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Civil War, Part II
How does the war effect civilians?
How does the South sink to it’s knees?
War on the HomefrontWar on the Homefront
• Lincoln and Davis suspend habeas corpus– allowed gov’t to hold citizens w/out formally
charging them w/ a crime
• N & S impose conscription (draft men army)
• 180,000 African Amer. fight for N– Segregated regiments, major discrimination
• POWs die in prisons (disease, starvation)
• Women = army nurses
• Confederate econ.: Inflation rises 7,000%!
• Congress (U.S.) collects income tax for 1st time!
Gettysburg 1863Gettysburg 1863
• Most decisive battle
• 90,000 Union troops vs. 75,000 Confederate troops
• 23,000 Union soldiers and 25,000 Confederate soldiers died
• Confederate army retreated South
• “Gettysburg Address”, speech made by Lincoln dedicating a cemetery (see page 177)
Battle at Gettysburg & Lincoln’s AddressBattle at Gettysburg & Lincoln’s Address
• July 1-3, 1863
• Gen. Lee vs Gen. Meade
• Gen. Lee loses
• 23,000 Union casualties (dead + wounded)
• 28,000 Confed. casualties
• November 1863: Lincoln delivers Gettysburg Address– Dedication of cemetery
Vicksburg, MSVicksburg, MS – July 4, 1863 – July 4, 1863
• Gen. Grant attacked and starved the town.– Confed’s surrender
• 1864 - Grant was appointed commander of all Union armies.
Gen.’s Grant & Sherman wage Total WarGen.’s Grant & Sherman wage Total War
• 1864, Grant apptd. William Tecumseh Sherman as commander of Mississippi division of U.S. Army.
• 1864: From Georgia to the Atlantic, Sherman’s men burn everything.
• 25,000 freed slaves follow him N
Lincoln re-elected in 1864Lincoln re-elected in 1864
• Lincoln thought he’d lose– people sick of war and casualties
• Grant & Sherman victories inspire the North
• Lincoln wins election!
April 3, 1865 The War EndsApril 3, 1865 The War Ends • Un. troops take Richmond, VA (Con. Capital)• Lee surrenders @ Appomattox Court House, VA
• Grant and Lee meet
• Terms of surrender were generous
• Confederate soldiers were permitted to return home
Human EffectsHuman Effects
• The Union Army: 2,500,000 to 2,750,000 men. – Battle deaths:110,070– Disease, etc.:250,152– Total: 360,222
• The Confederate Army: 750,000 to 1,250,000. – Battle deaths:94,000– Disease, etc.:164,000– Total: 258,000
Effects of Civil WarEffects of Civil War
• Federal Gov’t became stronger
• Economic gap widens b/t North and South
• War technology develops– Rifle, soft-lead bullets (more destructive)– Ironclad ship
• 13th Amendment, Dec. 1865: Outlaws slavery and indentured servitude
Lincoln AssassinatedLincoln Assassinated
Lincoln’s AssassinatedLincoln’s Assassinated
• April 14, 1865 at Ford Theatre in Washington
• John Wilkes Booth (a Southern sympathizer) shot Lincoln in the back of the head.
• He was caught and killed 12 days later.