Classification and

Biodiversity

About _1.5 million___ kinds of living organisms are known today and each year thousands more are identified.

Some experts believe there are as many ___10 million_ different kinds of organisms.

Taxonomy: Classification and naming of living

things.

Classification Systems: How is a grocery store classified/

organized?

Early classification: Aristotle:

– Classified organisms by how they moved. Fly Walk Swim

Problems?

John Ray:– First to use the term Species.

– Classified based on structural similarities

Carolus Linnaeus:– Father of modern taxonomy.

– Developed naming system of “binomial nomenclature”

Classification Categories

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Species: Sapiens

Naming organisms Nomenclature = naming organisms

Common name vs. scientific name

– There may be many common names for one organism.

Puma, cougar, mountain lion

– Only one scientific name. Felis concolor

Binomial Nomenclature Hedera helix or Hedera helix

Italicize or underline scientific name

Hedera = genus

helix = species

Characteristics of the 6 kingdoms

Monera = bacteria

Cell type = prokaryotic

Body form = mostly unicellular

How they get energy:– Photosynthesis– Absorption– Chemosynthesis

No nervous system

Locomotion: some have flagella

Protista: Cell Type: Eukaryotic Body Form: Mostly unicellular Energy: Some photosynthesis, some

respiration/absorption No nervous system Locomotion:

– Flagella: whip like tail– Cilia: tiny hairs– Pseudopods: fake feet/ oozing cytoplasm

Fungi Cell type: Eukaryotic

Body form: mostly multi-cellular

Energy from decomposition/absorption

No nervous system

No locomotion

Plantae Cell type: eukaryotic

Body form: multi-cellular

Energy: photosynthesis

No nervous system

Little locomotion

Animalia Cell type: eukaryotic

Body form: multi-cellular

Energy: cell respiration/ingestion

Yes, have nervous system

Yes, locomotion… walk, swim, fly…

Monera Bacteria is the

common name for members of this kingdom.

Where can bacteria be found? Everywhere!

Bacteria shapes

1. Round (cocci)

2. Rod-shaped (bacillus)

3. Sprial

Two groups of bacteria 1. Archaebacteria: ancient bacteria

– Adapted to unusual and/or extreme conditions, such as very hot, very salty, or no-oxygen environments. Have several different cellular chemistries from Monera

2. Eubacteria (monera): true bacteria… most bacteria are this type

Examples of bacteria and good things bacteria do

Watch movie

Animal like Protists Stentor

Vorticella

Paramecium

Amoeba

Plant like protists Algae… green, red, brown

Spirogyra

Volvox

Diatoms

Euglena

Fungus-like protists Slime-molds

Watch movie Feeding styles of protists

Next video Sound is only good for 5 min. Stop

after that.

Fungi

Plants Bryophyta: mosses

Tracheophyta: plants with vessels