Classification Review

A. How are living things classified?1. Biologists use Taxonomy- science of

classifying and giving a scientific name to organisms.

a. Binomial nomenclature- two word naming system. Each species name has two parts: Genus name and Species name, usually based on Latin or Greek; ex- dogs belong to species Canis familiaris .

B. Who started all this?• Carolus Linnaeus- Swedish botanist, 18th

Century, developed two name system.

1. Before Linnaeus there was no order to taxonomy.

2. Linnaeus’s system had 7 levels of organization, each level called a taxon (taxa-pl.)

3. Linnaeus’s placed all living things in to one of two Kingdoms- Animalia or Plantae

4. Today we have 6 kingdoms

Linnaeus’s System of Classification

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

King

Phillip

Came

Over

For

Great

Spaghetti

Scientific Name=

Genus and Species

Ex: Homo sapien

Rules:

1. Genus is always capitalized and species is always lower case.

2. Both are always italicized or underlined

Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda

Red fox Abert squirrel

Coral snake

Sea star

KINGDOM Animalia

PHYLUM Chordata

CLASS Mammalia

ORDER Carnivora

FAMILY Ursidae

GENUS Ursus

SPECIES Ursus arctos

Section 18-1

Classification of Ursus arctos

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Species name is most specific!

Dichotomous key• Series of questions that can be answered in only

one or two ways. • Once you complete the question series you will

be able to identify your organisms.• Question are very specific and based on

physical appearances

DOMAIN

KINGDOM

CELL TYPE

CELL STRUCTURES

NUMBER OF CELLS

MODE OF NUTRITION

EXAMPLES

Bacteria

Eubacteria

Prokaryote

Cell wallsNo nucleusCilia, flagella

Unicellular

Autotroph/ heterotroph

Strep., E- coli

Archaea

Archaebacteria

Prokaryote

Cell wallsNo nucleusCilia, flagella

Unicellular

Autotroph or heterotroph

X-tremophiles

Protista

Eukaryote

Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplastscilia, flagella

Most unicellular; some multicellular

Autotroph or heterotroph

Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp

Fungi

Eukaryote

Cell walls of chitin

Most multicellular; some unicellular

Heterotroph

Mushrooms, yeasts

Plantae

Eukaryote

Cell walls of cellulose; chloroplasts

Multicellular

Autotroph

Mosses, ferns, flowering plants

Animalia

Eukaryote

No cell walls or chloroplasts

Multicellular

Heterotroph

Sponges, worms, insects, fishes, mammals

Eukarya

Classification of Living Things

Section 18-3

Figure 18-12 Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains

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E. Kingdom Archaebacteria

• Only recently recognized as a separate bacteria kingdom

• Live in very extreme environments

• Have a cell wall and some use flagella for movement

• Unicellular – single celled• Prokaryote – simple cell

with no nucleus• Reproduce asexually• Can be helpful & harmful

F. Kingdom Eubacteria

• Largest of the two bacteria kingdoms & can live almost anywhere

• Have cell walls and some use flagella for movement

• Unicellular – single celled• Prokaryote – simple cell

with no nucleus• Reproduce Asexually• Can be helpful & harmful

G. Kingdom Protista

• Eukaryote – complex cell with a nucleus

• Most reproduce asexually, some sexually

• Very diverse kingdom• Can be autotrophs

(producers) or heterotrophs (consumers)

• Can be unicellular or multicellular

• Examples: Algae, Amoeba, Diatoms, Euglena

H. Kingdom Fungi

• Eukaryote – complex cell with a nucleus

• Multicellular (except yeast)

• Can reproduce asexually with spores or sexually

• Heterotrophs (consumers) – they eat!

• Important decomposers• Examples: Mushrooms,

mold, lichens

I. Kingdom Plantae

• Eukaryote – complex cell with a nucleus

• Multicellular• Autotrophs (producers) –

they carry out photosynthesis

• Reproduce sexually with pollen or asexually

• Cell wall made of cellulose

J. Kingdom Animalia

• Hey! That’s You!• Eukaryote – complex

cell with a nucleus• Multicellular• Heterotrophs

(consumers)• Reproduce sexually• Examples: insects,

fish, humans