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Clauses, Phrases & Sentence Types English 10 Academic Mrs. Llanos. Sentence Types. Phrases. Clauses. Independent. Fragments. Simple. Compound. D ependent. Fused. Dependent Clauses in Complex Sentences. Complex. Compound-Complex. Independent & Dependent (Subordinate) Clauses. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Clauses, Phrases & Sentence TypesEnglish 10 Academic
Mrs. Llanos
Phrases
Clauses
Sentence
TypesIndependent
Dependent
Fragments
Fused
Simple
Compound
ComplexCompound-Complex
Dependent Clauses in Complex
Sentences
Independent & Dependent (Subordinate) Clauses
Expresses a complete thought and can stand
alone as a complete sentence
Does not express a complete thought and
cannot stand alone as a sentence
a group of words that contains a subject and a verb
Expresses a complete thought and can stand
alone as a complete sentence
Does not express a complete thought and
cannot stand alone as a sentence
Independent & Subordinate Clauses
Practice: Identify the italicized words as independent or subordinate clauses.
1. Before you sign up for a vacation trip, read the fine print.
2. Most tour companies are responsible operators.
3. However, travelers must agree to their terms and conditions.
4. Whenever you see the word “liability,” read the text carefully.
5. Pay attention to the details as you read.
Practice: Identify the italicized words as independent or subordinate clauses.
6. Tour companies hire outside services, but they aren’t responsible for mishaps with those services.
7. If the airline loses your luggage, the tour company isn’t accountable.
8. When there’s no heat in the mountain lodge, the tour guide can only sympathize.
9. In fact, he or she will probably complain as much as you will.
10.Of course, no one is responsible if Mother Nature rains on your vacation.
Simple & Compound Sentences
1. Simple Sentence = one independent clause
Ex: The cow jumps over the moon.
2. Compound Sentence = two or more independent clauses joined by conjunction(s)
- Independent clauses may be joined by a semicolon (used alone or with a transition).
Ex: The cow jumps over the moon, and the fork ran away with
the spoon.
Subject + Verb + Complete Thought
Conjunctions = connectors
Simple & Compound Sentences
Simple & Compound Sentences
Simple & Compound Sentences
Simple & Compound Sentences
part of a sentence has been left out
A fragment doesn’t convey a complete thought.
Sentence Fragments
My little sister has a dance recital tonight.Missing Subject
My mother sat up all night sewing her costume.
My sister will dance the part of the leading ladybug.
She is scheduled to perform at the end of the recital.
I feel I ought to go, since she goes to all my soccer games.OR
Since She goes to all my soccer games.
Missing Verb
Missing Helping Verb
Missing Subject & Verb
Subordinate Clause
Sentence Fragments
In 1865 Western Union needed a telegraph cable. To link
America to Europe. Before they could lay the cable across
Siberia. Someone needed to survey the land. The task of
surveying to George Kennan, an accomplished telegrapher.
went
Sentence Fragments
two or more sentences have been run together without adequate punctuation
It doesn’t show clearly where one idea begins and another ends.
Fused Sentences
In 1972, a company called Atari created the first
video game. It was called Pong.
Missing End Mark
Comma Splice (Two complete thoughts are separated only by a comma.)
By modern standards it was a very simple game, but it quickly
achieved great popularity.
By modern standards it was a very simple game; it quickly achieved great popularity.
By modern standards it was a very simple game. It quickly achieved great popularity.
Fused (Run-On) Sentences
Kennan was not a linguist, he thought
Russian was impossible to learn.
Fused (Run-On) Sentences
Fused (Run-On) Sentences
Fused (Run-On) Sentences
Fused (Run-On) Sentences
Fused (Run-On) Sentences
Complex SentencesComplex Sentence = one independent clause + 1 or more
dependent clauses
Ex: While Mary cooks dinner, she watches the evening news.
Subject + Verb + Complete Thought
Complex Sentences
Complex Sentences
Dependent Clauses in Complex Sentences
although what(ever) where(ver)
before that because
when(ever) which(ever) during
if (even) though who(m)(ever)
while after since
Dependent Clauses in Complex Sentences
Dependent Clauses in Complex Sentences
Dependent Clauses in Complex Sentences
Compound-Complex Sentences
Compound-Complex Sentence = 2 independent clauses joined
by a conjunction + 1 or more dependent clause(s)
Ex: I read Frankenstein, which Mary Shelley wrote, and I
reported on it.
Subject + Verb + Complete Thought
Compound-Complex Sentences
Compound-Complex Sentences
Sentence Type Review
Sentence Type Review