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City of Westminster

The City of Westminster (   i/ˈwɛstmɪnstər/) is an Inner

London borough which occupies much of the central area

of Greater London  including most of the West End. It

is to the west of and adjoining the ancient  City of Lon-

don, directly to the east of the  Royal Borough of Kens-

ington and Chelsea, and its southern boundary is the

River Thames. It was created with the 1965 establish-

ment of  Greater London. Upon creation, Westminster

was awarded city status, which had been previously held

by the smaller Metropolitan Borough of Westminster.

Aside from a number of large parks and open spaces, thepopulation density of the district is high. Many sites com-

monly associated with London are in the borough, includ-

ing  St. James’s Palace, Buckingham Palace, the Houses

of Parliament, and 10 Downing Street. The borough is di-

vided into a number of localities including the ancient po-

litical district of Westminster around the Palace of West-

minster; the shopping areas around Oxford Street, Regent

Street, Piccadilly and Bond Street; and the night time en-

tertainment district of Soho. Much of the borough is res-

idential, and in 2008 it was estimated to have a popula-

tion of 236,000. The local authority is Westminster City

Council.

1 History

The origins of the City of Westminster pre-date the

Norman Conquest of England. In the mid-11th Century

king Edward the Confessor began the construction of an

abbey at Westminster, only the foundations of which sur-

vive today. Between the abbey and the river he built a

palace, thereby guaranteeing that the seat of Government

would be fixed at Westminster, and inevitably drawingpower and wealth west out of the old City of London.[2]

For centuries Westminster and the City of London were

geographically quite distinct. It was not until the six-

teenth century that houses began to be built over the ad-

joining fields, eventually absorbing nearby villages such

as   Marylebone   and   Kensington, and gradually creating

the vast Greater London  that exists today. Westminster

briefly became a city (in the sense of the seat of a bishop)

in 1540 when Henry VIII created the short-lived Diocese

of Westminster.

The present-day City of Westminster as an administra-

tive entity with its present boundaries dates from 1965,when the City of Westminster was created from the for-

mer area of three metropolitan boroughs: St Marylebone,

Paddington, and the smaller  Metropolitan Borough of

Westminster, which included Soho, Mayfair, St. James’s,

Strand, Westminster, Pimlico, Belgravia, and Hyde Park.

This re-structuring took place under the London Govern-

ment Act 1963, which significantly reduced the number

of local government districts in London, resulting in local

authorities responsible for larger geographical areas and

greater populations.

The Westminster Metropolitan Borough was itself the re-

sult of an administrative  amalgamation which took place

in 1900. Sir John Hunt O.B.E was the First Town Clerkof the City of Westminster, 1900–1928.

Prior to 1900, the area occupied by what would become

the Metropolitan Borough of Westminster had been ad-

ministered by five separate local bodies: the Vestry of

St George Hanover Square, the Vestry of St Martin in

the Fields, Strand District Board of Works, Westminster

District Board of Works and the Vestry of Westminster

St James.

The boundaries of the City of Westminster today, as well

as those of the other London boroughs, have remained

more or less unchanged since the Act of 1963.

2 Demography

According to the 2011 census, the city had a population

of 219,396. Approximately 61.6% of the population are

White (British: 35.2%,  Irish: 2.3%, and Other White:

24.1%). 14.6% are of any Asian ethnicity (Including Chi-

nese), 7.5% Black,7.2% Arab, 5.2% Mixed, and 3.9%

belong to other racial groups.

3 Governance

3.1 Local government

The city is divided into 20   wards, each electing three

councillors. Westminster City Council is currently com-

posed of 48 Conservative Party members and 12 Labour

Party members.[3][4]

A  Lord Mayor   is elected annually to serve as the offi-

cial representative of the city for one year. See List ofLord Mayors of Westminster for a list of former Mayors

(1900–1965) and Lord Mayors (1965 to date).

1

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2   5 ECONOMY 

3.2 UK Parliament

4 Districts

Main article: List of districts in the City of Westminster

The City of Westminster covers all or part of the follow-

ing areas of London:

•   Bayswater

•   Belgravia   (shared with the Royal Borough of Kens-

ington and Chelsea)

•   Covent Garden (shared with the London Borough of 

Camden)

•   Fitzrovia (shared with the London Borough of Cam-

den)

•  Hyde Park

•   Knightsbridge   (shared with the   Royal Borough of 

Kensington and Chelsea)

•  Lisson Grove

•   Maida Vale

•   Mayfair

•   Marylebone

•   Millbank

•   Paddington

•   Pimlico

•  St James’s

•  St John’s Wood

•   Soho, including Chinatown

•   "Theatreland"

•   Victoria

•   Westbourne Green

•   West End (shared with the London Borough of Cam-

den)

•   Westminster City Centre

5 Economy

The City of Westminster is home to a large number of

companies. Many leading global corporations have cho-

sen to establish their global or European headquarters in

the City of Westminster.   Mayfair and St. James’s within

the City of Westminster also have a large concentration

of hedge fund and private equity funds. The West End

is known as the Theatre District and is home to many of

the leading performing arts businesses.   Soho and its ad-

joining areas house a concentration of media and creative

companies.  Oxford Street is one of the leading shopping

destinations in the world. The list of companies includes

BP head office in St. James’s  , City of Westminster 

The Economist Building, St James’s Street 

•   BAE Systems   has its head office in

Westminster[5][6][7]

•   BBC has its head office in the Broadcasting House[8]

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3

•   BP   has its global headquarters in   St. James’s,

Westminster.[9][10]

•  Houlihan Lokey, the international investment bank,

has its London offices at 83   Pall Mall, London,

Westminster.[11]

•  Pearson PLC and subsidiary Penguin Group: head-

quartered in a facility in Westminster.[12][13]

•  Rio Tinto Group, a multinational Australian-British

company, has its UK head office in Westminster.[14]

•  Economist Group, publisher of  The Economist  and

other materials, is headquartered in Westminster.[15]

•   Kingfisher plc   has its head office in  Paddington,

Westminster[16]

•   SABMiller has its head office in Westminster.[10][17]

•   British American Tobacco has its head office in the

Globe House in the City of Westminster.[18]

•  Marks & Spencer has its head office in the Waterside

House.[19]

•   Swire Group   has its head office in the Swire

House[20]

•  Pret a Manger has its head office in Westminster.[21]

•   Rolls-Royce Group   has its head office in

Westminster.[22]

•   Global Infrastructure Partners   has an office in

Westminster.[23]

•   EasyGroup has its head office in Mayfair, City of

Westminster.[24]

•   Gulf Oil International  has its head office in the

city.[25]

•   AstraZeneca   has its head office in

Westminster.[10][26][27]

•   Informa has its London office, including its Investor

Relations and Media Centre departments, in the In-forma House[28]

•   Petrofac possesses an office on Jermyn Street, near

Oxford Circus.

•   Acknowledging Youths has its head office in Pimlico

Resource Centre

•  Northrop Grumman has its UK offices in Clareville

House.[29]

•  Korean Air has its European head office in the City

of Westminster.[30]

•   Iraqi Airways has its London sales office in the IKB

House in City of Westminster.[31]

The Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office, London  is

in Westminster.[10][32]

Companies that previously had their head offices in

the City of Westminster include Imperial Chemical

Industries (ICI),   British Aircraft Corporation,[10][33]

British Midland (Portland House),

[34]

British United Air-ways,[35] British Mediterranean Airways,[36] Cadbury,[37]

Diageo,[38] BAA Limited,[10][39][40] Lloyd International

Airways,[41] and P&O Princess Cruises.[42] In addition,

Iran Air previously had its Piccadilly main sales office in

the city.[43][44]

6 Landmarks

Piccadilly Circus 

Main article: List of tourist attractions in Westminster

Further information:  List of roads in the City of West-

minster

The City of Westminster contains many of the most fa-

mous sites in London. Some of the popular tourist sites

are Buckingham Palace, Palace of Westminster (Houses

of Parliament) and   Big Ben  and nearby  WestminsterAbbey.

6.1 Parks and open spaces

Main article: Westminster parks and open spaces

These include Green Park, Hyde Park, Kensington Gar-

dens, Regent’s Park and St. James’s Park. In addition to

parks and open spaces within the borough, the City ownsand maintains East Finchley Cemetery and crematorium

in the London Borough of Barnet.

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4   8 EDUCATION 

London Marylebone

7 Transport

7.1 Bridges

These include   Chelsea Bridge,   Grosvenor Bridge,

Vauxhall Bridge,  Lambeth Bridge,  Westminster Bridge,

Hungerford Bridge and Waterloo Bridge, listed west to

east (downstream).

7.2 National Rail stations

Stations include:   London Charing Cross; serving the

South Eastern Main Line   via South East London and

Kent.   London Marylebone; serving the  Chiltern Main

Line   via North East London, the West Midlands and

Birmingham.   London Paddington; serving the  Great

Western Main Line   via South West England, Wales

and Heathrow Airport and London Victoria; serving the

Brighton Main Line and the Chatham Main Line. These

are all main London termini stations.

7.3 London Underground

The City of Westminster is served by 27 tube stations,

and 10 of the 11 Underground lines (the  Waterloo and

City line is the exception).

7.4 Electric charging points

Westminster City Council now has electric vehicle charg-

ing points in 15 locations through the city (13 car parks

and two on-street points). Users pay an annual feeto cover administration costs to register and use the

points.[45]

7.5 Travel to work

In March 2011, the main forms of transport that residents

used to travel to work were: underground, metro, light

rail, tram, 21.0% of all residents aged 16–74; on foot,

9.3%; bus, minibus or coach, 9.3%; driving a car or van,

6.0%; work mainly at or from home, 5.5%; bicycle, 3.1%;train, 3.0%.[46]

8 Education

The main entrance to the London School of Economics 

Main article: List of schools in the City of Westminster

Westminster Children’s Services administers many pri-

mary and secondary schools. In addition, there are sev-

eral state-funded faith schools, primarily Church of Eng-

land (CE), and Roman Catholic (RC), but Christian non-

denominational (ND) schools are also in the borough,[47]

and there are several non-profit-making junior and senior

independent schools.

8.1 Universities and colleges

•   The University of Westminster  has its three cam-puses in the borough; 309 Regent Street (with 4-12

/ 16 Little Titchfield Street and 32 / 38 Wells Street

buildings uniting under the same campus), 115 New

Cavendish Street, and 25 Marylebone Road.

•   The Strand campus of King’s College London is lo-

cated within the district.

•   The London Business School, in Regent’s Park.

•   The London School of Economics, at Clare Market,

near Aldwych.

•   The   Royal Academy of Music, on   Marylebone

Road.

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5

•  University of the Arts London  has constituent col-

leges in Millbank (Chelsea College of Art and De-

sign) and Oxford Street (London College of Fash-

ion).

•   The Courtauld Institute of Art, in Somerset House,

Strand.•   Brigham Young University   London Centre, on

Palace Court.

•   The northern half of   Imperial College London's

main South Kensington campus lies within the bor-

ough.

•  City of Westminster College is a further education

college with campuses on Paddington Green and at

Queens Park. It also owns the   Cockpit Theatre,

which is used as a training and performance venue.

•   Regent’s College, whose campus is within the

grounds of Regent’s Park, which houses:  European

Business School London;   Regent’s American Col-

lege London;  Regent’s Business School; School of

Psychotherapy and Counselling; Webster Graduate

School; Internexus, a provider of English language

courses.

•  Westminster Kingsway College  is a further educa-

tion college with centres in   Soho   and  Victoria   in

Westminster. It also has centres in Camden.

8.2 Public libraries

The London Library, an independent lending library, is

at 14 St. James Square.[10][48]

The city operates one reference library, the Westmin-

ster Reference Library.[49] City-operated public lending

libraries in Westminster include:

•  Charing Cross Library[50]

•  Church Street Library[51]

•  The Maida Vale Library[52]

•  Marylebone Library[53]

•   Mayfair Library[54]

•  Paddington Library[55]

•  Pimlico Library[56]

•  Queen’s Park Library[57]

•  St. John’s Wood Library[58]

•  Victoria Library[59]

In addition the city has two specialist libraries, the West-

minster Music Library, the largest music library in theUnited Kingdom,[60] and the Westminster Chinese Li-

brary in the Charing Cross Library.[61]

Charing Cross Library

9 Home ownership

In terms of tenure, the borough ranks highest on one stan-

dard criteria in analysing   housing   supply and demand,

the proportion of private rented accommodation relative

to other types of housing in England. This is indicative

of a high density of development and higher investment

demand relative to other districts in England and most

of the 15 highest-ranking local authorities are boroughs

of Greater London.   Tourism also increases the propor-

tion of willing third-party landlords, as the two authori-

ties which are outside of London in the list are England’s

largest south coast holiday resorts.

10 International relations

10.1 Twin towns – sister cities

•   Sylhet, Bangladesh

11 See also

•  History of local government in London

•  History of London

•  London Government Act 1963

•   London Underground

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6   13 NOTES 

Methodist Central Hall Westminster   is part of the   Methodist 

Church of Great Britain.

•   River Westbourne

•  Tri-borough shared services

•   Westminster

•   Westminster City Council

•  Westminster St Margaret and St John

12 References

•   Gray, Robert,  A History of London, Hutchinson &

Co, London, 1978, ISBN 0-09-133140-4

13 Notes

[1]   2011 Census: Ethnic group, local authorities in England 

and Wales ,   Office for National Statistics   (2012). See

Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom for the

full descriptions used in the 2011 Census.

[2] Gray, p. 68

[3]   City Council Elections 2010 - Results   at westmin-

ster.gov.uk

[4]   Previous Elections   (for by-election results) at westmin-

ster.gov.uk

[5] "Company Info.”   BAE Systems. Retrieved on 31 Au-

gust 2011. “Registered office 6 Carlton Gardens, London,

SW1Y 5AD, United Kingdom”

[6] "London > BAE Systems plc.” BAE Systems. Retrieved

on 31 August 2011. “BAE Systems plc Address London

- Stirling Square Carlton Gardens London SW1Y 5AD

United Kingdom "

[7] "Head Office.”   BAE Systems. Retrieved on 31 August

2011. “As you might expect, our London Head Office

is the base for our Executive Board and for other senior

group managers in strategic roles.” and “Head Office is lo-

cated in Central London but also has a number of support

functions and functional specialists based in Farnborough,

Hampshire.”

[8] "Terms and Conditions.”  BBC. Retrieved on 6 January

2010. “British Broadcasting Corporation Broadcasting

House, Portland Place, London, W1A 1AA.”

[9] "Contact BP in the United Kingdom.” BP. Retrieved on18 August 2009.

[10] "Maps.” City of Westminster. Retrieved on 28 August

2009.

[11] ".” BP. Retrieved on 22 December 2011.

[12] "Investor Contacts.” Pearson PLC. Retrieved on 28 Au-

gust 2009.

[13] "26. What is Penguin Books Limited’s company registra-

tion number?.” Penguin Books. Retrieved on 28 August

2009.

[14] "Contact Us.”  Rio Tinto Group. Retrieved on 9 April2010. “Rio Tinto plc head office 2 Eastbourne Terrace

London W2 6LG UK”

[15] "Locations.” Economist Group. Retrieved on 12 Septem-

ber 2009. “The Economist Group 25 St James’s Street

London, SW1A 1HG United Kingdom”

[16] "Kingfisher Group.” Kingfisher plc. Retrieved on 2 Febru-

ary 2011. “Corporate Responsibility Kingfisher plc 3

Sheldon Square Paddington London W2 6PX.”

[17] "United Kingdom.” SABMiller. Retrieved on 20 October

2009. “SABMiller plc Head office One Stanhope Gate

London W1K 1AF England”

[18] "Contact us.” British American Tobacco. Retrieved on 15

December 2009.

[19] "Company > Contacts.” Marks & Spencer. Retrieved on

21 June 2010.

[20] "Contact Information JOHN SWIRE & SONS OF-

FICES.” Swire Group. Retrieved on 12 September 2011.

“John Swire & Sons Ltd. Swire House 59 Buckingham

Gate London SW1E 6AJ England”

[21] "Welcome to Pret.”   Pret a Manger. Retrieved on 27

February 2010.

[22]  “Rolls-Royce headquarters”. Rolls-Royce Group plc. Re-

trieved 28 September 2010.

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7

[23] "Contact Us.” Global Infrastructure Partners. Retrieved

on 27 February 2010.

[24] "About Us.” EasyGroup. Retrieved on 10 March 2010.

[25] "Privacy Policy.” Gulf Oil International. Retrieved on 10

March 2010.

[26] "Legal Notice.” AstraZeneca. Retrieved on 12 March

2010.

[27] "United Kingdom.” AstraZeneca. Retrieved on 12 March

2010.

[28] "Global Contacts.”   Informa. Retrieved on 4 Febru-

ary 2011. “Head Office Gubelstrasse 11 CH-6300 Zug

Switzerland”

[29] "Company Locations.”  Northrop Grumman. Retrieved

on 6 September 2011. “Northrop Grumman Corporation

United Kingdom Headquarters Clareville House Oxendon

Street London SW1Y 4EL UK”

[30] "Company Info / Contact Info.” Korean Air. Retrieved on

30 August 2011. “Europe Headquarters 66/68 Piccadilly,

London, W1J 0HJ, U.K”

[31] "London Office.” Iraqi Airways. Retrieved on 30 August

2011. “Sales Office in London Address: IKB House 230

Edgware Road London , W2 1DW”

[32] "Contact Us.”   Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office,

London. Retrieved on 21 January 2009.

[33] Gardner, Charles. British Aircraft Corporation: A History.

Batsford, 1981.   40. Retrieved from Google Books on 1

September 2011. “The London headquarters chosen for

bac were at 100 Pall Mall - on the top floors of a new

concrete box which had sprung up on the site of the old,

historic (and bombed) Carlton Club. It was the view of

bac that small London headquarters[...]"

[34] “World Airline Directory.”   Flight International . 28

September 1967.   530. "Head Office:   78 Buckingham

Gate, London SW1”

[35] “World Airline Directory.”   Flight International . 28

September 1967.   530. "Head Office:   Portland House,

Stag Place, London SW1”

[36] “World Airline Directory.”   Flight International . 29

March-4 April1995. 62. “53 Mount Street, LondonW1Y5RE, UK”

[37] Muspratt, Caroline. "Cadbury swaps Mayfair for

Uxbridge.” The Daily Telegraph. 1 June 2007. Retrieved

on 27 April 2010.

[38] "Contact us.” Diageo. Retrieved on 15 December 2009.

“main content Diageo plc 8 Henrietta Place LONDON

W1G ONB”

[39] "BAA plc Head Office, Victoria, London.” BAA Limited.

Retrievedon 2 October 2010. “BAA plc 130 Wilton Road

London SW1V 1LQ:"

[40] "BAA Offices - Location Maps.” BAA Limited. 17March 2006. Retrieved on 2 October 2010. “BAA plc

Head Office, Victoria, London (121KB).”

[41] “World Airline Directory.” Flight International . 12 April

1962.   548. "Head Office: Princes House, 190/195 Pic-

cadilly, London Wl.”

[42] "Contact.”  P&O Princess Cruises. 5 June 2002. Re-

trieved on 19 September 2011. “P&O Princess Cruises

plc Registered office: 77 New Oxford Street London

WC1A 1PP UK”

[43] "IranAir moves to new offices.” Iran Air. Retrieved on 29

February 2012. “177-179 Hammersmith Road, London,

W6 8BS”

[44] "Ticket Payment Information.”   Iran Air. Retrieved on

29 February 2012. “Iran Air Sales Office, 73 Piccadilly,

London W1J 8QX”

[45]   City of Westminster: Additional on street charging points

for electric vehicles

[46]  “2011 Census: QS701EW Method of travel to work, lo-

cal authorities in England and Wales”. Office for National

Statistics. Retrieved 23 November 2013. Percentages are

of all residents aged 16–74 including those not in employ-

ment. Respondents could only pick one mode, specified

as the journey’s longest part by distance.

[47]  Westminster Education service accessed 17 May 2007

[48] "Visit.” The London Library. Retrieved on 21 January

2009.

[49] "Westminster Reference Library.” City of Westminster.

Retrieved on 21 January 2009.

[50] "Charing Cross Library.” City of Westminster. Retrieved

on 21 January 2009.

[51] "Church Street Library.” City of Westminster. Retrieved

on 21 January 2009.

[52] "Maida Vale Library.” City of Westminster. Retrieved on

21 January 2009.

[53] "Marylebone Library.” City of Westminster. Retrieved on

21 January 2009.

[54] "Mayfair Library.” City of Westminster. Retrieved on 21

January 2009.

[55] "Paddington Library.” City of Westminster. Retrieved on

21 January 2009.[56] "Pimlico Library.” City of Westminster. Retrieved on 21

January 2009.

[57] "Queen’s Park Library.” City of Westminster. Retrieved

on 21 January 2009.

[58] "St. John’s Wood Library.” City of Westminster. Re-

trieved on 21 January 2009.

[59] "Victoria Library.” City of Westminster. Retrieved on 21

January 2009.

[60] "Westminster Music Library.” City of Westminster. Re-

trieved on 21 January 2009.

[61] "Westminster Chinese Library.” City of Westminster.

Retrieved on 21 January 2009.

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8   14 EXTERNAL LINKS 

[62]  Office for National Statistics 2011 Census Key Statistics:

Tenure.

•   https://www.westminster.gov.uk/

hanwell-cemetery

14 External links

•   City of Westminster

•   Westminster, by Sir Walter Besant and Geraldine

Edith Mitton and A. Murray Smith, 1902, from

Project Gutenberg

•  Westminster City Council YouTube channel

•   West End Extra A local newspaper covering the City

of Westminster

Coordinates: 51°30′N 00°08′W / 51.500°N 0.133°W

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9

15 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

15.1 Text

•  City of Westminster  Source:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Westminster?oldid=663730467  Contributors:   Mark, SimonP, KF,Edward, Liftarn, Gabbe, Mac, Jdforrester, Andres, John K, EdH, Dcoetzee, Stevewestinlondon, Lfh, WhisperToMe, Steinsky, Astro-train, Morwen, Secretlondon, Jusjih, Francs2000, Sjorford, Globe199, ChrisO~enwiki, Timrollpickering, Wereon, MykReeve, Jooler,

Fabiform, Marnanel, Lupin, Satisam, VampWillow, Tagishsimon, Chowbok, Keith Edkins, Fys, Mgream, Rdsmith4, OwenBlacker, SamHocevar, MRSC, Joyous!, Martewa~enwiki, Kate, Sdrawkcab, Ham II, Chris j wood, Discospinster, Cnyborg, Gerry Lynch, SElefant,Kwamikagami, Nick Smale, Jammydodger, Dpaajones, Voyager, Peter Shearan, Mithent, DreamGuy, Deror avi, Bastin, Woohookitty,RHaworth, LoopZilla, Uncle G, Laurel Bush, Kostya, James26, Kbdank71, NebY, Jcmo, Tim!, Oliver Chettle, CalJW, JdforresterBot,Imnotminkus, Coolhawks88, Mahahahaneapneap, Diliff, Lofty, Hede2000, Stephenb, Aeusoes1, Ideru, Rayc, David Underdown, Franz-kafka, Orioane, Sotakeit, Chanheigeorge, A bit iffy, SmackBot, Skeezix1000, Kokoo, Hmains, Bluebot, Jprg1966, JaT~enwiki, ColoniesChris, Gsp8181, Zleitzen, Lozleader, Grover cleveland, Kippaxed, DinosaursLoveExistence, Sjoh0050, John, SilkTork, UpDown, Bjanku-loski06en~enwiki, Mr Stephen, AxG, Neddyseagoon, Asteuartw, Agilchrist, Birdhurst, Simply south, Cydebot, Esinem, Danrok, Icemanof-barcelona101, Christian75, DumbBOT, BenShade, After Midnight, Jed keenan, Thijs!bot, Headbomb, Stevvvv4444, Ablonus, Thingyma-jig, John Smythe, Kbthompson, El.Bastardo, Hassocks5489, Deflective, Fitnr, VoABot II, JamesBWatson, Kenaldinho10, Nyttend, Jatkins,The Anomebot2, Flaming Ferrari, R'n'B, Gammondog, Chaz1dave, Athaenara, Drasai, Acalamari, DjScrawl, SuzanneKn, Belovedfreak,Andy Marchbanks, One Night In Hackney, Meaningful Username, AlastairIrvine, Joseph Plotz, TXiKiBoT, Malinaccier, Bleaney, Deathar-dath, Motmit, Pilch62, Biscuittin, SieBot, Paulbrock, Adam37, Lightmouse, Millstream3, Presidentman, Anchor Link Bot, Ozeye, Jza84,Bigen182, Midx1004, Amazonien, TonyDodson, Beeblebrox, Kentem, Piledhigheranddeeper, Auntof6, TheGreenEditor, Njardarlogar,SchreiberBike, DumZiBoT, Darkicebot, Likelife, Kbdankbot, Ronhjones, Nomad2u001, Zarcadia, NjardarBot, LaaknorBot, Ayoopdog,

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15.2 Images

•   File:BPheadoffice.JPG Source:  https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/BPheadoffice.JPG License:   Public domain Con-

tributors:  Own work Original artist:   WhisperToMe

•  File:Big_Ben_Clear_Skies.JPG   Source:    https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Big_Ben_Clear_Skies.JPG   License: 

CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors:  Own work Original artist:  Lachlan Fearnley

•

  File:CharingCrossLibraryLondon.JPG Source:  https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/CharingCrossLibraryLondon.JPG License:  Public domain  Contributors:  Own work  Original artist:   WhisperToMe

•   File:City_of_Westminster_in_Greater_London.svg   Source:    https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/City_of_Westminster_in_Greater_London.svg   License:    CC BY-SA 3.0   Contrib-

utors:    This   vector graphics image   was created with   Adobe Illustrator.   Original artist: 

TUBS<a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:TUBS' title='User talk:TUBS'><img alt='Email Silk.svg' src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Email_Silk.svg/15px-Email

•   File:City_of_westminster_logo.svg   Source:    https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a2/City_of_westminster_logo.svg   License: 

Fair use Contributors: 

The logo is from the http://www.westminster.gov.uk/ website. http://www.westminster.gov.uk/ Original artist:  ?

•   File:Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster,_London_-_May_2007_icon.png   Source:    https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png  License:   CC BY 2.5  Contributors:   Thisfile was derived from:   Clock Tower - Palace of Westminster, London - May 2007.jpg : <a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster,_London_-_May_2007.jpg' class='image'><img alt='Clock Tower - Palace of West-minster, London - May 2007.jpg' src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007.jpg/50px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007.jpg'

width='50' height='100' srcset='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007.jpg/75px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007.jpg 1.5x,https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007.jpg/100px-Clock_Tower_- _Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007.jpg 2x' data-file-width='2500' data-file-height='4986'/></a>Original artist:  Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster,_London_-_May_2007.jpg: Diliff

•   File:Commons-logo.svg Source:  https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License:  ?  Contributors:  ?  Original 

artist:  ?

•   File:Economist_building_London4.jpg   Source:    https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Economist_building_London4.jpg License:  CC BY 2.0 Contributors:  the smithsons, peter and alison smithson, economist building, london 1959-1964  Original 

artist:   seier+seier

•   File:Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg Source:  https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg License:   Cc-by-sa-3.0 Contributors:  ?  Original artist:  ?

•  File:LSE_main_entrance.jpg   Source:    https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/LSE_main_entrance.jpg   License:    CC

BY-SA 3.0 Contributors:  Own work Original artist:  Umezo KAMATA

•   File:Marylebone_station_01.jpg  Source:   https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Marylebone_station_01.jpg   License: 

CC BY 2.5 Contributors:  Own work Original artist:  Oxyman

7/18/2019 City of Westminster

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/city-of-westminster 10/10

10   15 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES 

•   File:Methodist_Central_Hall.JPG   Source:    https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Methodist_Central_Hall.JPG   Li-

cense:  CC BY-SA 2.0 de  Contributors:  Self-photographed Original artist:  Gt-man

•   File:Open_Happiness_Picadilly_Circus_Blue-Pink_Hour_120917-1126-jikatu.jpg   Source:    https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Open_Happiness_Picadilly_Circus_Blue-Pink_Hour_120917-1126-jikatu.jpg   License:    CC BY-SA 2.0Contributors:   Flickr: Open Happiness Original artist:   Jimmy Baikovicius

•   File:Parliament_at_Sunset.JPG   Source:    https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Parliament_at_Sunset.JPG   License: 

Public domain Contributors:  Own work Original artist:  Mgimelfarb

•   File:Speakerlink-new.svg Source:  https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Speakerlink-new.svg License:  CC0  Contribu-

tors:  Own work Original artist:  Kelvinsong

•   File:Westminister.jpg Source:  https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Westminister.jpg  License:  CC BY-SA 2.5  Con-

tributors:  http://www.openstreetmap.org/browse/relation/51781 Original artist:  OpenStreetMap contributors - edited by SilkTork

15.3 Content license

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