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Classical Greece and Rome. A Comparison. GREECE. ROME. Geography. Greece. Rome. Established city-states along the eastern Mediterranean and into parts of southern Europe. Empire extended from modern Greece to the border of India to the east. (see pg. 80-81). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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A Comparison
Classical Greece and Rome
GREECE
ROME
GreeceEstablished city-
states along the eastern Mediterranean and into parts of southern Europe.
Empire extended from modern Greece to the border of India to the east. (see pg. 80-81)
Started in the Italian peninsula.
Roman state extended from modern day Spain to parts of the Middle East, including territory in northern Africa. (see pg. 82)
GeographyRome
Greco-RomanDid not create a major religion.Primitive in natureBelief in the spirits of nature and a complex se of
gods.Greeks and Romans had different names for their
pantheon, but shared similar gods.Promoted political loyalty, but did not provide a basis
for ethical thought.Limitations of this religion; failed to satisfy ordinary
people, increasing division among upper class and popular beliefs.
Religion
Greek and Roman moral philosophyAristotle and Cicero – moderation and balance of
human behavior
Stoics – stressed inner moral independence, to be cultivated by strict discipline of the body and by personal bravery.
Notable thinkersSocrates – encouraged people to question conventional
wisdomPlato – “absolutely True, Good, and Beautiful”
Ethical Systems
GreeceLegacy of human
reasoningGeometryBasics theorems of
PythagorasAstronomyTheory of the sun’s
motion around a stationary earth
Preserved Hellenistic traditions in textbooks
Roman genius was more practical;Great roadsAqueductsArches
Achievements – Science & Math
Rome
GreeceGreek drama –
comedy and tragedyGreater emphasis
on tragedyPoetry
Homer – Iliad and Odyssey
Ceramic work
Literary contributions were less impressive
Painting – realistic works in the homes of the wealthy
Achievments – Literature & Art
Rome
Greece Monumental
construction in square or rectangular in shape.
Columned porticoes, with three different tops;Doric, Ionic and
CorinthianInvented “classical”
architecture
Adopted Greek themes
Temples, marketplaces, and public baths
Stadiums – ColiseumDomes
Achievements - ArchitectureRome
Polis – Greek word for city-stateCitizens actively participated in politics.ATHENSDirect Democracy – not rule through elected
representatives.Women had no rights of political participation.About half of all adult males were not citizens. SPARTAGoverned by a singular militaristic aristocracy
PoliticalGreece
RomeRome tried to use various elements of Greek
political systemsThe Roman Republic had two legislative
branches:Senate – composed mainly of aristocratsConsuls – shared primary executive power,
EXCEPT in times of crisis the Senate could choose a dictator (Caesar).
Cicero – writer/political philosopher.
Most Greeks and Romans were self-sustained farmersBecause of the geography farming was difficult,
producing grains, grapes and olives.Commercial agriculture was one of the forces of
establishing an empireTrade was important in Mediterranean civilization
Merchants had a somewhat higher status in Rome, than in Greece
Slavery was a key component of the Mediterranean economyAristotle justified slavery as a necessity in a proper
society
Economy
GreeceUnder the authority
of the menRarely appeared in
publicServed the
community by bearing and raising children
Upper class women had great influence and power within families
However in law and culture, women were inferior
Infanticide – families burdened with too many children
The oppression of women was less severe in the Mediterranean than in China or India
Social – Role of WomenRome