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CJ 211 UNIT # 1Seminar
WELCOME TO CLASS AND TO KAPLAN UNIVERSITY!
YOUR COURSE INSTRUCTOR is Martin Foley
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.2
Welcome My name is Martin Foley and I will be your
instructor. I prefer to be called Marty and have a
casual attitude in seminars Make sure you can hear me clearly in this
seminar. Adjust the sound in your computer if necessary.
Participate in seminars. Everyone has something to say so join in
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.3
Assignments Every unit starts on Wednesdays and end the
following Tuesday night. All assignments are due at end of each unit on
Tuesday evening. Detailed instructions will be posted for every
assignment I will help and provide assistance with
assignments No plagiarism Don’t forget what you learned in CJ100
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.4
Reminders Stay in touch with the instructor
Students always encounter some issues that impact class participation
Send email or AIM message and keep me informed of any issues
Use the virtual office to ask common questions about assignments
I am flexible within reason Email is important for online classes
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.5
Your graded assignments:
1. Introduce Yourself2. Seminar (30 Points)3. Discussion question (25 points)4. Quiz (20 points)
Other information for unit one:Read Chapter 1 in Policing America
Unit 1 assignments
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.6
Discussion Board Policy Students required to post a
minimum of 3 responses 1 main response of 50 words or
more discussing the main topic 2 additional responses to other
students to provide feedback Read my grade comments
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.7
What’s In It For You?
Meet new friends – network Become more tech savvy Recognize the resources available
from Kaplan Focus on Law Enforcement as a
career
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.8
Just a couple of questions to get us started?
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.9
Where are you taking tonight’s class from?
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.10
What are your career goals?
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.11
What do you think of when you hear the word “sheriff”?
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.12
English and Colonial Officers of the Law
Sheriff From the term shire reeve – shire
meaning “county” and reeve meaning “agent of the king”
Basic source of rural crime control
Posse Comitatus
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.13
English and Colonial Officers of the Law
Constable Traced back to Anglo-Saxon times Variety of duties, including collecting
taxes, supervising highways, and serving as magistrate
Constable faced disintegration in the colonies
Untrained and believed to be inadequate as officials of the law
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.14
English and Colonial Officers of the Law
Coroner Elected office Coroner Inquest to determine cause
of death and the party responsible Duties duplicate of Sheriff duties to
investigate suspicious deaths Debate over qualifications that are
not standard
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.15
The Old English System of Policing
American policing can be traced back to English heritage
Frankpledge system and tithing grouping men under direction of a constable which led to development of counties
Constable was the first police official with law enforcement responsibility greater than protecting neighbors
Office of constable declined around 1689
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.16
The Old English System of Policing
Corruption of the police led to the decline of the old system due to corruption “trading justice”
Early system was voluntary and informal
Growth of large cities, crime, and civil disobedience required that the system be changed
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.17
Policing in Colonial America
Colonies were free of crime as settlers were busy carving out a farm and a living
Only two crime waves during the 1600s County sheriff enforced law and crime was
very minimal and given low priority Voluntary policing system failed and
wardens appointed to hire watchmen Social and political unrest demanded police
action
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.18
Legacies of the Colonial Period
Colonists committed to local policing Republicanism that power can be
divided and allowed for community input
Henry Fielding “thief takers” Onset of the theory of crime
prevention Paid professional police officers
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.19
Legacies of the Colonial Period
John Fielding Bow Street Runners
Patrick Colquhoun Focused on police reform Police should maintain the public
order, prevent and detect crime, and correct bad manners and morals
Notion of proactive policing
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.20
Police Reform in England and America, 1829 -1860
Urbanization and industrialization brought about changes in policing in both countries
Sir Robert Peel Metropolitan Police Act of 1829 Stressed prevention London Metropolitan Police
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.21
Police Reform in England and America, 1829 -1860
Not well received by the people of London
“Peel’s principles of policing” Many are still relevant to today’s police
community Why did people in London resent
police? What is the result of poor policing?
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.22
Policing Comes to the United States: The Political Era, 1840s
to 1930s
Americans saw Peel’s success Reform movement began in New York Reform efforts were dormant until
1841 The mystery of Marie Roget? Police were placed under the control
of city government and city politicians Mayor chose recruits
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.23
Early Issues and New Traditions
Three important issues in American policing1. Police uniforms
Police did not want to wear uniforms New York City refused to rehire any
officer not wanting to wear a uniform
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.24
Early Issues and New Traditions
2. Police officers carrying firearms
Public viewed armed police with suspicion
3. Use of force Necessary and commonplace for
American officers
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.25
Meanwhile, on the American Front
Ethnic groups fought for resources and fought each other
Four groups assumed responsibility for law enforcement1. Private citizens2. U. S. Marshals3. Businessmen4. Town police officers
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.26
The Reform Era: 1900s to 1980s
Reformers sought to reject political involvement by the police
Civil service systems were created Scientific theory of administration
Frederick Taylor Emphasis on production and unity of
control
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.27
The Era of August Vollmer Modus operandi Value of scientific knowledge in
criminal investigations Police school Leading proponent of police
professionalism Insulate the policed from politics
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.28
The Crime Fighter Image O. W. Wilson Police role was redefined and the
crime fighter image gained popularity Professionalism came to mean a
combination of managerial efficiency and technological sophistication and an emphasis on crime fighting
Social work aspects were gone
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.29
The Wickersham Commission
Completed the first national study of crime and criminal justice
Made many recommendations leading to professionalism in policing
What were the major recommendations from this report to improve policing?
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.30
William H. Parker A firm believer in professional crime
fighters Transformed LAPD Administrative reorganization How would you define “Thin blue
line”?
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.31
A Retreat from the Professional Model
1960s Few inquiries concerning police
functions and methods to this point Police resisted outside scrutiny No need to challenge traditional methods
Five national commissions attempted to examine police methods during the 1960s and 1970s
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.32
A Retreat from the Professional Model
President’s Crime Commission Widely cited Brought policing full circle, back to
principles laid out by Robert Peel Focus on community relations
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.33
The Community Era: 1980s to Present
Redesign jobs based on motivators Team policing
Poorly planned Mid-management personnel
threatened Foot patrol became popular Problem-oriented approach to
policing
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.34
The Three Generations of COPPS
1. Innovation From 1979 through 1986 Herman Goldstein, James Q. Wilson,
George L. Kelling Small-scale experiments provided a
source of innovative ideas for others
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.35
The Three Generations of COPPS
2. Diffusion From 1987 through 1994 Community policing adopted quickly Generally limited to large- and
medium-sized cities Targeted drugs and fear of crime Emphasis on evaluating outcomes
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.36
The Three Generations of COPPS
3. Institutionalization Began in 1995 and continues today 68% of nation’s police agencies
adopted community policing Federal grant money
Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.37
Good Night Class Thank you for the great participation I enjoyed the diverse views and
sharing of ideas My email; [email protected] AIM; martinfoley1