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Clean Cities / 1
EAST BAY CLEAN CITIES COALITION
Ethanol OverviewRichard Battersby
Director, East Bay Clean Cities Coalition
Date
Clean Cities / 2
About Clean Cities
Mission To advance the energy, economic, and environmental security of the United States by supporting local decisions to adopt practices that reduce the use of petroleum in the transportation sector
Goal
Reduce petroleum use by 2.5 billion gallons per year by 2020
• Replacement • Reduction• Elimination
Accomplishments• Displaced nearly 3 billion gallons of petroleum since 1993• Put more than 775,000 alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) on the road• Installed more than 6,600 alternative fueling stations
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About Clean Cities
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Ethanol Basics
• Renewable fuel produced from plant materials (biomass)
• Same chemical compound in alcoholic beverages (C2H5OH)
• Comes from starchy feedstocks (corn, sugar cane, sugar beets) and cellulosic feedstocks (yard waste, grasses, poplars)
• Blended at low levels into 80% of gasoline sold in the United States
• Increasingly available as E85, for use in flex fuel vehicles
• High-octane fuel
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Basics: Blends
E10• Contains 10% ethanol, 90% gasoline
• Most common blend in U.S.
• EPA: “Substantially similar” to gasoline in all vehicles
E15• Contains 15% ethanol, 85% gasoline
• EPA: “Substantially similar” to gasoline in MY2001 and newer vehicles
E85• Contains 85% ethanol, 15% gasoline
• Alternative fuel under Energy Policy Act of 1992
• Used in flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs)
• Available in most states
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Basics: Blends
Intermediate Blends• E20, E30, E50, etc.
• Only for FFVs
Blender Pumps• Mix E10 with E85 to
create intermediate blends
• Provide flexibility for future changes in regulations
• Allow for choice, based on prices and performance
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Basics: Production
Ethanol from Starch and Sugar• Ethanol from sugar beets and sugar cane
most common in Brazil
• Corn ethanol most common in U.S.o Dry milling
o Wet milling
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Basics: Production
Cellulosic Ethanol• Uses woody, structural parts of
plants
• Crop residues, small trees, grasses
• Research under way to improve cost and efficiency
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Basics: Distribution
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Benefits
Energy Security
• More than half of U.S. petroleum is imported
• Production of one unit of corn ethanol requires 0.78 units of fossil energy
Public Health and Environment
• Corn ethanol reduces GHGs by 19% to 52%
• Cellulosic ethanol reduces GHGs by 75%
• Reduces emissions of NOx, CO, benzene, 1,3-butadiene (higher formaldehyde and acetaldehyde emissions)
Existing Infrastructure
• Only minor modifications required
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Use: Vehicles
Flexible Fuel Vehicles (FFVs)
•Qualify as alternative fuel vehicles under the Energy Policy Act of 1992
•Operate on gasoline, E85, and lower-level blends
•Comparable acceleration, payload, speed
•Single fueling system
•Lower fuel economy on ethanol
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Use: Fueling Options
Existing E85 Stations• Ask about fleet discounts
• Communicate potential E85 demand
Converting Existing Equipment to E85
• Newer equipment, clean and in good condition
• Use a contractor that knows state and local rules
Installing New E85 Equipment • Research local regulations
• Use UL E85 listed equipment
• Hire a professional with E85 experience
• Contact the state energy office, industry associations, Clean Cities
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For More Information
Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center (AFDC)www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/fuels/ethanol.html
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For More Information
•C
Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center (AFDC)
Clean Cities
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For More Information
Clean Citieswww.cleancities.energy.gov
Alternative Fuels & Advanced Vehicles Data Center (AFDC)www.afdc.energy.gov
Clean Cities Coordinator Contact Information and Coalitionwww.afdc.energy.gov/cleancities/progs/coordinators.php
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For More Information