Civilian Humanitarian Agencies

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Civilian Civilian Humanitarian Humanitarian

AgenciesAgencies

Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian AssistanceCenter for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

MPAT TE-12MPAT TE-12

11 June 200711 June 2007

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Objectives

Objectives:•Introduction to the Cluster Approach to humanitarian crises responses;

•Introduction to Cluster Lead Agencies in a disaster response;

•Introduction to Non-Governmental Organizations [“NGOs”]; and

•Introduction to donor agencies.

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Objectives





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Cluster Approach – Why it was developed

Humanitarian Agencies’ & Mandates:

MigrationMigration

ChildrenChildren

Food aidFood aid

RefugeesRefugees

HealthHealth

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“Sectors” – examples:•Food aid;•Education;•Water, sanitation & hygiene;•Shelter;•Health;•Protection, etc.

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Humanitarian Agencies’ Mandates:

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Humanitarian Agencies’ Mandates:

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Former Emergency Relief Coordinator [ERC], Mr. Jan Egeland

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Traditional sector leads:

•Agriculture – FAO•Education – UNICEF•Food – WFP•Refugees – UNHCR

Technical Issues:•Emergency Shelter:

– Conflict – UNHCR– Disasters - IFRC

•Health – WHO•Nutrition – UNICEF•WASH – UNICEF

Cross-cutting issues:•Camp Coordination & Management:

– Conflict – UNHCR– Disaster – IOM

•Early Recovery – UNDP•Protection

– Conflict IDPs – UNHCR– Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP

Common Services:•Emergency Telecommunications:

– OCHA – owner– UNICEF – data services– WFP - security

•Logistics – WFP

Sector & Cluster Leads

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Objectives





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FAO – Agriculture Sector

Food & Agricultural Organization of the United Nations:

•Founded in 1945.•Mandate: Achieve food security for all.•4 main areas of activity:

–Agricultural information source;–Sharing agricultural policy expertise;–Providing a common forum for nations;–Bringing agricultural practices knowledge to the field.

•Sector lead for agriculture.–Works with WFP in crises responses.

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UNICEF –Education, Nutrition, WASH, Protection

(Disasters) & Telecommunications (Data Services) Clusters

United Nations Children’s Fund•Presence in over 140 countries.•Convention on the Rights of the Child.•Cluster Lead for:

–Education;–Nutrition;–Water, Sanitation & Hygiene Promotion [“WASH”];

•Cluster Co-Lead for:–Telecommunication (Data Services);–Protection (Disasters).

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WFP –Food Aid Sector;

Telecommunications (Security) & Logistics Clusters

World Food Programme•Established 1963.•Tasked with providing food aid and support development through food.

•In 2005, WFP food aid reached 96.7 million people in 82 countries.

•Operates in 82 countries:–100 relief operations in 73 countries;–27 development projects & 35 country programmes in 49 countries.

•Sector lead for Food Aid; •Cluster lead for Telecommunications (Security) & Logistics.

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WFP –Food Aid, Telecommunications

Security & Logistics

WFP [cont.]:•Operates:

–UNHAS – UN Humanitarian Air Service;

–UNJLC – UN Joint Logistics Center:Mandated to logistics information management support and services;

–OTS – Ocean Transport Service.

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UNHCR –Refugees sector, Protection

cluster

United Nation High Commissioner for Refugees:

•Mandated by the UN to protect refugees.•Protecting 20.8 million people.•Focus – Prevention of refoulement•263 offices in 116 countries•Staff of 6,689; budget of US$ 1.35 billion•Refugee sector lead•In disasters, Cluster Co-Lead for Protection;

–In conflict situations, Cluster Lead for Emergency Shelter, Camp Coordination and Protection.

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– Conflict – UNHCR– Disaster – IOM – Early Recovery – UNDP

•Protection – Conflict IDPs – UNHCR– Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP





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IFRC –Emergency Shelter Cluster

Lead (Disasters)

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

•Founded in 1919•Consists of 185 national societies, a Secretariat and 60+ delegations worldwide

•Works with & assists national societies with:

•Cluster Lead for Emergency Shelters in disasters.

-Promoting humanitarian principles & values

-Disaster preparedness

-Disaster response -Health & care in the community

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National RC/RC Societies:Palang Merah Indonesia

Palang Merah Indonesia•185 National Red Cross or Red Crescent societies

•1 national society in a country – either Red Cross or Red Crescent

•Auxiliaries to public authorities in their country

-Membership open to all without discrimination

-Work throughout the country

-Promoting humanitarian principles & values

-Health & care in the community

-Disaster response -Disaster preparedness

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– Conflict – UNHCR– Disaster – IOM – Early Recovery – UNDP

•Protection – Conflict IDPs – UNHCR– Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP





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WHO –Health Cluster

World Health Organization•Established 1948•“Specialized Agency” under Art. 57 of the UN Charter

•Mission: Attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health

•Operations:–Health emergency relief kits–Providing medical supplies/assessments–Capacity building / training of health workers

•Lead Agency for the Health Cluster.

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IOM –Camp Coordination Cluster Lead

(Disasters)

International Organization for Migration •International organization with 120 member states.

•Leading international agency dealing with migration issues.

•Works with governments & civil society to:–Advance understanding of migration issues;–Encourage social and economic development through migration;

–Uphold human dignity and well-being of migrants.

•Cluster Lead for Camp Coordination & Management in disasters.

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UNDP –Early Recovery & Protection

(Disasters) Clusters

United Nations Development Programme•UN program working with 166 countries to find solutions to developmental challenges.•Focus on the UN Millennium Development Goals:

–Democratic governance;–Poverty Reduction;–Crisis prevention & recovery;–Energy & environment;–HIV/AIDS.

•Resident Representative:– Resident Coordinator [RC];–Humanitarian Coordinator [RC/HC];–Designated Official [DO].

•Early Recovery Cluster Lead Agency•Co-Lead for Protection (Disasters).

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OHCHR –Protection Cluster (Disasters)

United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights

•Established in 1994•Mandated to promote and protect rights of all people in the UN Charter, Universal Declaration of Human Rights & other laws and treaties.

•Operations–Advocacy–Monitoring–Reporting of violations–Coordinate Human Rights into UN programmes

•Protection Cluster (Disasters) Co-Lead Agency.

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OCHA –Telecomms (Owner) Cluster &

Coordination

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs• Created in 1998 out of UNDHA.• Tasked with coordination of humanitarian affairs in support of the

Sec.-Gen. by:– Developing common strategies;– Assessing needs and situations;– Convening coordination meetings;– Mobilizing resources;– Addressing common problems;– Administering Coordination tools & mechanisms.

• Led by Emergency Relief Coordinator, Sir John Holmes.• Operates:

– Humanitarian Information Centres – HIC– ReliefWeb– Virtual OSOCC

•Co-Lead for Telecommunications (Owner) Cluster•Mandated to coordinate humanitarian responses.

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Traditional leads:•Agriculture – FAO•Education – UNICEF

•Food – WFP•Refugees – UNHCR


– Conflict – UNHCR IFRC

– Disasters - IFRC•Health – WHO•Nutrition – UNICEF•WASH – UNICEF


– Conflict – UNHCR– Disasters – IOM Early Recovery

– UNDP•Protection






Overall coordination Overall coordination - OCHA- OCHA

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Objectives





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Non-Governmental Organizations –

NGOs

Non-Governmental Organizations:•Not an agency of a government or UN•Private humanitarian organizations established by individual charters –Diverse in size, organization, motive, resources, function and mission

•Funded by grants or private donations•National or international•Essential to humanitarian operations

–Primary “on-the-ground” humanitarian actors–First responders to arrive, last to leave –Implementing partners for UN and donor government projects

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Non-Governmental Organizations – NGOs

•Operate under core values:

•Need “humanitarian space” to operate – Freedom to independently:–Assess needs of beneficiaries–Operate and monitor programs–Maintain dialog with beneficiaries

-Humanity -Impartiality

-Neutrality -Independence

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Objectives





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Donors

Major Donors:•AusAID – Australian Council for International Aid

•CIDA – Canadian International Development Agency

•DfID – UK Dept. for International Development

•ECHO – European Community Humanitarian Office

•JICA – Japanese International Cooperation Agency

•USAID – United States Agency for International Development

•Private donations

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Objectives

Objectives:•Introduction to the Cluster Approach to humanitarian crises;




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Civilian Humanitarian Agencies

Discussion

www.coe-dmha.org

Documents

Civilian Humanitarian Agencies