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CLASSICAL CLASSICAL CONDITIONING CONDITIONING

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING. LEARNING Learning is a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience. Conditioning = Learning

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Page 1: CLASSICAL CONDITIONING. LEARNING Learning is a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience. Conditioning = Learning

CLASSICAL CLASSICAL CONDITIONINGCONDITIONING

CLASSICAL CLASSICAL CONDITIONINGCONDITIONING

Page 2: CLASSICAL CONDITIONING. LEARNING Learning is a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience. Conditioning = Learning

LEARNING• Learning is a relatively permanent

change in an organism’s behavior due to experience.

• Conditioning = Learning

Page 3: CLASSICAL CONDITIONING. LEARNING Learning is a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience. Conditioning = Learning

Stimulus vs. Response• STIMULUS: a feature in the

environment that leads to a change in behavior

• RESPONSE: an observable reaction to a stimulus

Page 4: CLASSICAL CONDITIONING. LEARNING Learning is a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience. Conditioning = Learning

Classical Conditioning• Ivan Pavlov is the founder of

classical conditioning

• Pavlov trained dogs to salivate in response to a bell ringing

Page 5: CLASSICAL CONDITIONING. LEARNING Learning is a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience. Conditioning = Learning

Pavlov’s Experiment• Before conditioning, food

(Unconditioned Stimulus, US) produces salivation (Unconditioned Response, UR). However, the tone (neutral stimulus) does not

Page 6: CLASSICAL CONDITIONING. LEARNING Learning is a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience. Conditioning = Learning

Pavlov’s Experiment• During conditioning, the neutral

stimulus (tone) and the US (food) are paired, resulting in salivation (UR). After conditioning, the neutral stimulus (now Conditioned Stimulus, CS) elicits salivation (now Conditioned Response, CR)

Page 7: CLASSICAL CONDITIONING. LEARNING Learning is a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience. Conditioning = Learning

ExtinctionWhen the US (food) does not follow

the CS (tone), CR (salivation) begins to decrease and eventually

causes extinction.

Page 8: CLASSICAL CONDITIONING. LEARNING Learning is a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience. Conditioning = Learning

Spontaneous RecoveryAfter a rest period, an extinguished

CR (salivation) spontaneously recovers, but if the CS (tone)

persists alone, the CR becomes extinct again.

Page 9: CLASSICAL CONDITIONING. LEARNING Learning is a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience. Conditioning = Learning

Generalization• Act of responding in the same way

to stimuli that seem to be similar, even if the stimuli are not identical

Page 10: CLASSICAL CONDITIONING. LEARNING Learning is a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience. Conditioning = Learning

Discrimination• Act of responding to stimuli that

are not similar to each other

Page 11: CLASSICAL CONDITIONING. LEARNING Learning is a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience. Conditioning = Learning

Taste Aversion• Learned avoidance of a particular

food• Dan ate ½ gallon of ice cream.

After he felt sick to his stomach. Ever since, the thought of ice cream makes Dan sick.

– US: ice cream UR: sick– CS: thought CR: sick


Learning and conditioning

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