness and Dynamic Prompting

•Dynamic prompt generation•Blocking for event driven prompt

This is not your bus

Wait here for

your bus

Here is your bus,

get on it.




Meta Design• Abandonment strongly influenced by lack

of a tool to reconfigure/add content– Empowering and enabling caregivers to be

designers of scripts– Leverage existing skills

• Tool needs to provide just enough support to make script generation easy but not so much that it itself needs a configuration tool




Meta Design II• User Modeling

– User model– Task and task segment error trapping/correction

• Critiquing – Verbiage– Image attributes

• Sharing scripts – Scripts as templates– Community building

• MAPS odd twist on MetaDesign – Phased/tiered metadesign




Shifting gears now….




Tools for LivingTools for Learning

• Initial insight from AT world– Enabling learning – Enabling daily life

• Examples– Eyeglasses– Learning to read / use maps & schedules

• Grey areas and argument able issues– Hand calculators– Scanners/readers & dyslexia




Tools for living

• You require this tool to accomplish this task - otherwise you cannot

• The tool rarely changes or is abandoned (in the sense of ‘graduate’)

• It is specifically tailored to you • Your use of it does not typically

change over time

External, Fitting You, & Permanent




Tools for Learning

• Is your skill in the tools domain significantly greater (such that you no longer need the tool to perform meaningful work) as a result of using/experiencing this tool?

• Are you different as a result of using this tool?

• Is there a method of having this tool disappear

Internalized, Changing You, & Scaffolded




Design Implications

• What would you do to make a TfLea– Low entrance cost – Tool adapts over time (Scaffolding)

• What would you do to make a TfLiv– Use of the tool will not change over time– Need for good personalized fit at the

beginning– robust (crutches, eyeglasses)




Arguments against this idea

• Too amorphous

• Not useful (Just YetAnotherDumbAcronym)

i.e. yada yada yada

• Not really news (other ideas like this)

• What do you think?




Thanks

Documents

CLever: Building Cognitive Levers to help people help themselves Center for LifeLong Learning & Design University of Colorado at Boulder MAPS - LifeLine