+

Civil Rights Movement

+ Bellringer

Which development following World War II caused the urban-suburban pattern shown in the diagram?

a.  increase in the number of farms

b. expansion of highways and automobile ownership

c. movement of most factories to rural areas

d. decline in the number of middle-income families

+ Learning Targets

■ U9T8 - I can discuss the impact of major people and events in the Civil Rights movement of the 50s/60s. (Martin Luther King Jr., the Freedom Riders, Emmitt Till, and Brown v. Board of Education)

■ U9T9 - I can compare/contrast Civil Disobedience with revolutionary disobedience (MLK vs. Malcolm X)

+ Flashback!

■  What time frame of US History are we in? ■  What’s happening globally? ■  What’s happening at home?

+ Jim Crow South Recap

■  Jim Crow laws: ■  Laws that separated Whites

and Blacks in public, school, and work.

■  Created literacy tests for uneducated citizens (almost always Black) who wanted to vote.

+ Southern Justice/Emmett Till

■  Lynching (hanging and beating) African Americans was used as a means of deterring unwanted behavior or as justice for a “crime”.

■  Emmett Till: ■  http://www.npr.org/templates/story/

story.php?storyId=14904083

+ Two Leaders, Two beliefs

■  Believed in peaceful protests and non-violent boycotts/marches.

■  Civil Disobedience ■  Refusal to obey laws deemed

unethical or wrong.

■  Based around the belief that through Civil Disobedience, African Americans could obtain the rights of Whites.

■  Believed in Black Supremacy, a united Africa, and aggressive reactions to violence by Whites.

■  Revolutionary Disobedience ■  That change can only happen through

revolution.

■  African Americans must fight back against Whites and racism, not “turn the other cheek.”

■  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3W1vEP_hl2o

Martin Luther King Malcolm X

+ Compare and Contrast MLK Jr. & Malcolm X:

■  Complete the Venn Diagram on your notes.

■  Be prepared to discuss!

+ Think-Pair-Share

1.  Take 5 minutes and discuss with your group members the two different Civil Rights leaders.

2.  On a scrap piece of paper write down the pros and cons of each leaders strategies and message.

3.  Once you have gotten a list, decide which your group thinks has the more effective way of promoting Civil Rights.

+ Montgomery Bus Boycotts ■  There were segregation laws on buses. ■  African Americans had to sit in the back of

the bus if a white person wanted their seat in the front.

■  Rosa Parks (NAACP member) refused to get up and was arrested for not following the law.

■  After her arrest the NAACP held a boycott of the public transit system.

■  The young Reverend Martin Luther King Jr would take charge and the boycott lasted 381 days ■  City relented and bus segregation ended.

■  Why was this an effective way to protest for Civil Rights?

+ Freedom Riders

■  Started by MLK, the idea was to ride south and ensure integration on interstate buses was being enforced. ■  The Montgomery Bus Boycott led to

federal law against segregation on buses, but many states ignored the laws.

■  Led to acts of violence against the freedom riders.

+ Restaurant Sit-ins

■  Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).

■  Trained students in civil disobedience: ■  Do not use violence!

■  Students sit in restaurants who won’t serve African Americans.

■  1500 students were arrested, but many restaurants in the South abandoned their rules on segregation.

■  Why were sit-ins effective?

+ Brown Vs. Board of Education

■  Brown v. Board of Education ■  Overturned Plessey v. Ferguson supreme

court case that said “Separate but equal”. ■  Illegal to segregate public schools.

■  Schools must integrate “with all deliberate speed.”

■  Segregation was fought for over a decade leading to many struggles in the South. ■  https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=oodolEmUg2g

+ Birmingham Youth March

■  Birmingham the most segregated city.

■  Many went to jail for participating in non violent resistance to segregation.

■  1,000 African American youths marched to the city center with MLK.

■  News stations captured the violent actions by police towards the children. ■  Used attack dogs and high powered

hoses.

+ March on Washington

■  250,000 people march in Washington D.C. ■  Largest public gathering in U.S.

history.

■  Gave his historic “I have a dream…” speech. ■  Https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vDWWy4CMhE

■  Showed public support for the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

+ Civil Rights act of 1964

■  Signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson, it outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. ■  Desegregated schools, workplace, and

public facilities. ■  Outlawed unequal voter registration

laws.

■  President Johnson states after signing, “We have lost the South for a full generation.”

+ MLK Assassination

■  MLK was visiting Memphis as part of a sanitation workers strike.

■  His last speech was given the night before and is known as the “I’ve Been to the Mountaintop” address.

■  On April 4, 1968 while standing on his hotel balcony he was shot and killed by James Earl Ray.

■  MLK’s assassination sparked over riots in over 100 cities across the nation.

+ Civil Rights today:

■  Do all people have equality today? What are some groups still fighting for equal rights?

■  Do you think America will ever be a place where all people are equal?

+ Exit Slips