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Bangsamoro Development Plan
28
A. Community Visioning Exercises: Results and InsightsTo ensure that the BDP adequately targets the priority
needs of its beneficiary communities, a total of ten44
one-day CVEs were conducted across the proposed
Bangsamoro and expansion areas representing the
ethnic and religious diversity of the stakeholders in the
Bangsamoro. Participants included members of Muslim
groups (including both MNLF and MILF), settlers,
and also IPs, as represented by formal and informal
community leaders, and organized stakeholder groups,
among others.45 Each CVE workshop was structured
around focus group discussions and meta-analysis against
three broad objectives:
1. Define the needs, identity, and aspiration of the
Bangsamoro for their envisioned society;
2. Determine the problems, sources of dissatisfaction,
and grievances of Bangsamoro communities, their
causes and possible solutions; and
3. Identify priority projects and programs that respond
to the needs and aspirations of Bangsamoro
communities, and address sources of dissatisfaction.
The results of the CVEs show that most sources of
dissatisfaction, aspirations, and priority programs are
common to all areas. They also validate the BDF, as
the needs and priorities articulated in the CVE results
are reflective of it. In turn, the results provide guidance
to the clustering of the report into six broad themes that
also partly guide the structure and the content of this Plan:
(1) economy and livelihood; (2) social development; (3)
environment and natural resources; (4) culture and identity;
(5) governance; and (6) security. The key messages from
each theme are presented below.46
A.1. Economy and Livelihood
As expected, issues related to the Bangsamoro economy
formed a substantial part of the responses from the CVEs.
The Bangsamoro lags significantly behind the rest of
Mindanao and the Philippines in Gross Regional Domestic
Product (GRDP) and poverty levels as identified earlier,
which correlates with the identified major sources of
dissatisfaction.
This translates directly to the vision and aspirations of the
people for a prosperous Bangsamoro with reduced poverty
where a dynamic private sector can provide livelihood
opportunities and help foster sustainable development.
Priority programs to help address the sources of
dissatisfaction and attain the vision range from direct
livelihoods inputs to infrastructure development in support
of livelihoods and specific interventions to help foster a
private sector based on Islamic principle of halal. Table 3
presents the top responses identified in the CVEs.
Clamor from the Ground5
C H A P T E R 5Clamor from the Ground
29
A.2. Social Development
Social development issues were equally prominent in
the responses of participants in the CVEs, reflecting the
substantial lag in social service provision and individual
development outcomes across the Bangsamoro (see Table
4). Poor access to health and education facilities drives
the vision and aspirations, which also reflects the plight of
IDPs and their lack of secure housing. Of key importance
to the peacebuilding aspect of the BDP is the prevalence
of out-of-school youth (OSY), whose lack of opportunities
contributes to a disaffected society susceptible to
nefarious influences, including drugs, gambling and
violence, teen pregnancy, and early marriage.
Table 3: Economy and Livelihood-Related Concerns, Aspirations, and Priority Programs
Sources of Dissatisfaction Vision and Aspirations Priority Programs
Poverty Prosperity Economic program and livelihood assistance
Lack of livelihood opportunities Employment and livelihood support Inputs to production (farming, irrigation, aquaculture)
Poor transportation network Sustainable development Farm-to-market and municipal roads
Unreliable power supply Dynamic private sector Increased power generation capacity
High price of inputs to production Economy sensitive to religious diversity
Access to finance (microfinance, mini-coop, Islamic finance)
Table 4: Social Development-Related Concerns, Aspirations, and Priority Programs
Sources of Dissatisfaction Vision and Aspirations Priority Programs
Inadequate access to health services and facilities
Reliable access to health services and facilities
Construction, rehabilitation, and staffing of health centers
Poor provision of education (including madaris)
Quality educational system reflective of religious diversity
School/Madrasah construction and teacher training
Lack of housing Resettlement and safe integrated return of migrant communities with reliable housing/shelter
Support for “Balik-Bangsamoro” and IDPs including housing, nutrition, and orphan support
Poor sanitation Potable water and sanitation system Waste management
Drugs/gambling Social safety net system OSY programs/sports centers
Bangsamoro Development Plan
30
A.3. Environment and Natural Resources
The CVEs reinforced the importance of environmental
stewardship across the Bangsamoro (see Table 5).
Many of the Bangsamoro, and also IPs, associate their
very existence with their natural resources. Therefore,
in association with the Bangsamoro people’s right
to self-determination, environmental restoration,
and sustainable management should be streamlined
in connection with the economic development of the
Bangsamoro. Coupled with this is reliable access to
personal and communal lands, conflict over which
continues to be a major issue across Bangsamoro.
A.4. Culture and Identity
As with the environment, communities understand
the CAB as an expression of their right to self-
determination. Related to that is the equal expression of
the multicultural societal fabric of the Bangsamoro. As
part of a peacebuilding effort, supporting the recognition
and sharing of the various religious and cultural traditions
of the Bangsamoro people can help foster social cohesion
(see Table 6).
Table 5: Environment and Natural Resource-Related Concerns, Aspirations, and Priority Programs
Sources of Dissatisfaction Vision and Aspirations Priority Programs
Environmental degradation Balanced ecology and sustainable environmental stewardship
Reforestation/Forestland management and protection
Illegal logging/mining Strong regulation of mining industry and enforce forestry laws
Conflict-sensitive assessment of mineral potential in Bangsamoro
Land conflict Land conflict resolution Land conflict management system
Pollution Realized returns of environmental exploitation to communities
Enforcement of environmental policy
Frequent environmental disasters Reduced environmental disaster susceptibility
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management programs (flood protection)
Table 6: Culture and Identity-Related Concerns, Aspirations, and Priority Programs
Sources of Dissatisfaction Vision and Aspirations Priority Programs
Lack of respect for ethnic/religious traditions
Ethnic and interfaith understanding Cultural preservation programs (museums, memorials, parks)
Minimal access to Islamic justice, finance, health, and education facilities
Access to culture-specific social, economic, and governance systems
Construction of culture-specific facilities (prayer rooms, traditional birthing facilities, cemeteries)
Disregard of traditional cultures by the youth
Pride in multi-ethnic background of Bangsamoro
Peacebuilding and cultural education program
C H A P T E R 5Clamor from the Ground
31
A.5. Governance
Transitioning from the ARG structure to the Bangsamoro
Government with a parliamentary form, along with the
associated human resource capacity development, will
require substantial effort. At the same time, addressing
the governance issues identified in the CVEs—
particularly corruption—will be a priority for the new
government (see Table 7). Building a new government
with institutions able to provide citizen security, justice,
and job opportunity will have one of the most significant
impacts in breaking the cycle of conflict.
A.6. Security
As a socioeconomic development plan, it is difficult for
the BDP to address security issues directly. However,
the protracted history of violence and conflict plays an
important part in shaping the views of the Bangsamoro
people. Hence, security was one of the main themes
identified by the CVEs (see Table 8). These should,
therefore, be addressed in parallel by the relevant
institutions to create an enabling environment where
socioeconomic interventions can help foster stability and
prosperity.
Table 7: Governance-Related Concerns, Aspirations, and Priority Programs
Sources of Dissatisfaction Vision and Aspirations Priority Programs
Corruption/lack of transparency Good governance Values Transformation
Inequitable implementation of laws/ distribution of services
Participatory/representative government
Transparency and accountability measures in budget utilization
Nepotism/political dynasty/electoral fraud
Progressive/fair community Electoral reform
Injustice/weak judiciary Justice and human rights (including Shari’ah)
Implementation of laws
Discrimination/tribalism Good inter-ethnic relations Government accountability programs
Limited Shari’ah Shari’ah Justice System Implementation of Shari’ah
Table 8: Security-Related Concerns, Aspirations, and Priority Programs
Sources of Dissatisfaction Vision and Aspirations Priority Programs
Armed conflict/militarization Peace and stability Police reform/law enforcement promotion/demilitarization
Rido Peaceful community environment Reconciliation and unification
Crime (kidnapping, rape, human trafficking)
Strong enforcement of the law Moral recovery and police operation enhancement
Private armies Strong and equitable law enforcement
Disbandment of private armies
Insecurity/lack of law enforcement Strong police visibility Strict enforcement of laws
B. Cross-Validation of Consolidated OutputsThough representative of the geographical and ethnic
diversity of the Bangsamoro, the CVE process, in the
limited time available, covered only a sample of the
proposed territory and population. However, the
CVE results were cross-validated and compared with
parallel and past processes to ensure they were aligned
with the views expressed by a broader constituency of
stakeholders and potential beneficiaries of the BDP.
Bangsamoro Development Plan
32
B.1. Community Consultations on the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL)
The BTC, in line with its mandate to draft an inclusive
BBL, conducted an extensive series of community
consultations. Through a partnership with the
Mindanao Civil Society Organizations Platform for
Peace (MCSOPP), it held more than 120 community
consultation sessions across the potential core territory
and expansion areas.
In drafting the BDP, the BDA coordinated with MCSOPP
to draw on data gathered in the consultations. While the
consultations on the BBL focused primarily on political,
legal, and institutional concerns, the issues identified
by the population through the MCSOPP process, and
the suggested remedies, closely match those of the CVE
exercise. These include the major themes of security,
governance, social services, livelihood, and environment.
An overview consolidation of the CVE, CV, and MCSOPP
outputs is in Annex D (Clamor from the Ground).
B.2. Alignment with Previous Regional Analysis of Development Priorities
Several Official Development Assistance (ODA) partners
have conducted detailed analyses of the needs and
priorities of the Bangsamoro people based on community
consultations across the ARMM and in potential expansion
areas. Through a desk review, BDP confirmed the
close alignment of the aspirations, needs, and priorities
identified by the CVEs with those described in previous
studies47 in Table 9.
The results of these studies provide a regular polling
of the issues, aspirations, and priorities of Bangsamoro
communities over the past decade of neglect and reinforce
the continued underdevelopment experienced in the
Bangsamoro. The alignment of the results of the MCSOPP-
led consultations on the BBL with earlier socioeconomic
assessments and development plans, as well as the CVE
results, confirms that the CVEs provide a sound basis to
guide the priority programs of the BDP.
44 See note 32 in Chapter 3, page 16 for the complete listing of the Community Visioning Exercises in selected Bangsamoro areas. 45 Refer to Annex D (Clamor from the Ground) for a full description of the CVE methodology and results.46 The list in the matrix table is not meant to have correspondence from sources of dissatisfaction, vision, and aspirations to that of the priority
programs. The table merely enumerates the responses of communities consulted. 47 These are the World Food Programme and World Bank (2010), Japan International Cooperation Agency (2009), and World Bank (2003 and 2005).
NOTES
Table 9: Top Community Priorities Based on Previous Needs Assessments
Priority 1 Priority 2 Priority 3
JNA (2005) Livelihood/income above subsistence
Water and sanitation Durable housing/protection from natural disaster
JICA SERD-CAAM (2009) Livelihood and economic infrastructure
Reliable water supply Access to health and education
WB and WFP (2010) Money Jobs Food
MTF PPA 3 Assessment (2014) Livelihood and employment Capital for businesses Farm inputs, implements, and postharvest facilities
ARMM Social Fund Baseline Survey (2014)
Money Basic needs Food