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Ci#zen Science: Science as a Team Sport Julia K. Parrish College of the Environment, Univ. Washington [email protected]
Property of COASST, please do not use without permission
Informal Science
informa@on collected not
samples data
verifiable not
task educa@on & awareness
Ci0zen Science Ci0zen Engagement
Rigorous Ci0zen Science
not independent inquiry Personalized Ci0zen Science
deduc@ve Crowd Sourcing
Crowd Sourcing
Property of COASST, please do not use without permission
• measure and map precip (rain, hail, snow) • started in 1998 • 20,000 participants • dataset used to ground-truth, measure fine-scale
Community Collabora#ve Rain, Hail & Snow Network
Property of COASST, please do not use without permission
Galaxy Zoo
Volunteers sort through images of galaxies taken from the Hubble telescope and classify them based on shape.
• >250,000 par@cipants • World's largest database of galaxy
shapes. • Each photo inspected by mul@ple par@cipants to calculate confidence
Property of COASST, please do not use without permission
Plankton Portal – Crowd Sourcing Iden@fica@on and Measurement
Property of COASST, please do not use without permission
Property of COASST, please do not use without permission
Property of COASST, please do not use without permission
1
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1000000
1 10 100 1000
Theobald, E<nger, et al. Biol. Cons. 2015
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1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 Spa@al Extent (“up to” km bins) Longevity (years) Cu
rren
t Par@cipants (v
alue or m
edian)
Ci#zen Science Scales of Par#cipa#on
25+ years fine grain, broad extent
Property of COASST, please do not use without permission
Coastal Observation and Seabird Survey Team
Property of COASST, please do not use without permission
• 16 years • 2,500 people trained • 850 current par@cipants • 520 sites from Mendocino to Kotzebue • 50,000 carcasses found • 167 species
We Are...
as of November 2014 Property of COASST, please do not use without permission
type foot 1
bill:‘hairline’ to Pp of bill
wing: wrist to Pp of longest primary
foot: ankle joint to knuckles
2 take 3 measurements
3 photograph w/ scale & plumage characters
Property of COASST, please do not use without permission
par@cipants collect data
par@cipants enter data online
COASST verifies ALL data
www.coasst.org COASST Reports special projects &
data requests
early warning for avian influenza (w/ WDFW)
remote community involvement (w/ AK Sea Grant) western grebe popula@on gene@cs (w/ PRBO ConservaPon Science)
oil spill baseline (w/ NOAA)
fishery bycatch baseline in the Salish Sea (w/ WDFW, CWS)
harmful algal blooms (w/ OCNMS, UCSC, USGS)
effects of climate (w/ BeachCOMBERS, JISAO, NOAA)
entanglement rates (w/ GFNMS, BeachCOMBERS)
public, scien@fic, and academic talks
in-‐community COASST training in-‐community COASST refreshers
in-‐community COASST socials phone, email, facebook interac@on w/ COASST view and/or download from www.coasst.org
par@cipants (e)mail datasheets & photos
to COASST
How Does COASST Work?
Property of COASST, please do not use without permission
Number of Birds Found
Accuracy Increases with Prac#ce (June 2008 – May 2012)
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650
% correct + correct unknown
% incorrect
Ra@o
of all Birds F
ound
Property of COASST, please do not use without permission
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1-‐4 6-‐12 24+ Var
Percen
t of P
rojects
Number of Samples Annually
4+
3
2
1
Sampling Rate and Reten#on (sweet spots?)
Debey, Burgess, et al. in prep
annual sporadic, once
half-‐life of par@cipants, in years
Property of COASST, please do not use without permission
COASST Par#cipant Time cumulaPve hours scaled to individual rectangle area, colored by year joined; 2112 people
Jane Dolliver, COASST; as of April 2013
2006
2009
2013
2003
1999
2012
2002
2007
2000
2005
2004
2008
2001
2011
2010
Property of COASST, please do not use without permission
100
75
50
25
0 5/15 6/6 6/28 7/28 8/11
Survivorship (%
)
Date (2014)
D. Harvell, C. Gomes Cornell; C. Friedman, B. Swalla, J.K. Parrish UW
Sea Star Was#ng Disease (2014)
Property of COASST, please do not use without permission
Design
Development
Delivery
Post-‐processing
Publica@on/Use
Iden@fy precision level • % change needed • % error tolerated
Match sampling scale to ques@on/issue • extent • grain • longevity • frequency
Match task(s) to par@cipant ability
verifica#on procedure
training • expert-‐designed • in-‐person • on-‐line
par#cipant tes#ng • pre & post-‐training • in program (accuracy)
materials crea@on • “grandma-‐tested” protocol • cost scalable • simple and tough
N ceiling: • par@cipant limits • number of par@cipants
N floor: • system variability
intersects
Data Inges@on
peer-‐review
transcrip#on error eval • contemporaneous collec@on/entry • post-‐event entry
Data Quality Tipping Points in Ci#zen Science
analy#c approach
sampling error design • mul@ple data collectors • evidence • over-‐sampling
Property of COASST, please do not use without permission
advanced skills, deduc@on, mental models
Task Complexity
Sample Size (sites, par@cipants)
staPsPcal pruning
record verificaPon
“thinking” outsourced to scienPsts
“push bupon”
small, local
large, regional-‐global
why do it?!?
parPcipant profiling
Verifica#on Procedures in Ci#zen Science
Property of COASST, please do not use without permission