Upload
jessica-russell
View
221
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Classification of Living Things
Learning About The
Kingdoms
Of Life
What is Classification?
• The organization of objects using characteristics & attributes
Biological Classification
• Systems that name & organize living things in a meaningful way
• AKA taxonomy
History
• Aristotle 400 BC– Used 2 categories and
subdivided according to how they moved
• Plants– Air, land, water
• Animals– Air, land, water
Not a good system. Why?????
Used for 2000 years
History
• 1600’s began to classify according to similarities in form (structure)
• 1700’s Carolus Linnaeus (Swedish)– Created system used
today– Used system to ID all
known plants & animals of his time
– Developed a systematic naming process
• Simple, logical, easy
Old Naming System (pre-Linnaeus)
• Confusing• Had up to 12 names• Names for same
animal/plant different in different countries & books
Modern System (post-Linnaeus)
• 2 functions– 1 groups organisms
according to basic characteristics
– 2 gives unique name to each organism
• Ranges from general (Kingdom) to specific (Species)
• Based on evolutionary relationships
• To be in same species, must be capable of interbreeding & produce fertile young– EX: horse + donkey =
mule (not fertile)– EX: lion + tiger =
liger/tigon (not fertile)
Think of it like this…
• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species
Kings Play Cards On Fat Green Stools
• Kingdom• Phylum• Class• Order• Family• Genus• Species
• Binomial Nomenclature- 2 name naming system– Bi two– Nom name– Clature system
• Uses Genus & species– EX: Homo sapiens AKA modern
man
HOMEWORK
• Come up with a new mnemonic device to help remember the classification system– Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family,
Genus, Species
• Make a picture to go with your saying
• Be creative • Due Monday
The Five Kingdoms
Monerans
• Single celled (unicellular)
• Microscopic
• Nucleus does not have a membrane
• Lacks cell structures
• Absorbs food
• 10,000+ known species
• EX: blue-green algae, bacteria
Protists
• Unicellular; microscopic• Nucleus has a membrane• Sometimes found in chains
or colonies• Has cell structures• 250,000+ known species• Absorbs, ingests or
photosynthesizes food• EX: diatoms, amoeba,
paramecium, euglena, flagellates, other protozoans
Fungi
• Multicellular• Specialized cells &
structures• Absorbs food• 100,000+ known
species• EX: mushrooms,
yeast, mildew, mold
Plants
• Multicellular
• Photosynthesizes food
• Specialized cells and structures
• Rigid cell walls for support
• 250,000+ known species
• EX: trees, mosses, flowering plants, ferns
Animals
• Multicellular
• Specialized cells & structures, including tissues, organs, organ systems
• Own form of locomotion
• Heterotrophs
• No rigid cell walls
• 1,000,000+ known species
Animal Phyla
• Chordates– Vertebrates
• Have rigid backbone and skeletal system for support
• Located inside body
– Invertebrates• No rigid backbone or skeleton
• Some have external support called exoskeleton
• Exo- outside skeleton- support – EX: insects, spiders
Vertebrate Classes
V er tebr a tesw i th back bon es
R ept i l es"cold blooded"sca ly, dr y sk in
A m ph ib ians"cold blooded"sm ooth sk in
n eeds to be m oi st
B i r dssel f r egu la ted tem p
fea th er s & fl ighth ol l ow bon es & w in gs
M am m alssel f r egu la ted tem p
l i ve you ngh a ir
F i sh"cold blooded"
br ea th e th r u w a tergi l l s & fi ns
C h or da tes
Invertebrate Classes
M o llo sksE x : c la m s
sn a ils
A rth rop o dsE x : inse c ts
sp id e rs
E ch in id e rm sE x : sta rf ishse a u rch ins
A n ne lidsE x : le e ch
e a rthw o rm
P o rife raE x : sp o ng es
C n id e ria nsE x : je llyf ish
se a a ne m o ne
F la tw o rm sE x : f lu ke
ta p ew o rm
R o u n dw o rm sE x : trich inah o o k w o rm
In verte b ra tesn o b a ckbo ne
Terms to Know
• Autotrophs make own food• Heterotrophs get food from another source• Photosynthesis using the sun’s energy to make
own food• Prokaryotic nucleus not enclosed; DNA flows
freely in cell• Eukaryotic has an enclosed nucleus (where
DNA is stored)• Locomotion means of movement; transportation
Terms to Know
• Sessile non- moving; stationary
• Motile mobile; ability to move
• Taxonomy another word for classification
• Nucleus cell structure that contains DNA for reproduction; enclosed with a membrane