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Classification of Roads in India
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CLASSIFICATION
OF ROADS
CLASSIFICATION
OF ROADS
v. venkata narayanav. venkata narayana
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CLASSIFICATION ?
For the purpose of 1. Transport planning,
2. Functional Identification,
3. Earmarking Administrative Jurisdiction and
4. Assigning priorities.
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CLASSIFICATION
The Roads classified in to THREE classes1. Primary System ::
a) Expressways.
b) National Highways (NH).
2. Secondary System ::a) State Highways (SH).
b) Major District Roads (MDR).
3. Tertiary system or Rural Roads::a) Other District Roads (ODR).
b) Village Roads (VR).
(1)EXPRESSWAYS
An expressway is a divided highway forhigh-speed traffic with at least, partial control ofaccess.
Have superior facilities and design standards.
These may be NH of SH.
Ex:: ORR in Hyderabad ( 158 km )
Mumbai- Pune Expressway (93 km)
Total Length in India = 3180 km
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Mumbai- Pune Express Highway
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(ii) National Highways (NH)
Main Highways running through thelength and breadth of country.
Connects major ports, foreign highways,State capitals, large industrial and touristcenters.
Total length of NH = 70548 Km
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NH in INDIA
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(iii) State Highways (SH)
Arterial routs of a State linking DistrictHead Quarters and important cities withinthe state.
Connects National Highways orhighways of neighboring states.
Total length of SH = 1,31,899 km
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(iv) Major District Roads (MDR)
Important roads within a districtserving areas of production and markets.
Connects some other MDR or withNational Highways.
Total Length of MDR = 4,67,763
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(v) Other District Roads (ODR
Serves rural areas of production.
Connects to market centers, taluka head quarters,block development head quarters or other main roads.
(vi) Village Roads (VR)
Roads connecting villages or groups of villages with each other and to the nearest road of higher category
Total length of ODR and VR ( Rural Roads) = 26,50,000
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NH
SH
MDR
ODR
/VR
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GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF ROADS
1. RURAL(NON-URBAN) HIGHWAYS,
2. URBAN ROADS IN PLAINS.
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i. Arterial Roads,
ii. Sub-arterial Roads,
iii. Collector Roads,
iv. Local Street.
2) LASSIFICATION OF URBAN ROADS IN PLAINS
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(a) Arterial.
A street primarily for through traffic, usuallyon a continuous route.
These should be coordinated with existingand proposed expressway systems.
These are divided highways with full orpartial access.
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(b) Sub-arterial
A street primarily for through traffic,usually on a continuous route but offeringsome what lower level of traffic mobilitythan the arterial
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(c) Collector Street
A street for collecting and distributing trafficfrom and to local streets and also for providing
access to arterial streets.
(d) Local Street
A street primarily for access to residence,business or other abutting property.
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1
2
4
3
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Elements of roads
1. Carriageway,
2. Roadway,
3. Design Speed,
4. Road Land,
5. Building Lines,
6. Control Lines,
7. Design traffic,
8. Pavement camber
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TERRAIN CLASSIFICATION
Terrain is classified by the generalSLOPE of the country across HighwayAlignment.
Geometric Design of a highway isinfluenced significantly by terraincondition.
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TERRAIN CLASSIFICATION
S.No Terrain ClassificationPer cent cross
slope of the country
1 Plain 0 - 10
2 Rolling 10-25
3 Mountainous 25-60
4 Steep Greater than 60
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TERRAIN CLASSIFICATION
m6
m5.2
m1
0
TerrainRollong _
TerrainPlain_
TerrainsMountainou _
TerrainSteep _
10.0 m
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CARRIAGEWAY
S.No Type of carriagewayWidth of carriageway
(m)
1 Single lane 3.75
2 Two-lanes without raised kerbs 7.00
3 Two-lanes with raised kerbs 7.50
4 Multi-lane pavements,
Width per lane.
3.5
carriageway
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ROADWAY
Roadway width is the sum total ofcarriageway width and shoulder width on eitherside.
shoulder carriageway shoulder
ROADWAY
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WIDTH OF ROADWAY FOR SINGLE-LANE AND TWO-LANE ROADS IN PLAIN AND ROLLING TERRAIN
S.No Road ClassificationRoadway width
(meters)
1 National Highways
( Single or two lanes)12.0
2 State Highways
( Single or two lanes)12.0
4 Other Dist. Roads – (i) single Lane
(ii) two Lanes
7.5
9.0
3 Major Dist. Roads
( Single or two lanes)9.0
5 National Highways
( Single lane)7.5
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WIDTH OF ROADWAY FOR SINGLE-LANE AND TWO-LANE ROADS IN MOUNTAINOUS AND STEEP TERRAIN
S.No Road ClassificationRoadway width
(meters)
1 National Highways (i) single lane
(ii) two lanes
6.25
8.80
2 State Highways (i) single lane
(ii) two lanes
6.25
8.80
4 Other Dist. Roads
(Single lane )4.75
3 Major Dist. Roads
( Single lanes)4.75
5 Village Roads
( Single lane)4.0
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DESIGN SPEED
DESIGN SPEED is the basic parameterwhich determines all other geometricfeatures. (Sight distances, Superelevation etc)
Choice of Design Speed depends on
1) Function of road also
2) Terrain condition.Ruling Design Speed :- Guiding criteria for
various geometric features.
Minimum Design Speed :- Adopted wheresite conditions do not permit Ruling design speed.
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DESIGN SPEEDS
S.No Road Classification
Design Speed, km/h
Plain terrain Rolling terrainMountainous terrain
Strrp terrain
Ruling design speed
Minimum design speed
Ruling design speed
Minimum design speed
Ruling design speed
Minimum design speed
Ruling design speed
Minimum design speed
1National
Highways 100 80 80 65 50 50 40 30
2 State Highways 100 80 80 65 50 50 40 30
3 Major Dist. Roads 80 65 65 50 40 30 30 20
4 Other Dist. Roads 65 50 50 40 30 25 25 20
5 Village Roads 50 40 40 35 25 20 25 20
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CROSS SECTIONAL ELEMENT - R0AD LAND (ROW)
Width between Control lines
Width between Building lines
Road land width
ROADWAY CARRIAGEWAY
Road land width is the land acquired for road purpose
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RECOMMENDED LAND WIDTHS FOR DIFFERENT CLASSES OF ROADS (meters)
1Road
Classification
Plain and rolling terrainMountainous and steep
terrain
Open areas Built-up areas Open areasBuilt-up areas
Normal Range Normal Range Normal Range
1 National Highways 45 30-60 30 30-60 24 20
2 State Highways 45 30-60 30 30-60 24 20
3 Major Dist. Roads 25 25-30 20 15-25 18 15
4 Other Dist. Roads 15 15-25 15 15-20 15 12
5 Village Roads 12 12-18 10 10-15 9 9
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CROSS SECTIONAL ELEMENT - BUILDING LINES
Width between Control lines
Width between Building lines
Road land width
ROADWAY CARRIAGEWAY
A hypothetical line set back from the road boundary. Building activity is restricted within this boundary in order to preserve space for future widening
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CROSS SECTIONAL ELEMENT – CONTROL LINES
Width between Control lines
Width between Building lines
Road land width
ROADWAY CARRIAGEWAY
The set back line in which nature of building activity is controlled.
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RECOMMENDED STANDARDS FOR BUILDING LINESAND CONTROL LINES
Road classification
Plain and rolling terrainMountainous and steep
terrain
Open areas Built-up areasOpen areas
Built-up areas
Overall width
between Building
Lines
(meters)
Overall width
between Control Lines
(meters)
Distance between Building Line and
road boundary (set-back)
(meters)
Distance between Building Line and road
boundary (set-back)
(meters)
1 2 3 4 5 6
National Highways 80 150 3-6 3-5 3-5
State Highways 80 150 3-6 3-5 3-5
Other District Roads 25/30 35 3-5 3-5 3-5
Village Roads 25 30 3-5 3-5 3-5
Major Dist. Roads 50 100 3-5 3-5 3-5
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OVERALL WIDTH OF CULVERTS ( up to 6.0 m span)IN PLAIN AND ROLLING TERRAIN
( MEASURED FRON OUT-TO-OUT OF PARAPET WALLS)
S.No Road ClassificationRoadway width
(meters)
1 National Highways
( Single or two lanes)12.0
2 State Highways
( Single or two lanes)12.0
4 Other Dist. Roads – (i) single Lane
(ii) two Lanes
7.5
9.0
3 Major Dist. Roads
( Single or two lanes)9.0
5 National Highways
( Single lane)7.5
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CLEAR ROADWAY WIDTH OF CULVERTS( up to 6.0 m span)IN MOUNTAINOUS AND STEEP TERRAIN
( MEASURED FROM IN-TO-IN OF PARAPETS)
S.No Road ClassificationRoadway width
(meters)
1 National Highways (i) single lane
(ii) two lanes
6.25
8.80
2 State Highways (i) single lane
(ii) two lanes
6.25
8.80
4 Other Dist. Roads
(Single lane )4.75
3 Major Dist. Roads
( Single lanes)4.75
5 Village Roads minimum
desirable
4.0
4.25
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BRIDGES (Length greater than 6.0 m)
S.No Bridge typeClear width of roadway between
Krebs (meters)
1 Single-lane Bridge 4.25
2 Two-lane Bridge 7.50
3 Multi-lane Bridge 3.50 m per lane
+
0.50 m per each carriageway
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BRIDGES (Length greater than 6.0 m)
STANDARD PLANS FOR HIGHWAY BRIDGES
R.C.C. SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE
published by MOST
Recommends
Carriageway width with footpaths = 7.50 m
Carriageway width without footpaths = 10.90 m
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SHOULDER (BERM) WIDTH
Shoulder width =(Roadway – Carriageway)
--------------------
2
Roadway
Shoulder Carriageway Shoulder
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TAPERING OF ROAD AT TRANSITION
TRANSITION
1 in 15 to 1 in 20
DOUBLE LANE ROAD
SINGLE LANE ROAD
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Median Width
S.No ConditionWidth of median
(meters)
1 On Rural Highways minimum desirable 5.00
2 On Rural Highways at land restrictions 3.00
3 On Long Bridges and viaducts Normal 1.50
4 On Long Bridges and viaducts minimum 1.20
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PAVEMENT CAMBER
1. The rise given to the center of carriageway withreference to its edge to facilitate drainage is calledCamber.
2. It is expressed as ratio of vertical to horizontal
(1 in 33 ) or equivalent percentage (3.0 % = 100*1/33)
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PAVEMENT CAMBER of CROSS FALL
S.No Surface type Camber/ crossfall(high rainfall – low rainfall )
1High type bituminous surfacing
or cement concrete
1.7-2.0 per cent
(1 in 60 to 1 in 50 )
2 Thin Bituminous surfacing 2.0-2.5 per cent
(1 in 50 to 1 in 40 )
3 Water bound macadam, gravel 2.50 – 3.00
(1 in 40 to 1 in 30 )
4 Earth
3.50
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DESIGN TRAFFIC AND CAPACITY
The width of carriageway should be sufficient for thedesign traffic.
Design traffic = traffic expected on the road in thedesign year.
It depends on
Rate of growth of traffic
Design period
Importance of road
Nature of road side development.
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CAPACITY OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF ROADS
S.No Type of roadCapacity
(PCU)
1 Single lane road 3.75 m width carriageway with normal earthen shoulders
1 000
2 Single lane road 3.75 m width carriageway with designed hard shoulders of 1.0 m width
2 500
3 Two lane roads having 7.0 m wide carriageway with normal earthen shoulders
10 000
4 Intermediate lane roads having 5.5 m wide carriageway with normal earthen shoulders
5 000
5 4-lane divided highway with directional split of traffic, access control
20 000 – 30 000
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SUPERELEVATION
Superelevation is the inward tilt oftransverse inclination given to thesection of carriageway on a horizontalcurve to reduce the effect of centrifugalforce on a moving vehicle.
It is expressed as a slop.
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R
mv 2
sinmg
cos*2
R
mv
sin*2
R
mvmg
cosmgcosmg sin*
2
R
mv
cos)sincos(sin22
R
v
R
vgfg s
cosmgsfsinmg sin*2
R
mv cos*2
R
mv
sf
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RADII BEYOND WHICH SUPERELEVATION IS NOT REQUIRED
S.NoDesign speed (km/h)
Radius (meters) for camber of
4 per cent 3 percent 2.5 per cent 2 per cent 1.7 percent
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
20
25
30
35
40
50
65
80
100
50
70
100
140
180
280
470
700
1100
60
90
130
180
240
370
630
950
1500
70
110
160
220
280
450
750
1100
1800
90
140
200
270
350
550
950
1400
2200
100
150
240
320
420
650
1100
1700
2600
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1.sight distance
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References
1. IRC:73-1980, Geometric design standards for rural (non-urban) Highways,
2. IRC:86-1983, Geometric design standards for urban roads in plains,
3. IRC:66-1976, Recommended practice for sight distance on rural highways,
4. IRC:SP:48-1998, Hill road manual,
5. Pocket book for Highway Engineers,
6. Principles and practices of Highway engineering,
_Dr.L.R.Kadiyali & Dr.N.B.Lal.7. Highway Engineering – Khanna & Justo
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1) NAC- National Academy of Constructions2) Sri F.C.S. Peter, DG, NAC3) Sri S. Jaswant Kumar, C.E.(D&P), R&B Dept.4) Sri M. Anand Kumar, E.E.(R&B), Vikarabad,5) Sri A. B. V. Subba Reddy, NAC, Hyderabad.6) Master V. Sraman,7) YOU All
-- V. VENKATA NARAYANADy. Executive Engineer(R&B),
07799139399, [email protected]