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The Concept of Health

Edited by

Ratna Farida

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Definition of Health

Healthis defined in the WHO constitution of 1948

as: A state of complete physical, socialand mental

well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or

infirmity.

together sometimes referred to

as the health triangle

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Health

is a resourcefor everyday life, not the object of

living.

It is a positive concept emphasizing social and

personal resources as well as physical capabilities.

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the Ottawa Charter emphasizes certain

Pre-requisites for Health which include:

* peace,

* adequate economic resources,* food and shelter, and

* a stable eco-system and sustainable

resource use.

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There is a link between:

social and economic conditions,

the physical environment,individual lifestyles and health.

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Health

is the level of functional and (or) metabolic efficiency

of a living being.

In humans, it is the general condition of a personinmind, body and spirit,

usually meaning to being freefrom illness, injuryor pain(as in good health or

healthy).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human

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key factors that have been found to influencewhether people are healthy or unhealthy include:

Income and social status

Social support networks

Education and literacy

Employment/working conditions

Social environments Physical environments

Personal health practices and coping skills

Healthy child development

Biology and genetics

Health care services

Gender

Culture

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3 interdependent fields as key determinants of an

individual's health:

Lifestyle: the aggregation of personal decisions (i.e.over which the individual has control) that can besaid to contribute to, or cause, illness or death;

Environmental:all matters related to health externalto the human body, and over which the individualhas little or no control;

Biomedical:all aspects of health, physical and

mental, developed within the human body asinfluenced by genetic make-up.

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Study suggested that people can improve theirhealth via:

exercise,

enough sleep,

maintaining a healthy body weight, Avoiding smoking

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exercisehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleephttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_weighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smokinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smokinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_weighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleephttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exercise

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The environmentis often cited as an important

factor influencing the health status of

individuals. This includes characteristics of:

the natural environment,

the built environment, and

the social environment

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Public Health

as "the science and art of preventing disease,

prolonging life and promoting health through the

organized efforts and informed choices of society,

organizations, public and private, communities andindividuals

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The focus of public health interventions is:

to prevent and manage diseases, injuries and other

health conditions through surveillance of cases and

the promotion of:

healthy behaviours, communities and environments.

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ORAL HEALTH

What is Oral Health?

Oral health means being free of chronic mouth andfacial pain, oral and throat cancer, oral sores, birth

defects such as cleft lip and palate, periodontal (gum)disease, tooth decay and tooth loss, and other diseasesand disorders that affect the mouth and oral cavity.

Risk factors for oral diseases include unhealthy diet,tobacco use, harmful alcohol use, and poor oralhygiene.

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What are Common Causes of Oral Diseases?

Oral diseases share common risk factors with the fourleading chronic diseases:

cardiovascular diseases,

cancer,

chronic respiratory diseases and

diabetes,

including :

unhealthy diet, tobacco use, and harmful alcohol use.Poor oral hygiene is also a risk factor.

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Oral Health Facts

The most common oral diseases are dental cavities andperiodontal (gum) disease.

60-90% of school children worldwide have dental cavities.

Severe periodontal (gum) disease, which may result intooth loss, is found in 5-20% of middle-aged adults; the ratevaries across geographical regions.

Incidence of oral cancer ranges from one to 10 cases per100 000 population in most countries.

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Birth defects such as cleft lip and palate occur inaround one per 500-700 of all births; the birth

prevalence rate varies substantially across ethnicgroups and geographical areas.

40-50% of people who are HIV-positive have oralfungal, bacterial or viral infections, which often

occur early in the course of HIV infection.

Traditional curative dental care is a significanteconomic burden for many high-income

countries, where 5-10% of public healthexpenditure relates to oral health.

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WHO Activities for Integrated Prevention of Oral

Disease and Health Promotion

The public health solutions for oral diseases are most effectivewhen they are integrated with other chronic diseases andwith national public health programmes. The activities of theWorld Health Organization (WHO) span advocacy, preventionand treatment:

Advocacy for a common risk factor approach to prevent oraland other chronic diseases simultaneously;

Fluoridation programmes to improve fluoride access in low-

income countries;

Technical support for countries that are integrating oral healthinto their public health systems.

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Water, the Secret to Life

What is the one thing that every living organism here

on earth contains? WATER. Water is essential for life

to exist and it is so important that it is the first thing

scientists look for when exploring a foreign planet.Why? Because without water there is no life.

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Did you know that a person could survivewithout food and still sustain life for many days

and possibly a couple of weeks? But that samebody will parish in a matter of a few short days ifthere is no water to be consumed.

This is because the human body is composed

mostly of water and without proper hydration

we wither away much the same as a flowerthat is deprived of water. For the lack of a

better term, life is water!

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What is water?

It is important to understand that all water is not

created equally. On a strictly scientific level, water

can be described as H2O. This symbolizes the two

elements that water is comprised of, two hydrogenatoms and one oxygen atom.

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Ingesting 8 glasses of water per day as

recommended by most professionals is

important;

Life revolves around water, but healthy life

revolves around healthy water.

Instead of saying you are what you eat, perhaps

we should be saying, you are what you drink.

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Because this can be a problem and leave us

susceptible to sickness and disease, it is essential

for us to figure out a way to keep these free

radicals from harming our tissue. One way is with

the use of antioxidants.Antioxidants can be found

in many healthy supplements such as vitamin C,

vitamin E, beta-carotene, selenium and someamino acids. These antioxidants are called

reducing agents and have the ability to supply the

needed electrons to the free radicals and thus save

the tissue from being attacked. While it is true thata balanced diet is an effective way to supply the

body with the needed antioxidants, there is a

better way.

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The Millennium Development

Goals(MDGs)

are eight international development goals that

all 193United Nations member states and atleast 23 international organizations have

agreed to achieve by the year 2015.

The goals are:

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eradicating extreme poverty and hunger,

achieving universal primary education, promoting gender equality and empowering

women

reducing child mortalityrates, improving maternal health,

combating HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other

diseases,

ensuring environmental sustainability, and

developing a global partnership for

development.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme_povertyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_mortalityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_mortalityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme_poverty

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Keep Healthy Life