CJS Mid-Term Project

By: Mary Browning

4/27/20104/27/2010 22

4/27/20104/27/2010 33

Operational Strategies of Police Work (Schmalleger, 2007, p. 199)Operational Strategies of Police Work (Schmalleger, 2007, p. 199)

Dominant operational policing strategyDominant operational policing strategy

Backbone of police workBackbone of police work

Routine Patrol Activities using Uniformed Police Officers Routine Patrol Activities using Uniformed Police Officers

on the streets amongst the publicon the streets amongst the public

Use most resources of local and state-level police agenciesUse most resources of local and state-level police agencies

Operational mode used when police officers are not Operational mode used when police officers are not

involved in answering service callsinvolved in answering service calls

(Schmalleger, 2007)(Schmalleger, 2007)

4/27/20104/27/2010 44


4/27/2010 55

(Schmalleger, 2007)(Schmalleger, 2007) 4/27/20104/27/2010 66

4/27/20104/27/2010 77


4/27/20104/27/2010 88


4/27/2010 9

Save lifeSave life

Interrupt crimeInterrupt crime

Protect propertyProtect property

Minimize InjuryMinimize Injury

Emergency Responses are used for…Emergency Responses are used for…

Crimes in ProgressCrimes in Progress

Traffic Accidents with Serious InjuriesTraffic Accidents with Serious Injuries

Natural DisastersNatural Disasters

Incidents of TerrorismIncidents of Terrorism

Officer Requests for AssistanceOfficer Requests for Assistance

All situations where human life is in jeopardy/serious dangerAll situations where human life is in jeopardy/serious danger


(Hoffman, et. al., 2003)

4/27/20104/27/2010 1010

Criminal Investigation is “the process of discovering, Criminal Investigation is “the process of discovering, collecting, preparing, identifying, and presenting collecting, preparing, identifying, and presenting evidence to determine what happened and who is evidence to determine what happened and who is responsible” (Schmalleger, 2007, p. 11 – 12, ¶ 4)at the responsible” (Schmalleger, 2007, p. 11 – 12, ¶ 4)at the occurrence of a crime.occurrence of a crime.

(Miller, 2007)4/27/20104/27/2010 1111

4/27/20104/27/2010 12

Criminal Investigation: Crime Scene Investigation Process (Schmalleger, 2007, p. 201)

Dominates Media Depictions of Police WorkDominates Media Depictions of Police Work

Constitute a relatively small proportion of police workConstitute a relatively small proportion of police work

Criminal Investigators (Detectives) are responsible for solving crimes and Criminal Investigators (Detectives) are responsible for solving crimes and

produce evidence to succeed in prosecution of suspectsproduce evidence to succeed in prosecution of suspects

Emergency Response (critical incidents) officers play a critical role in Emergency Response (critical incidents) officers play a critical role in

assisting the injured and capturing suspectsassisting the injured and capturing suspects


4/27/20104/27/2010 1313

Crime Scene:Crime Scene: “The physical area in which a crime is thought to have “The physical area in which a crime is thought to have occurred and in which evidence of the crime is thought to reside” occurred and in which evidence of the crime is thought to reside” (Schmalleger, 2007, p. 201, ¶ 2).(Schmalleger, 2007, p. 201, ¶ 2).

Preliminary investigation: “All of the activities undertaken by a police Preliminary investigation: “All of the activities undertaken by a police officer who responds to the scene of a crime, including determining officer who responds to the scene of a crime, including determining whether a crime has occurred, securing the crime scene, and preserving whether a crime has occurred, securing the crime scene, and preserving evidence” (Schmalleger, 2007, p. 202, ¶ 2).evidence” (Schmalleger, 2007, p. 202, ¶ 2).

Crime-scene investigator: “An expert trained in the use of forensics Crime-scene investigator: “An expert trained in the use of forensics techniques, such as gathering DNA evidence, collecting fingerprints, techniques, such as gathering DNA evidence, collecting fingerprints, photography, sketching, and interviewing witnesses” (Schmalleger, 2007, photography, sketching, and interviewing witnesses” (Schmalleger, 2007, p. 202, ¶ 4).p. 202, ¶ 4).

Solvability factor: “Information about a crime that forms the basis for Solvability factor: “Information about a crime that forms the basis for determining the perpetrator’s identity “(Schmalleger, 2007, p. 202, ¶ 5).determining the perpetrator’s identity “(Schmalleger, 2007, p. 202, ¶ 5).

4/27/20104/27/2010 1414

1)1) Responding to immediate needs and rendering aid to the injuredResponding to immediate needs and rendering aid to the injured

2)2) Noting such facts as the position of victims or injured subjects, recording Noting such facts as the position of victims or injured subjects, recording spontaneous statements, noting unusual actions or activities, and spontaneous statements, noting unusual actions or activities, and notifying headquarters with an assessment of the scenenotifying headquarters with an assessment of the scene

3)3) Determining that a crime has been committedDetermining that a crime has been committed

4)4) Initiating enforcement action, such as arresting or pursuing the offender Initiating enforcement action, such as arresting or pursuing the offender or dispatching apprehension informationor dispatching apprehension information

5)5) Securing the crime scene and protecting evidence, including limiting Securing the crime scene and protecting evidence, including limiting access, identifying and isolating witnesses, and protecting all evidence, access, identifying and isolating witnesses, and protecting all evidence, especially short-lived evidence (such as impressions in sand or mud)especially short-lived evidence (such as impressions in sand or mud)

6)6) Determining the need for investigative specialists and arranging for their Determining the need for investigative specialists and arranging for their notificationnotification

7)7) Compiling a thorough and accurate report of activities (Schmalleger, Compiling a thorough and accurate report of activities (Schmalleger, 2007, p. 202, ¶ 1)2007, p. 202, ¶ 1)

4/27/20104/27/2010 1515

Fifth operational strategy of policingFifth operational strategy of policing

Also called problem-oriented policingAlso called problem-oriented policing

Seeks to reduce chronic offending in a communitySeeks to reduce chronic offending in a community

Gained structure and systematic attention only in the past 20 Gained structure and systematic attention only in the past 20

years (Schmalleger, 2007)years (Schmalleger, 2007)

4/27/20104/27/2010 1616

There are two methodologies of police problem solving. There are two methodologies of police problem solving.

1)1) SARA (scanning, analysis, response, and assessment)SARA (scanning, analysis, response, and assessment)

2)2) CAPRA (clients, acquired/analyzed, partnerships, CAPRA (clients, acquired/analyzed, partnerships, respond, assess); created by Royal Canadian Mounted respond, assess); created by Royal Canadian Mounted Police, building on the earlier SARA process Police, building on the earlier SARA process (Schmalleger, 2007)(Schmalleger, 2007)

4/27/20104/27/2010 1717

4/27/20104/27/2010 1818

4/27/20104/27/2010 1919

4/27/20104/27/2010 2020

Hoffman, J., Roberts, G., Ashley, V., & Hoyer, J. (2003, March 1). 9-11 Research:

Twin Tower Impacts. 9-11 Research: An Independent Investigation of the 9-11-

2001 Attack. Retrieved April 24, 2010, from

http://911research.wtc7.net/wtc/evidence/photos/impacts.html

Miller, K. (2007, February 1). Two Million Reasons for Murder. ReadersDigest.com.

Retrieved April 24, 2010, from www.rd.com/.../article33003.html

Schmalleger, F. (2006). Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st

Century (9th Edition) (9 ed.). Alexandria, VA: Prentice Hall.

4/27/20104/27/2010 2121

http://911research.wtc7.net/wtc/evidence/photos/impacts.html

http://www.rd.com/.../article33003.html

Documents

CJS Mid-Term Project