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Elasticity

Longitudinal Strain/tensible or compressive strain:

The ratio of changes in length to the original length of the body

under the action of deforming force/normal stress is known as

longitudinal strain.

i.e. Longitudinal strain = ∆�

�

Volume strain/Volumetric/Bulk/Hydraulic strain:

The ration of change in volume, ∆� to the original volume of the

body under the action of deforming force/normal stress, is known as

volumetric strain.

i.e. Volumetric strain = ∆�

�

Shear strain/Tangential strain:

It is the ratio of lateral displacement��� to the perpendicular

distance��� between displaced surface and fixed surface.

i.e. Shear strain

�

Also from figure,

tan �

�

When � is very small then � � �

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� �

�

i.e. Shear strain �

�

Hence, Shear strain can also be defined as the angle (in radian) through

which a line (plane) originally perpendicular to the fixed surface is

turned.

Elastic Limit:

The upper limit of the deforming force up to which if the

deforming force is removed the body regains its original form beyond

which if the deforming force is increased and removed then body loses

its elastic property and gets permanently deformed is known as elastic

limit.

Point to Remember: On increasing temperature, elastic property

decreases and vice-versa.

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