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CLEAN/GREEN TECHNOLOGIESOPPORTUNITIES AND FUTURE
TiE-COD Seminar Satyam B @ NeoSilicaCOD, Madhapur, HyderabadJune 26, 2009
Satyam B @ NeoSilica
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Why Green/Clean?
Areas of Opportunities
Government Initiatives
University Programs
Few Good Ideas
Satyam B @ NeoSilica
OVERVIEW Clean technology includes:
Renewable Energy (wind, solar, biomas, hydro, biofuels) Information Technology used to assist different implementations Green Transportation Green/Electric Motors Green Chemistry Efficient Appliances Green Buildings Environmental finance (carbon credits)
Effects of not taking these initiatives: Global Warming … Impact on the Environment … Household energy bills going up steadily … Energy security …
INDIA Energy Scenario India’s Energy Capacity must increase 65% by 2012
Economic growth requires reliable electric supply Nationwide Electricity Shortfall (forecast for 2008-9)
-8.8% (of Total Availability …. -71BU) -18% (of Peak Load ……………. - 22GW)
Low Plant Load Factors (74% for thermal, some <50%)
o
Satyam B @ NeoSilica
SIX C’S DRIVING CLEANTECH
Costs the most powerful force driving today’s clean-tech growth is simple economics. As a general trend,
clean-energy costs are falling as the costs of fossil fuel energy are going up
Capital An unprecedented influx of capital is changing the Cleantech landscape, with billions of dollars,
euros, yen, and yuan pouring in from a myriad of public and private sector sources
Competition Governments are competing aggressively in the high-stakes race to dominate in the clean-tech
sector and build the jobs of the future
China and India Inexorable demands being placed on the earth by the explosive demand for resources in China,
India, and other developing nations Eexpanding energy needs are driving major growth in clean-energy, transportation, building, and
water-delivery technologies
Consumers Savvy consumers are demanding cleaner products and services that use resources efficiently, reduce
costs, and embrace quality over quantity
Climate The debate around climate change has gone from question mark to peer-reviewed certainty, and
smart businesses are taking heed
WE BORROW THE EARTH FROM OUR CHILDREN
Satyam B @ NeoSilica
GLOBAL WARMING
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Report, Nov 2007In 2090-99, relative to 1980-99
Satyam B @ NeoSilica
EFFECT OF GLOBAL WARMING
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Report, Nov 2007
Satyam B @ NeoSilica
ENERGY SECURITY
High cost of oil imports contribute to balance of payments leading to trade deficit
Oil/energy subsidies are a major source of trade deficit Meet fast raising demand for oil/energy Oligopoly or monopoly of suppliers can lead to economic and political
instability Remember 1973 Oil Embargo
Oil price went up four times to $12/barrel Japan’s Solution – renewable energy, mass rapid transit, energy
conservation; and produced fuel-efficient cars During the embargo in 1973, US – rationed gasoline, imposed speed limits,
fuel efficiency (27.5mpg compared to 8mpg) on auto manufacturers, eventually declared ‘Energy Independence Act’
Brazil started Proálcool (Pro-alcohol) project to produce ethanol from sugar cane (>50% of gasoline sales in 2008)
Satyam B @ NeoSilica
RAISING ENERGY RATES FOR CONSUMERS Household energy bills going up steadily (UK example)
£ 580 5 years ago to £1,250 today To £5,000 in 10 years (42% yearly increase)
Why are energy bills going up? Rate caps are coming off Energy usage is increasing dramatically, outpacing the supply
World Energy need up by 50% by 2030Of which – 20% India (25% China)
Utilities are investing heavily into Smartgrid activities Utilities are trying to cover “peak demand” losses
Utilities pay 2-3 times typical PPA price during peak demand Increasing costs for energy generation
More Off-shore Exploration Higher Processing Costs for Efficiency and Sustainability Compliance Higher Generation Costs of Renewables
Higher Costs of Transmission and Distribution
Satyam B @ NeoSilica
GREENHOUSE GASES (GHG) Greenhouse Gases
Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, and chlorofluorocarbons
Major source of GHG (man made) Burning fossil fuels for power generation India uses Coal for 60% of generation Deforestation CFC /HFC emanating from AC, Refrigerator ,
pesticides Pollution – Industrial, Automobiles in Urban
Count in the Atmosphere 3.64 trillion tons – present count in the
atmosphere 2 billion tons adding every month
Live Count on www.know-the-number.com Also on a 70-foot giant billboard at Madison
Square Garden, New York City For maximum public exposure and awareness Sponsored by Deutsch Bank, and carbon
credits)
Satyam B @ NeoSilica
ENERGY DISTRIBUTION IN US (%)
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Satyam B @ NeoSilica
* AREAS OF OPPORTUNITIES
Sustainability
Smart Grid
Investments in Nordic Countries
Green IT
Green Datacenter
Renewable Energy
Green Buildings
Green Transport
Good Ideas and Companies
Green Vehicles
Government Initiatives in India and across Globe
Satyam B @ NeoSilica
SUSTAINABILITY IN ORGANIZATIONSStrategy for Organizations Hire Sustainability Officers and staff a Sustainability group Define Sustainability Goals and Spread Awareness Report – Economic, Social and Environmental – Parameters Focus on Heat Rate, Energy Use, CO2 kg/mWh Focus on Renewable Energy Produced/Used (%) Focus on Zero Waste Programs
Opportunities for Entrepreneurs Need systems and devices to monitor and provide dashboards for
sustainability officers and management Also educate staff, partners and suppliers to meet sustainability goals These systems need to integrate with local and industry policies,
dynamically, for maximum awareness of conservation opportunities
Satyam B @ NeoSilica
WHAT IS SMARTGRID? Self-healing
Ability to detect, analyze, respond and restore To deliver reliable and high quality energy
Empowers and Incorporates Consumer Reliable energy supply at affordable costs Ability to install energy efficient devices and practices
Tolerant of Attack Mitigates and resilient to physical and cyber attacks
Provides power quality (for 21st Century) Meet consumer and industry demands
Accommodate wide range of supply and demand Demand Response (peak curtailment), Renewables, Energy Storage, Demand-side Efficiency Ability for time-of-use pricing and incentives
Fully enables and is supported by competitive electricity markets
Bringing in newer technologies such as – power electronics control, distributed generation **, electric energy storage, wireless power distribution, integrated communications, sensors, advanced building systems, efficient appliances and devices
Ability to add additional services such as Fire monitoring and alarms, emergency services using the Smart Grid infrastructure
Satyam B @ NeoSilica
SMARTGRID ECOSYSTEMStages of evolution of Smartgrid technologies/services:Research->Prototypes->Engineering Pilots->Commercial Pilots->Commercialization
Advanced Metering (Smart Meters, AMR/AMI, Prepaid)
T&D Sensors to monitor Substations
Home Area Networks (wireless/wired), connecting devices sensors for monitoring and control
Distribution Protection Adaptive for Distributed Generation
Building Energy Management Systems with Integration
Circuit and Substation Energy Storage
Centralized Renewable Generation along with Flexible AC Transmission and Storage
High Temperature Superconducting Cables
Integration of Behind the Meter Systems
Market Integration of Distributed Renewable Generation
PHEV/EV Integration
Six-sigma Integrated Smart Micro-Grids
Smart Asset Management (GPS-based asset monitoring, fault management and tracking)
Satyam B @ NeoSilica
CLEANTECH COMPANIES IN NORDIC COUNTRIES
Number of Companies (seed stage to commercial)
37.. Energy Generation(biomass, medium-to-high waves, solar, wind)
6 …. Energy Storage(to accompany renewable sources and electric vehicles)
8 …. Energy Infrastructure – 8 Energy Efficiency – 35
(sensors and systems for monitoring and controls in Industrial/Commercial) 5 …. Transportation and Logistics 15 .. Water Purification and Wastewater Recycling 10 .. Air and Environment 11 .. Advanced Materials 5 …. Manufacturing and Industrial 4 …. Agriculture 9 …. Water and Recycling
Satyam B @ NeoSilica
GREEN ITFastest growing segment – recent in Gartner’s Hype Cycles
As per Green IT survey conducted by Symantec, green IT reached critical mass
Surveyed 1000 medium to large companies using IT (>$100m annual IT budget).
Companies are paying 20-25% on electrical costs
Reason – cut costs by reducing energy and cooling costs, and reduce carbon emissions
90% say green IT initiatives are important
70% will pay 10% for energy efficient production, 40% will pay 20% more
Typical Green IT initiatives (not totally new though)
Implement a Corporate Social Responsibility/Sustainability function
Monitor and Benchmark your Company's Carbon footprint
Monitor and Benchmark Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) at Data Center Increase Virtualization, ASP, SaaS initiatives
Ensure that IT and Business work together on green initiatives
Reduce Travel (Telepresence, Webex, corporate Facebook)
Consider the whole product life cycle when upgrading
Work with suppliers to improve your IT carbon footprint
Satyam B @ NeoSilica
GREEN DATACENTERMajor players: IBM Tivoli, HP OpenView, CA Unicenter
Monitor and manage direct and indirect power consumption Metric collection, analytics, thresholding and events
Time-averaged power and thermal data, related to CPU utilization Manage with awareness of SLAs, and business priorities and policies Set up thresholds and create events for energy management
Visualization and reporting Use analytics data to draw visual graphs, charts and detailed reports – for deeper
understanding, peripheral visibility, and forecasting Help set up policies for automation and potential manual intervention as required
Asset management and spatial awareness Track assets, IT and related to IT (generators and pumps, HVAC, etc.) Track with spatial information for better understanding of cooling and thereby
energy requirements
Use the consolidated data that is presented in useful reports to create policies to: Reallocate workloads as per business and energy efficiency Identify inefficient and nonperforming assets
Satyam B @ NeoSilica
GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES - GLOBALLY
In US, Obama’s Stimulus Package includes: $70b for clean energy investments $20b as tax incentives for renewable energy ONE million new jobs
US targets 25% of total energy from renewable sources by 2025 World’s first "carbon budget“ presented by Alistair Darling in UK
Reduce GHG emissions to 34pc of 1990 levels by 2020
Japan, China and Korea are coming together to start a major green initiative – fighting for green technology leadership The Republic of Korea will invest $38 billion over 4 years in eco-friendly projects
creating 960,000 new jobs The 36 projects include the creation of green transport networks, the provision of
two million energy-saving homes and the clean-up of the country’s four main rivers
Taiwan declared adding 6.5-10GW of renewable energy in 20 years
Satyam B @ NeoSilica
R-APDRP INDIA – PROGRAMS AND FUNDS51,177 crores Approved Budget in XI 5-Year Plan Focus of the program shall be on actual, demonstrable performance in terms of sustained loss reduction.
Establishment of reliable and automated systems for sustained collection of accurate base line data, and the adoption of Information Technology in the areas of energy accounting
Part A with 10,000 crores Preparation of Base-line data for the project area covering Consumer Indexing, GIS Mapping, Metering of
Distribution Transformers and Feeders, and Automatic Data Logging for all Distribution Transformers and Feeders and SCADA / DMS system (only in the project area having more than 4 lacs population and annual input energy of the order of 350 MU). It would include Asset Mapping of the entire distribution network at and below the 11Kv transformers and include the Distribution Transformers and Feeders, Low Tension lines, poles and other distribution network equipment. It will also include adoption of IT applications for meter reading, billing & collection; energy accounting & auditing; MIS; redressal of consumer grievances; establishment of IT enabled consumer service centers etc. The base line data and required system shall be verified by an independent agency appointed by the Ministry of Power.
Part B with 40,000 crores Renovation, modernization and strengthening of 11 kV level Substations, Transformers/Transformer Centers, Re-
conductoring of lines at 11kv level and below, Load Bifurcation, feeder separation, Load Balancing, HVDS (11kv), Aerial Bunched Conductoring in dense areas, replacement of electromagnetic energy meters with tamper proof electronics meters, installation of capacitor banks and mobile service centers etc. In exceptional cases, where sub-transmission system is weak, strengthening at 33 kV or 66 kV levels may also be considered.
Part C with 1,177 crores Preparation of a template for System Requirement Specifications , Validation of the Base-line Data System,
Project Advisors and Project Management Consultants , Project Evaluation by Third Party, Capacity Building and development of franchisees in Distribution Sector, Consumer Attitude Survey, Pilots of new Innovations
Satyam B @ NeoSilica
RENEWABLE ENERGYMajor Solar Project – DESERTEC
20 German companies launching a $550B USD solar project and transmission grid in North Africa this year to supply 15% of electric power for entire Europe in 10 years
Wind Energy Generation will increase from 121GW in 2008 to 318 in 2013
Biofuel Global biofuel (biodiesel and ethanol) market to reach $247b by 2020 (from 74b in
2010) Three key waves of next generation biodiesel
Fuels based on waste greases by 2010 Jatropha-based fuels by 2014 (widely available in Latin America) Algae-based biodiesel in 2016
Ref: Pike Research Report, June 2009
Shell started mixing advanced biofuel from wheat straw from June 09 India has high potential to use agri-waste (sugar/rice mills, plantations) for
fuel/energy (co-gen in sugar mills)
Satyam B @ NeoSilica
GREEN BUILDINGSUSGBC (US Green Building Council) LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environment Design) 2009 (v3)
Consensus based Certification Points for Sustainable Sites (26), Water Efficiency (10), Energy & Atmosphere (35), Materials & Resources (14) Indoor Environment Quality (15), Innovation in Design (5), Regional Priority (4)
Four levels of Certification Certified ……………. 40-49 points Silver ………………….. 50-59 points Gold …………………… 60-79 points Platinum ………….... 80 points and above
Potential of a Policy (in California) Into effect by next month requiring light reflective roofs on all new buildings – for cool surroundings.
100 sq.meter white roof/surface reduces 10 tons of CO2 (expressed in equivalent car offsets) 10 years …........ 2.4b tons/year …..... 600 million cars for 10 years 20 years …........ 1.2b tons/year …..... 300 million cars for 20 years
Or Roof over RoofTo provide Shade
In Florida
Or Indian Mud Huts
Satyam B @ NeoSilica
GREEN/ELECTRIC VEHICLES
Improve the efficiency of existing and mainstream vehicles Use alternative fuels Increase fuel efficiency Reduce pollution
Stricter emission standards
Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) getting popular
Indian Companies – Reva, Ekovehicle – competing worldwide
Other Interesting Companies Avion, Future Vehicle, Loremo (low
resistance mobiles), ZAP (Zero Air Pollution)
Competitions for innovation Automotive X Prize targets 100 MPGe $10 million prize money Mainstream and alternate streams
XR3 Hybrid trike, 225 mpg, diesel+electric (Li-ion battery)
Using DIY Design and Kit on www.rqriley.com
Satyam B @ NeoSilica
GREEN TRANSPORTATION
Hybrid Trains are in development, pilots (Japan, Czech) also in service Autorail à grande capacité in France in 2004 British Rail Class 139 in UK and River Street Car in US in 2009
Personal Rapid Transit In Masdar City, Dubai Driver-less Cars Over Electric Networks
Satyam B @ NeoSilica
SOME NEW IDEAS Transparent Electronics
Can build window panes that act as solar panels
Solar based Power for Satellites and Spaceships from PowerSat U.S. Provisional Patent No. 61/177,565 –
"SPACE-BASED POWER SYSTEMS AND METHODS. “
Power Generation from Kinetic Energy Plates in the parking lot, harnessing energy
from the customers' cars movement to generate as much as 30kW of energy (in a UK store)
Cool Idea in the Desert Umbrella collects moisture at night, in a
desert Using the same technique, a large umbrella
collects enough water to cool the rooms below and provide drinking water.
Satyam B @ NeoSilica
MIT ENERGY CLUB
Thousands joined since starting in 2003 Dorm Electricity Competition – the winner takes $10,000 worth of
energy conservation equipment Campus Energy Map Biodiesel@MIT MIT Solar Decathlon Global Competition Solar Decathlon – an international competition
Challenging college teams from around the globe Blend aesthetics and modern conveniences with maximum energy
production and optimal efficiency. Challenge to think in new ways about energy to:
Increase public awareness about renewable energy and energy efficiency Help move solar energy technologies to the marketplace faster
For more information, contact Kurt Keville at kkeville[@mit.edu]
MIT Solar Vehicle Team