oMatter is everything around

you

oMatter is anything made up of

atoms and molecules

oAnything that has mass and

takes up space.

Atoms are pieces of matter

You are made up of billions and

billions of atoms

Atoms are the building blocks

You need atoms to build molecules

Molecules are atoms bonded

together

Matter

Pure

Substances

Elements Compounds

Mixtures

Homogeneous

Mixtures

Heterogeneous

Mixtures

◦Are also known as substances.

◦Have a constant composition.

• Examples:

• H2O, O2 (no matter how they are

prepared, they will always have this

ratio of atoms)

Matter

Pure

Substances

Elements Compounds

Mixtures

Homogeneous

Mixtures

Heterogeneous

Mixtures

◦Elements contain only one single type

of atom (found on the Periodic Table of

Elements.)

◦ Simplest form of matter that has its

own unique set of properties.

◦Cannot be separated by physical or

chemical changes.Monatomic

ElementDiatomic Element

Matter

Pure

Substances

Elements Compounds

Mixtures

Homogeneous

Mixtures

Heterogeneous

Mixtures

◦ Two or more atoms that are CHEMICALLY

combined.

◦ Have their own unique properties that can differ

from the elements that make up that compound.

◦ Examples include:

Sodium Chloride (Table Salt)

Ammonia

◦Can be separated by a chemical change.

NH3

Matter

Pure

Substances

Elements Compounds

Mixtures

Homogeneous

Mixtures

Heterogeneous

Mixtures

◦ Two or more substances that are

PHYSICALLY combined. (not bonded)

◦ Substances retain their own properties.

◦ Can be separated into components by

physical changes. (ex: filtering)

Particle

Diagram of

a Mixture

◦ An uneven mixture of particles

◦ Have visible differences

◦ Examples include:

Sand and Water

Oil and Water

Salt & Pepper

◦ Are easily separated

by filtration.

◦ Have no visible differences until you reach the atomic or molecular level.

◦ Also known as solutions

◦ Can be separated back into the pure substances

◦ Examples include: Air Salt water Tap Water Metal Alloys (brass, sterling silver, or steel)

Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of

particles so small they can not be seen

with a microscope

The particles will never settle out to the

bottom

Solutions stay mixed

Solvent Solute

The Solvent is the part of the solution that does the dissolving

When a solid dissolves into a liquid the liquid is the solvent

In salt water, the water is the solvent

The Solute is the part

of the solution that

gets dissolved

When a solid dissolves

into a liquid the solid

is the solute

In Salt water, the salt

is the solute

Colloid

oHomogeneous

omedium-sized particles

oparticles don’t settle

oEX: milk

Yummy Lemonade or Orange Juice with Pulp

o Heterogeneous

o large particles

o particles settle

o EX:fresh-squeezed

lemonade

Tyndall EffectDo They or Don’t They pass the Tyndall Test???

o Light will scatter or

bounce off of particles

that are large enough

o The scattering of light

by colloidal particles is

the Tyndall Effect

o The Tyndall test is used

to distinguish between a

colloid from a solution

o Particles in solution DO

NOT pass the Tyndall

Test

o Colloids and particles in

suspension DO Pass the

Tyndall test

Physical Properties Chemical Properties

Color

Size

Shape

Density

Melting Point

Boiling Point

Physical Properties can be changed without changing the identity of the substances

pH (Acid or Base)

Reaction with oxygen

(flammability)

Reaction with water

Reaction with metals

Chemical Properties tell

you how a substance will

react and undergo a

chemical change

Physical Changes Chemical Changes

Physical changes change

a physical property

The substance remains

the same substance

Example: Cutting a

sandwich in half

Chemical Changes are reactions that form one or more new substances

Three common types of changes are a change in color, the production of gas (fizzing) and a formation of a precipitate(solid separating from a liquid)

Example: Rust on a bike chain

Change in color: What happens to a banana

over time?

That is a which causes

the peel to turn colors

What happens when you leave your bike out in

the rain for a long time?

That is a

A change in color is one indicator that a

chemical change has occurred and has produced

at least one new substance

What happens when you add vinegar to

baking soda?

This is because the baking soda is undergoing

a and producing a gas this

is why is bubbles

When you bake a cake, a

takes place that causes the cake to rise because

of carbon dioxide (gas)expanding

The Law of the Conservation of Mass is that

ALL matter present before a chemical change

EQUALS the mass of all the substances after

the change

This is similar to another law that you learned

Which one?

THE END!!!!