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ANNEXURE A
CITY OF TSHWANE
WATER SERVICES DEVELOPMENT PLAN
2017 - 2021
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CITY OF TSHWANE WATER SERVICES DEVELOPMENT PLAN – EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Contents Contents ................................................................................................................................................................. ii LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF MAPS ......................................................................................................................................................... iv
1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Purpose of the Water Service Development Plan .................................................................................... 7 1.2 Processes followed when developing the Water Service Development Plan .......................................... 7 1.3 Executive summary of the Water Service Development Plan .................................................................. 7
2 CITY OF TSHWANE – GENERAL BACKGROUND ................................................................... 8 2.1 Water supply and sanitation boundaries ................................................................................................. 8 2.2 Topography and hydrology ...................................................................................................................... 8 2.3 Climate and rainfall .................................................................................................................................. 8 2.4 Population and Demographics ................................................................................................................. 9 2.5 Land use ................................................................................................................................................... 9 2.6 Spatial Development Framework ........................................................................................................... 10
3 BACKGROUND TO MASTER PLANNING ........................................................................... 15 3.1 Water Infrastructure Planning ............................................................................................................... 15 3.2 Sewer Infrastructure Planning ................................................................................................................ 16
4 WATER NETWORK .......................................................................................................... 17 4.1 Current Demand ..................................................................................................................................... 17 4.2 Water Service Level ................................................................................................................................ 17 4.3 Future Demand ...................................................................................................................................... 17 4.3.1 Infilling of vacant stands ........................................................................................................................ 17 4.3.2 Spatial Development Framework and Future Water Requirements....................................................... 18 4.4 Water Resources .................................................................................................................................... 18 4.5 Network Overview and Existing Infrastructure ...................................................................................... 20 4.5.1 Bulk System ............................................................................................................................................ 20 4.5.2 Reticulation ............................................................................................................................................ 21 4.6 Future Water Infrastructure Requirements ........................................................................................... 21 4.7 Overview of Key Water Projects ............................................................................................................ 21 4.8 Water Loss and WCWDM ....................................................................................................................... 26 4.9 Potable Water Quality ............................................................................................................................ 26
5 Sewer Network .............................................................................................................. 28 5.1 Present Peak Day Dry Weather Flows .................................................................................................... 28 5.2 Sewer Service Level ................................................................................................................................ 28 5.3 Future Peak Day Dry Weather Flows ...................................................................................................... 28 5.3.1 Infilling of vacant stands ........................................................................................................................ 28 5.3.2 Spatial Development Framework and Future Sewer Flows .................................................................... 29 5.4 Network Overview and Existing Infrastructure ...................................................................................... 29 5.5 Future Sewer Infrastructure Requirements ........................................................................................... 30 5.5.1 Waste Water Treatment ........................................................................................................................ 30 5.6 Overview of key Sewer Projects ............................................................................................................. 30 5.7 Discharge Water Quality ........................................................................................................................ 37
6 Special considerations: Water Resource Master Plan ...................................................... 38 6.1 Background............................................................................................................................................. 38 6.2 Current WWTWs and sewer flow ........................................................................................................... 38 6.3 Future water demand and sewer flows ................................................................................................. 39
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6.4 Current bulk water Master Plan and its requirement for future water resources ................................. 40 6.5 Current sewer reticulation and WWTW Master Plan ............................................................................. 40 6.6 Water resource analysis ......................................................................................................................... 41 6.6.1 Surplus yields in the Crocodile River basin .............................................................................................. 41 6.6.2 Deficit in the Olifants River basin ........................................................................................................... 41 6.7 Proposed Expansion of Rietvlei WTP (with transfer from Olifantsfontein WWTW) .............................. 42 6.8 Proposed Expansion of Roodeplaat WTP ............................................................................................... 42 6.9 RW Augmentation to Cullinan and Bronkhorstspruit............................................................................. 43 6.10 Cost Analysis ........................................................................................................................................... 43 6.10.1 WRMP Unit costs .................................................................................................................................... 43 6.11 RW Bulk Supply Comparison .................................................................................................................. 44 6.12 Conclusion from WRMP ......................................................................................................................... 44 6.13 Implementation of the WRMP – first 5 Years ........................................................................................ 44
7 FINANCIAL ..................................................................................................................... 48
8 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................................... 49
APPENDIX 001: CITY OF TSHWANE CAPEX AND OPEX .................................................................. 50 Capital Projects ..................................................................................................................................................... 51 Historical Opex Budget and Expenditure .............................................................................................................. 55
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LIST OF TABLES Table 2.01: Dwelling types in City of Tshwane ..................................................................................................... 10 Table 4.01: Current water service levels .............................................................................................................. 17 Table 4.05: City of Tshwane historical Blue Drop status ...................................................................................... 27 Table 5.01: Current sewer service levels .............................................................................................................. 28 Table 5.03: Regional Sewer Master Plan cost requirements for entire planning horizon .................................... 32 Table 5.04: Regional Sewer Master Plan cost requirements for next 5 years ...................................................... 32 Table 5.05: CoT existing and future WWTW’s and capacities .............................................................................. 33 Table 5.06: Green Drop history and targets ......................................................................................................... 37 Table 6.01: Water Requirement Projections (million kl/annum) ......................................................................... 39
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.01: City of Tshwane’s population and population growth rate, 2011–2015 ............................................ 9 Figure 4.01: City of Tshwane Present and Future reliance on Water Sources ..................................................... 19 Figure 4.02: City of Tshwane historical Non-Revenue Water ............................................................................... 26 Figure 7.01: Historic W&S Capex budget and spend ............................................................................................ 48
LIST OF MAPS Map 2.01: CoT area of jurisdiction areas within the water drainage (catchment) areas ..................................... 11 Map 2.02: Topograhy ........................................................................................................................................... 12 Map 2.03: Spatial Development Framework ........................................................................................................ 13 Map 2.04: Developments anticipated in the next 5 Years ................................................................................... 14 Map 4.01: Layout of Current City of Tshwane Water distribution network ......................................................... 23 Map 4.02: Master Plan for entire water network ................................................................................................ 24 Map 4.03: 5 Year Master Plan for water network ................................................................................................ 25 Map 5.01: Layout of Current CoT Sewer network ................................................................................................ 34 Map 5.02: Master Plan for entire sewer network ................................................................................................ 35 Map 5.03: 5 Year Master Plan for sewer network ................................................................................................ 36 Map 8.01: Water and Sanitation: Deficient Bulk Capacity Impact Areas…………………………………………………………. 55
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS:
a – annum
AADD – Annual Average Daily Demand (water)
ADDWF – Average Day Dry Weather Flow (sewerage)
BD – ‘Blue Drop’
BH – borehole
CAPEX – capital expenditure
CBD – Central Business District
CoT – City of Tshwane
d – day
DWA – Department of Water Affairs
ERWAT – East Rand Water Care Association
FDA – Future development area
GD – ‘Green Drop’
GIS – Geographic information system
ha – hectare
IDP – Integrated Development Plan
kl/d – kilolitres per day
km – kilometre
LDO – Land Development Objective
l/s – litres per second
LM – Local Municipality
m – metre
m – month
MAWIGA – Mabopane/Winterveldt/Ga-Rankuwa
MIS – Management information system
ML – Megaliters
ML/d – Megalitres per day
Mm3/a – Million cubic metres per annum
MP – Master Plan
MW – Magalies Water
NRW – Non-revenue water
OPEX – operational expenditure
PDDWF – Peak Day Dry Weather Flow (sewerage)
RDP – Reconstruction and Development Plan
PPP – Public-Private Partnership
PV – Present Value
R – Rand
RW – Rand Water
s – second
SDA – Sewer Drainage Area
SDF – Spatial Development Framework
UAW – Unaccounted-for-water
UDS – Urine Diversion System
UH – Unit Hydrograph (pattern of flow)
UWD – Unit Water Demand
W&S – Water & Sanitation Division
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WCWDM – Water Conservation and Water Demand Management
WDZ – Water distribution zone
WLM – Water Loss Management
WRMP – Water Resources Master Plan
WSA – Water Services Authority
WSDP – Water Services Development Plan
WTP – Water Treatment Plant (potable water)
WWTW – Waste water treatment works
y – year
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1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose of the Water Service Development Plan The Water Services Development Plan (WSDP) is a regulatory requirement of the Water Services Act
and deals with the long term planning for the provision of water supply and sanitation services.
1.2 Processes followed when developing the Water Service Development Plan The WSDP has to conform to the prescribed format of the National Department of Water & Sanitation
(DWS). This format stipulates the uploading of a geodatabase and population of various
spreadsheets/data tables on the website. Once complete, the WSDP document is generated
automatically, in PDF format, on the website. This PDF document has to be considered and approved
by DWS and City of Tshwane (CoT), which then constitutes the official WSDP of the Water Services
Authority (WSA) for the CoT.
The WSDP databases and tables information are gathered from the CoT current models and master
plans, together with the approved Integrated Development Plan (IDP) projects and budgets.
1.3 Executive summary of the Water Service Development Plan
The populating of the WSDP geodatabase, website and PDF document follow a separate but parallel
process to the one followed here in producing the Executive Summary of the CoT Water and Sanitation
systems and master plans.
This document has been prepared specifically as a precursor to the pending City of Tshwane (CoT)
Water Services Development Plan (WSDP), with the intention being that it acts as an interim executive
summary to the WSDP. A specific focus of the document is to assess the development requirements
and consequent Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) requirements for the next 5 years, with a view to
achieving the objectives of the 2017/21 Integrated Development Plan (IDP). The National DWS
geodatabase and website will then be populated and aligned to the approved Executive Summary.
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2 CITY OF TSHWANE – GENERAL BACKGROUND
2.1 Water supply and sanitation boundaries
The areas of jurisdiction for City of Tshwane (CoT) that this report is based on, as well as its 7
administrative regions, are shown on Map 2.01. CoT shares boundaries with Johannesburg and
Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipalities, and Bojonala, Moretele, Bela-Bela, Dr. JS Moroka, Thembisile,
Emalahleni and Delmas Local Municipalities (LM).
Certain portions of the Moretele LM water systems are linked to or supplied from the Tshwane bulk
system. The same applies to the Madibeng LM. A small rural portion of Midrand in City of
Johannesburg is supplied from the Tshwane bulk water system. Certain portions of the Midrand area
sewer systems discharge into the Tshwane sewer system. In the Bronkhorstspruit area, two large
diameter pipes that are jointly supplied from RW and CoT feed into Thembisile.
2.2 Topography and hydrology
The general topography of the CoT area is shown on Map 2.02. The general fall of the land is from
high areas in the south and east, to lower lying areas in the north. The main features of the
topography, which have a bearing on bulk water supply, are as follows:
The Magaliesberg, along which a large number of reservoirs have been constructed.
The Waterberg, along which a large number of reservoirs have been constructed.
The Schurveberg.
The Bronberg.
Higher lying areas east of the Magaliesberg, where Cullinan and Bronkhorstspruit are located.
The main rivers and springs, along which most of the outfall sewers flow are also shown on Map 2.02.
The main features of the topography, which have a bearing on outfall sewer, are as follows:
The Sesmylspruit and Hennopsriver drain from the Rietvlei dam to the Hartebeespoort dam.
The Moot, which is a valley between the Magaliesberg and the Waterberg, drains westward
towards the Hartebeespoort dam.
The Apies- and Pienaars rivers north of the Magaliesberg.
Smaller springs in the MAWIGA/Soshanguve/Nuwe Eersterus area, which all drain north-
westwards to the Crocodile River.
Bronkhorstspruit and the Bronkhorstspruit dam.
The Honds River which bisects Bronkhorstspruit.
The Elands River east of Cullinan/Rayton/Refilwe.
2.3 Climate and rainfall
CoT has a moderate climate, with warm, sometimes hot and humid summers, and cool to warm, dry,
crisp winters. The mean annual rainfall precipitation in the region is ± 700 mm, decreasing somewhat
to the north and northwest. Precipitation occurs mainly during summer in the form of thunderstorms,
which often results in sewer ingress, which cause sewerage system overflows.
The onset of summer, during September/October is normally fairly hot and also prior to the start of
the rainy season. It is during this period that water demand is at a peak, mainly due to irrigation of
gardens. Prolonged periods of drought can occur from time-to-time. This results in an area wide
shortage of water and consequently water use restrictions are implemented. Climate change
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exaggerate these existing water related challenges and create new ones, which are related to climate
variability due to extreme weather events and changing rainfall seasons/patterns.
2.4 Population and Demographics The current population of CoT is estimated to be in the order of 3.2 million. Figure 2.01 shows the
most recent available figures on the CoT population and growth rates. In-migration is a significant
contributor to the growth.
Figure 2.01: City of Tshwane’s population and population growth rate, 2011–2015
The CoT population is characterised by cultural variety, consisting of several black ethnic groups,
coloureds, a relatively small oriental and Indian population, as well as a white population, which
includes descendants and immigrants of various European nations.
2.5 Land use
The CoT area covers approximately 6 370 km2. Approximately 20% of the area is urbanised, followed
by open space (8%) and vacant state owned land (7%). The rest (± 65%) is mostly agricultural land.
The developed residential land consists mainly of ± 550 000 single dwelling units. In addition, there
are ± 70 000 group/duplex (cluster housing) units, and ± 75 000 units in high-rise flats. There are many
relatively large areas on which informal residential settlements have been established. The number
of informal dwellings in Tshwane is estimated at ± 150 000 to 200 000. Many of these settlements are
on undevelopable land (dolomites, steep slopes, mining rights, etc.) and need to be relocated. Table
2.01 gives an indication of the dwelling type distribution within CoT.
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Population 2 829 507 2 921 204 3 007 655 3 087 974 3 161 809
Population growth rate (%) 3,5% 3,2% 3,0% 2,7% 2,4%
0,0%
0,5%
1,0%
1,5%
2,0%
2,5%
3,0%
3,5%
4,0%
0
500 000
1 000 000
1 500 000
2 000 000
2 500 000
3 000 000
3 500 000
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Table 2.01: Dwelling types in City of Tshwane
Dwelling type Number Percentage of total
House on stand 558 136 61.20%
Traditional dwelling 3 916 0.40%
Flat 74 488 8.20%
Townhouse 68 345 7.50%
Backyard room 34 224 3.80%
Informal dwelling 164 001 18.00%
Caravan/tent 674 0.10%
Other 7 698 0.80%
The major retail and office space areas are in the Pretoria Central Business District (CBD) as well as in
the Hatfield and Menlyn areas, east and south east of Pretoria. Other notable areas are Centurion City
and the Akasia CBD. There are also smaller commercial centres in Cullinan, Rayton and
Bronkhorstspruit.
The most important industrial areas are in Rosslyn, Pretoria Industrial, Waltloo, Garankuwa Industrial,
and Babelegi. Large-scale industrial developments are also currently taking place in the south of
Centurion adjacent to the Ben Schoeman highway (e.g. Samrand). There are also smaller industrial
centres in Rayton and Bronkhorstspruit.
2.6 Spatial Development Framework
CoT has an approved Spatial Development Framework (SDF), which has been interpreted by the Water
and Sanitation Division (in consultation with the CoT Town Planners) to result in the identification of
2400 potential Future Development Areas (FDA), including potential densification of existing
developments. Each of these FDA’s has been assigned an anticipated implementation year, land use,
density and Unit Water Demand (UWD), which is represented per unit or per hectare. The potential
FDA’s also include the in-situ upgrading of developable informal settlements, and the relocation of
informal settlements on undevelopable land, as per the Tshwane Housing Strategy.
Map 2.03 shows the FDA’s themed per land use and on Map 2.04 those anticipated to develop in the
next 5 years. Some of the “hot spots” on this map, where there is a distinct lack of bulk water
infrastructure, includes West Centurion, Soshanguve East, and Bronkhorstspruit.
11
Map 2.01: CoT area of jurisdiction areas within the water drainage (catchment) areas
12
Map 2.02: Topography
13
Map 2.03: Spatial Development Framework
14
Map 2.04: Developments anticipated in the next 5 Years
15
3 BACKGROUND TO MASTER PLANNING The Water and Sewer Master Planning process involves an assessment of the current and future water
and sanitation requirements of City of Tshwane (CoT) for a 45-50 year planning horizon. The scope of
this document is only for the following 5 years, however it is necessary to be cognisant of the full
master plan process, as many of the 2017/21 CAPEX requirements form part of long term strategies.
The water and sewer master plans pursue the following objectives:
Conformity with pre-defined operational requirements and standards.
Optimal use of existing facilities with excess capacity.
Optimisation with regards to capital, maintenance and operational cost.
Conformity with the Land Development Objectives (LDO's).
In addition, the master planning process is informed by the following high level planning objectives at
CoT:
Water security and assurance of supply.
Meeting ‘blue drop’ and ‘green drop’ status.
Water born sewers and tap water to all formal areas.
Basic water to all informal settlements.
Institutional Design Criteria; such as the required emergency storage at reservoirs, special
standards in dolomite areas, etc.
A brief summary of how this is achieved in the context of water and sewer is described below under:
3.1 Water Infrastructure Planning
The existing water systems are evaluated on the basis of their maximum potential present Annual
Average Daily Demand (AADD), i.e. as though all presently developed stands are occupied and are
using water in accordance with the calculated Unit Water Demands (UWD). For the planning of future
systems, AADD’s of all potential future developments and upgraded informal areas are added to the
system. The only way to assess the existing network and the impact of likely future developments at
the required level of detail is through the use of computerized hydraulic modelling. Accordingly, city-
wide hydraulic models of the existing and future networks are maintained and updated on a quarterly
basis.
The network’s compliance with operational criteria such as maximum and minimum pressure,
maximum allowable flow velocities, required pump capacities and reservoir storage capacity is
assessed in the context of both the current and future network demands. Infrastructure requirements
(subsequently referred to as Master Plan (MP) items) are generated on the basis of (1) shortcomings
and backlogs in the existing network, and (2) those which are required to enable future development.
Additional drivers for change in the Master Plan include strategic/aspirational requirements for the
network, such as the minimisation of supply zones fed directly off a bulk pipe, pressure reduction and
a decreased reliance on external bulk supply. Priorities are assigned to MP items in accordance with
how urgently they are required, denoted by the suggested year of implementation.
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3.2 Sewer Infrastructure Planning
The master planning process for the sewer systems follows the same philosophy as described for
water. Existing systems are evaluated on the basis of their maximum potential present Peak Day Dry
Weather Flow (PDDWF) and for the planning of future systems, PDDWF’s of all potential future
developments and upgraded informal areas are added. To enable this, computerized city-wide
hydraulic models of the existing and future network are maintained and updated on a quarterly basis.
The operational and design parameters for assessing sewer systems include criteria such as minimum
pipe spare capacity, maximum and minimum flow velocities, pump station capacities and Waste
Water treatment Work (WWTW) capacity. As with water, MP items are generated on the basis of (1)
shortcomings and backlogs in the existing network, and (2) those which are required to enable future
development.
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4 WATER NETWORK
4.1 Current Demand
On the basis of bulk water meter information from all the City of Tshwane’s (CoT’s) water sources, the
year 2016 Annual Average Daily Demand (AADD) was 920 ML/d, which include external supplies to
Johannesburg (Midrand), Moretele, Madibeng and Thembisile. With some adjustments for
rationalisation of Unit Water Demands (UWD’s), meter inaccuracies and water losses the current
theoretical AADD for the CoT water system is estimated at 924 ML/d.
CoT has approximately 720 000 formal water customers on 580 000 stands in the billing systems. In
addition, CoT monitors water supply to 200 000 informal settlements units. External supplies to
Madibeng, Moretele, Thembisile and Johannesburg (Midrand) are also monitored and billed. The
current CoT water loss figure of 27% is the difference between the bulk water inputs from all the water
sources, and the billed or monitored (metered) supply to customers and informal areas.
For purposes of evaluating and planning the CoT water and sanitation systems, it has been assumed
that the long term water loss figure can be brought down to 20% through Water Conservation and
Demand Management (WCWDM) – see Chapter 4.8.
4.2 Water Service Level
The current water service levels in CoT are given in Table 4.01.
Table 4.01: Current water service levels
Description 2016 (Dwellings)
WATER (ABOVE MIN. LEVEL)
Piped water inside yard/dwelling 630 349
Using public tap (within 200m from dwelling) 53 772
Minimum Service Level and Above sub-total 684 121
Minimum Service and Above Percentage 86%
WATER (BELOW MIN. LEVEL)
Using public tap (more than 200m from dwelling) 6 725
Other water supply (more than 200m from dwelling) 102 172
Below Minimum Service Level sub-total 108 897
Below Minimum Service and Percentage 14%
Total number of households* 793 017
4.3 Future Demand
Future demands for CoT are determined on the basis that current unoccupied stands will become
occupied, and the future expansion of the network and densification of existing development will
occur in accordance with the approved Spatial Development Framework (SDF).
4.3.1 Infilling of vacant stands
There are many developed unoccupied vacant stands in CoT. Such stands have been identified from
the billing systems. If a theoretical UWD is applied to these stands they can contribute a further 164
ML/d (including losses) to the present AADD. This will result in a total potential fully occupied AADD
of 1 088 ML/d based on the extent of the current network.
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4.3.2 Spatial Development Framework and Future Water Requirements
The future development areas (FDA) are based on the SDF, which are anticipated to develop over a
horizon of 45 years. The FDA’s will add a net contribution of 1 478 ML/d to the future AADD. With an
additional growth in the water supply to external areas, the potential future AADD is estimated to
increase from the existing 924 ML/d to 2 565 ML/d over the next 45y to 50y. This includes an AADD of
42 ML/d which will be generated in the Johannesburg water system, but needs to be accounted for in
that it will end up in the CoT sewerage system.
The water master plan for the CoT was therefore compiled for a future “ultimate” AADD of
2,591 ML/d, to be realised in 45 – 50 years from now. This development plan, however, focusses on
the requirements of the first 5 years.
4.4 Water Resources
The principle source of bulk water to the CoT is Rand Water, which accounts for 78% of the total bulk
input to the network. The existing system has 49 connections to the RW system, which imports water
from the Vaal River system. These connections mostly supply under pressure into CoT reservoirs and
water towers, but in some cases the pressure is utilised to supply directly into reticulation networks.
CoT Water Treatment Plants (WTP), which receive water extracted from local watercourses and
impoundments, provide a total of 16% of the bulk water used by the network. These WTPs include
Rietvlei, Roodeplaat, Temba, Bronkhorstspruit and a number of smaller package plants located around
Bronkhorstspruit dam. A further 1% is provided by Local WTP’s that are owned and operated by
Magalies Water, which include Klipdrift, Wallmannsthal and Cullinan WTP.
The remaining 5% of the bulk water requirement is made up by boreholes and springs. Significant
contributors in this regard are the Upper and Lower Fountains (which are essentially springs) which
have a reported assured yield of 22 ML/d, and Sterkfontein Spring which delivers ±4 ML/d. Rietvlei
springs also provide ±7 ML/d, however this is blended with the supply at Rietvlei WTP. The 16
boreholes in the network are widely distributed and generally supply water to rural and peripheral
areas, however a number of larger boreholes in the south of the network each contribute in excess of
1ML/d to the bulk system.
The potential growth in demand from the current 924 ML/d to 2 591 ML/d will have a significant
impact on the water resources and associated bulk infrastructure at CoT. The current Water MP
assumes that the majority of water supply will continue to be provided by Rand Water from the Vaal
River system. Significant capacity upgrades will also be required at almost all of the CoT and MW
WTP’s, as well as the bulk distribution and storage infrastructure required to convey this to the current
and future supply zones across the network.
Conservatively, the future reliance on springs and boreholes has been reduced due to the risk
associated with the impact of Climate Change and/or possible contamination. The loads on current
and future water resources are summarised in Table 4.02 and shown in Figure 4.01.
Note that an alternative Water Resources Master Plan (WRMP) has also been prepared, in which CoT
will endeavour to maximise their own resources without compromising the supply to future
developments elsewhere. This alternative WRMP is discussed in Chapter 6.
19
Figure 4.01: City of Tshwane Present and Future reliance on Water Sources
Table 4.02: City of Tshwane water resources (current Master Plan)
Water Resource
Present supply Future supply
Comment AADD (kl/d)
% AADD (kl/d)
%
Rand Water* 713 211 77.60% 2 022 366 78.04% From Vaal River via multiple RW bulk connection points
Rietvlei WTP* 34 512 3.76% 48 030 1.85% Values inc. blended supply from Rietvlei Springs
Rietvlei Springs - - - - Inc. in Rietvlei WTP supply
Roodeplaat WTP* 32 079 3.49% 110 747 4.27%
Temba WTP 40 379 4.39% 183 411 7.08%
Klipdrift WTP 3 031 0.33% 9 075 0.35% Owned by Magalies Water (MW)
Wallmannsthal WTP 4 426 0.48% 23 246 0.90% Owned by Magalies Water (MW)
Cullinan WTP 4 773 0.52% 37 272 1.44% Owned by Magalies Water (MW)
Bronkhorstspruit WTP 38 552 4.19% 109 260 4.22%
Bronkhorstbaai WTP 197 0.02% 4 165 0.16% Extended in future to consolidate WTP's around BHS dam
Summerplace WTP 82 0.01% - - Abandon in favour of extended BHBaai WTP
Kungwini Country Estate WTP 562 0.06% - -
Abandon in favour of extended BHBaai WTP
Aqua Vista WTP 248 0.03% - - Abandon in favour of extended BHBaai WTP
Clover Hill WTP 315 0.03% - - Abandon in favour of extended BHBaai WTP
Bayadam WTP - - 823 0.03% Future WTP
Fountains 37 940 4.13% 32 086 1.24% Only reliable yields assumed for future
Sterkfontein Spring - - - - Inc. in Fountains Supply
Rietvlei BH 5 348 0.58% 6 171 0.24%
Varsfontein BH 1 806 0.20% 2 059 0.08% Assumed unreliable in future - supply from RW
Kentron BH - - - - Assumed unreliable - supply from RW
Valhalla BH - - - - Assumed unreliable - supply from RW
Zonderwater BH - - - - Assumed unreliable - supply from Cullinan WTP
Onverwacht BH's 534 0.06% 734 0.03%
Sokhulumi BH's 1 088 0.12% 1 971 0.08%
TOTALS 919 084 100% 2 591 416 100%
Rand Water; 72,50%
CoT WTP; 18,80%
Boreholes and
fountains; 5,40%
Magalies WTP; 3,30%
City of Tshwane Present Water Sources
Rand Water; 78,00%
CoT WTP; 17,70%
Boreholes and
fountains; 1,60%
Magalies WTP; 2,70%
City of Tshwane Future Water Sources
20
4.5 Network Overview and Existing Infrastructure
Map 4.01 shows the layout of the complete CoT water system, inclusive of some cross-boundary
supplies. Table 4.03 below is a summary of the elements that make up the CoT system.
Table 4.03: Summary of City of Tshwane water network elements (as in model)
Elements Count Length (m) Capacity (kl; kl/d) Replacement Value (R) Pipe 11 301 601 R15 205 807 045
Check Valve 325 R39 814 764
Pump 219 R361 108 647
Valve(PRV) 305 R103 271 742
Valve(FCV) 162 R144 235 000
Valve(PSV) 6 R1 625 400
Valve(PBV) 1 R3 387 020
Valve(TCV) 1 R183 400
Subtotal 694 11 301 926 R15 859 433 018
Reservoir 170 1 913 656 R3 420 678 951
Tower 40 14 356 R196 809 386
Tank 8 130 R846 300
BPT 2 1 646 R12 582 024
Bulk connection 49 - R37 268 000
WTP 13 250 600 R1 855 028 333
Well 10 -
Borehole 16 -
Dam 7 60 000
River 2 16 000
Subtotal 317 R5 523 212 993
TOTALS R21 382 646 011
4.5.1 Bulk System
With reference to Table 4.03, the CoT existing bulk water distribution system serving the current AADD
of 924 ML/d consists of:
49 RW connections.
4 Major own WTP’s.
2 Minor own WTP’s.
3 MW owned WTP’s.
A few privately owned package WTP’s.
A number of fountains, BH’s and springs.
860 km of bulk pipelines (216km of which is external or privately owned).
170 storage reservoirs (19 of which are external or privately owned) on 119 sites with a total
capacity of 1,913 ML.
40 elevated water towers with total capacity 14 ML (8 of which are external or privately owned).
99 pumping stations (19 of which are external or privately owned).
235 primary WDZ’s (per reservoir, water tower, or direct link to bulk system).
The total replacement value of the bulk and raw water infrastructure is R8.7 billion. External or
privately owned bulk and raw water elements account for a further R1.7 billion.
21
4.5.2 Reticulation
The total length of reticulation network is approximately 10,400km, of which 600km is external or
privately owned. The total replacement value of the reticulation network (including associated valves,
tanks, etc.) is R10.4 billion. External or privately owned reticulation elements account for a further
R0.6 billion.
4.6 Future Water Infrastructure Requirements
Map 4.02 shows the water master plan for the entire horizon. A master plan cost summary per region
and system type is given in Table 4.04. The total capital requirement shown, in Table is R15.6 billion.
Assuming this is carried out over the planning horizon of 45 years, this equates to an annual spend of
R350 million/a.
Map 4.03 shows the water master plan for the next 5 years. When considering the next 5 years only,
Table 4.05 shows a capital requirement of R5.5 billion, resulting in a considerably higher annual spend
requirement of R1.1 billion/a. This reflects the high priority assigned in the master plan to address the
current backlog in infrastructure requirements.
If the effect of external bulk and private systems are omitted from the calculations, the annual spends
reduces to R297.7 million/a, for the entire MP horizon, and R822.2 million/a, for the next 5 years.
4.7 Overview of Key Water Projects A full list of Projects that are scheduled to begin within the next 5 years is provided in Annexure A. It
is beyond the scope of this report to discuss each of these individually, however the following major
(macro) projects warrant further discussion:
Themba WTP expansion due to water shortage (IDP-710878T).
Reservoirs at Mamelodi R5, Parkmore HL (Menlyn), Grootfontein, Mooikloof, Sunderland Ridge,
Highveld, Sekanpaneng, La-Montagne (Nelmapius), Pretoriusrand (Olievenhoutbosch) (IDP-
712534)
Extension of the Rietvlei WTP and Roodeplaat for purposes of water security
Pumping system from Roodeplaat WTP to Doornpoort East/West reservoirs & Roodplaat-
Doornpoort bulk pipe line (IDP-711335DP).
Upgrade Wallmannsthal WTP and pumps (BLK-WT-159) – Magalies Water.
Southerly reinforcement (phase 2) and easterly reinforcement of Bronberg (Kungwini) bulk
system (BLK-KW-081) and Extension of Bronberg (Kungwini) bulk from Goedemoed junction to
Mooiwater reservoir + new reservoir (phase 1) (BLK-KW-083).
Replacement and upgrading of deficient bulk pipelines (IDP-711335D).
Upgrade of bulk water supply pipeline from Mamelodi to Bronkhorstspruit (Ekangala) – Rand
Water
The listed projects have to be implemented by CoT but can be partly financed from bulk services
contributions by developers. There are also a number of projects included in the MP that pertain to
external Water Service Providers (viz. Magalies Water and Rand Water) but are critical to the
operation of the CoT system.
22
Table 4.04: Regional Water Master Plan cost requirements for entire planning horizon
Region Bulk External Bulk
External
Raw
External
Reticulation Private Bulk
Private
Reticulation Raw Reticulation Grand Total
Madibeng R2 273 880 R89 000 100 R38 910 900 R130 184 880
Moretele R0
Region1 R925 404 340 R9 728 880 R7 776 020 R573 300 R1 292 380 880 R2 235 863 420
Region2 R1 706 751 340 R517 999 160 R1 120 254 240 R3 345 004 740
Region3 R709 876 160 R1 694 000 R735 681 380 R1 447 251 540
Region4 R607 417 300 R1 694 000 R680 260 R973 605 640 R1 583 397 200
Region5 R464 531 340 R614 262 040 R4 693 220 R4 306 400 R826 807 660 R1 914 600 660
Region6 R1 692 906 180 R872 262 020 R242 620 R1 757 200 900 R4 322 611 720
Region7 R246 019 620 R3 872 400 R2 296 700 R332 624 600 R584 813 320
Grand Total R6 355 180 160 R2 110 512 600 R46 686 920 R4 693 220 R5 802 580 R2 296 700 R7 038 555 300 R15 563 727 480
Considering only first 5 years, the summary changes as follows:
Table 4.05: Regional Water Master Plan cost requirements for next 5 years
Region Bulk External Bulk
External
Raw
External
Reticulation Private Bulk
Private
Reticulation Raw Reticulation Grand Total
Madibeng R2 273 880 R72 597 140 R35 451 080 R110 322 100
Moretele R0
Region1 R313 400 500 R4 880 960 R329 000 R288 827 840 R607 438 300
Region2 R919 136 400 R259 153 720 R328 925 380 R1 507 215 500
Region3 R243 120 920 R178 059 420 R421 180 340
Region4 R286 048 140 R680 260 R130 603 900 R417 332 300
Region5 R353 177 580 R302 692 180 R4 693 220 R4 306 400 R75 279 540 R740 148 920
Region6 R494 520 180 R678 463 100 R102 200 R334 211 500 R1 507 296 980
Region7 R96 231 240 R2 463 860 R593 740 R66 821 160 R166 110 000
Grand Total R2 707 908 840 R1 315 370 000 R40 332 040 R4 693 220 R5 417 860 R593 740 R1 402 728 740 R5 477 044 440
23
Map 4.01: Layout of Current City of Tshwane Water distribution network
24
Map 4.02: Master Plan for entire water network
25
Map 4.03: 5 Year Master Plan for water network
26
4.8 Water Loss and WCWDM
Water Loss and Water Conservation and Water Demand Management (WCWDM) are not part of the
scope of this document but a cursory summary is relevant in the context of its impact on infrastructure
replacements and upgrades.
The CoT has actively been engaged in WCWDM activities for a number of years. In this regard the CoT
drafted their first WCWDM strategy in 2008 and revised it in September 2015, of which a copy is
available from the W&S Division upon request. The latest revision will be ready by September 2017.
The non-revenue water (NRW) component of the city is at 27.5% as at 31 January 2017. Figure 4.02
below depicts the fluctuations in the city’s NRW since January 2007:
Figure 4.02: City of Tshwane historical Non-Revenue Water
4.9 Potable Water Quality
Water Quality is not part of the scope of this document but a cursory summary is relevant in the
context of its impact on infrastructure upgrades and extensions.
CoT purchases more than 70% of all potable water from RW and is thus not responsible for the input
quality of this water. CoT does however have to ensure the quality of water from its own surface
water sources (WTP’s) and groundwater sources (fountains and boreholes). In addition, CoT has to
ensure that input water quality is maintained in the distribution system. To this end there is an
extensive monitoring system in place that is being managed from a laboratory at Rietvlei WTP. The
27
results of this monitoring system are uploaded to the DWS Blue Drop website, where it contributes
amongst other factors to the overall Blue Drop status of the CoT systems. Table 4.05 below
summarises the historical CoT Blue Drop performance:
Table 4.05: City of Tshwane historical Blue Drop status
Water Treatment Plants/ Supply Area
2010 BD Report
2011 BD Report
2012 BD Report
2013 BD Report
2014 BD Report
2015+ BD Reports
Tshwane Central and South (Rietvlei WTP and RW)
96,36% 97,22% 99,20% 99,50% 97,56% Not Assessed
Tshwane North (Roodeplaat WTP)
96,36% 95,48% 96,88% 97,00% 97,22% Not Assessed
CBD (mainly RW) 96,36% 92,22% 97,02% 98,00% 96,04% Not Assessed
Bronkhorstspruit WTP 41,25% 81,24% 95,33% 97,00% 96,08% Not Assessed
Temba & Klipdrift (MW) 96,36% 82,35% 93,50% 97,00% 88,97% Not Assessed
Cullinan WTP(MW) Not Assessed
Not Assessed
Not Assessed
Not Assessed
95,05% Not Assessed
Wallmansthal WTP (MW) Not Assessed
Not Assessed
Not Assessed
Not Assessed
90,02% Not Assessed
Blue Drop Achieved
No Blue Drop Achieved
28
5 Sewer Network
5.1 Present Peak Day Dry Weather Flows
Not all sewer flows in City of Tshwane (CoT) are bulk metered at Wastewater Treatment Work
(WWTW) inlets, and even where such bulk metering exists it is not always accurate. Therefore, a
straightforward application of bulk metered sewer flows, to determine an accurate present PDDWF,
for CoT is not possible.
Through various sewer flow monitoring programs, CoT has calibrated sewer flows generated by the
various land use types in the CoT with their typical Unit Water Demands (UWD’s). For this purpose,
Unit Hydrographs (UH’s) have been developed, which for planning purposes represent the peak day
volumes and patterns of sewer flow discharge for every typical land use unit in CoT. In addition,
parameters for groundwater infiltration and storm water ingress were also determined.
Applying these hydrographs and parameters to the existing water demands, and routing them through
a calibrated model of the entire CoT sewerage system, indicates a total existing Peak Day Dry Weather
Flow (PDDWF) of 557 ML/d for the CoT.
5.2 Sewer Service Level
The current sewer service levels in CoT are given in Table 5.01:
Table 5.01: Current sewer service levels
Description 2016 (Dwellings)
SANITATION/SEWERAGE (ABOVE MINIMUM LEVEL)
Flush toilet (connected to sewerage)* 582 994
Flush toilet (septic tank)^ -
VIP Pit toilet (ventilated) 4 975
Double vault UDS toilet (above min service level) 12 943
Minimum service level and above sub-total 600 912
Minimum service level and above Percentage 75%
SANITATION/SEWERAGE (BELOW MINIMUM LEVEL)
Bucket -
No toilet provision/Other toilet (below min service level) 185 289
Below Minimum service level sub-total 203 174
Below Minimum service level Percentage 25%
Total households** 804 085
5.3 Future Peak Day Dry Weather Flows
As done with the water network, future sewer flows for CoT are determined on the basis that current
unoccupied stands will become occupied and that the future expansion of networks and existing
development densifications will occur in accordance with the Spatial Development Framework (SDF).
5.3.1 Infilling of vacant stands
If a typical UH is applied to each of the currently vacant stands within developed areas in CoT, they
can contribute another 71 ML/d to the present PDDWF, for a total potential fully occupied present
PDDWF of 628 ML/d.
29
5.3.2 Spatial Development Framework and Future Sewer Flows
The 2400 future development areas (FDA’s) based on the approved Spatial Development Framework
(SDF) are anticipated to develop over a horizon of 45 years. Each of these FDA’s has been assigned an
anticipated land use, density, UH, additional sewer pipe length (for calculation of groundwater
infiltration) and implementation year.
Many of the FDA’s are existing informal areas, which currently have no flush sanitation, but are
earmarked to be in-situ upgraded to full service level.
The FDA’s will add a net contribution of 1192 ML/d PDDWF, together with the 71 ML/d PDDWF due
to occupation of existing vacant stands. This includes future developments in Johannesburg within
the Midrand region, which can generate a further 30 ML/d. The potential future PDDWF is therefore
estimated to increase from existing 557 ML/d to 1820 ML/d over the next 45y to 50y.
The Sewer MP for CoT was therefore compiled for future “ultimate” PDDWF of 1820 ML/d, to be
realised in 45 - 50 years from now. This development plan, however, focusses on the requirements of
the first 5 years.
5.4 Network Overview and Existing Infrastructure
Map 5.01 shows the layout of the complete CoT sewer system. As illustrated, the system comprises of
8 different main drainage areas.
Table 5.02, below is a summary of the elements that make up the CoT system. With reference to Table
5.02, the existing sewer system serving CoT consists of:
19 own WWTW’s
15 private or institutionally owned WWTW’s
8,987km of Gravity mains (of which 539 km is external or privately owned)
86km of rising main (18km of which is external or privately owned)
124 Pump structures (45 of which are external or privately owned
30
Table 5.02: Summary of City of Tshwane sewer network elements
Elements Count Length (m) Replacement Value (R)
Gravity Pipe 8 954 236 R19 940 725 874 Bridge Pipe 1 698 R11 738 263 Culvert/Sleeve Pipe 4 020 R16 960 741 Encased Pipe 15 752 R110 770 903 Siphon Pipe 10 774 R140 331 458 Tunnel Pipe 794 R46 606 082 Subtotals 8 987 274 R20 267 133 324 Rising Main 86 015 R213 061 625 Subtotals 86 015 R213 061 625 Manhole 160 365 R3 458 000 Sub-Catchment 7 R- End Manhole 16 R- Rodding Eye 7 599 R- Top End 1 920 R- T-Piece 143 R- Dummy 141 R- Flow Meter 6 R- Diversion 320 R79 205 000 Conservancy Tank 4 R3 076 189 Pump Structure 124 R227 858 456 WWTW 39 R7 555 571 646 Subtotals 170 684 R7 869 169 291 TOTALS R28 349 364 241
5.5 Future Sewer Infrastructure Requirements
Map 5.02 shows the sewer master plan for the entire horizon. A sewer master plan cost summary per
region and system type is given in Table 5.03 and Table 5.04.
The total capital requirement, shown in Table 5.03, is R22 billion. Assuming this is carried out over the
planning horizon of 45 years, this equates to an annual spend of R489 million/a.
Map 5.03 shows the sewer master plan for the next 5 years. When considering the next 5 years only,
Table 5.04 shows a capital requirement of R7.9 billion, resulting in a considerably higher annual spend
requirement of R1.6 billion/a. As with the water Master Plan, this reflects the high priority assigned in
the Master Plan to addressing the current backlog in infrastructure requirements.
If the effect of external bulk and private systems are omitted from the calculations, the annual spends
reduces to R485.7 million/a, for the entire Master Plan horizon, and R1.56 billion/a, for the next 5
years.
5.5.1 Waste Water Treatment
CoT is responsible for own waste water treatment and a large portion of the future required Capex is
for the provision of additional capacity. Table 5.05 lists the existing and future required capacities at
the CoT WWTW’s. Note that this list excludes a number of smaller privately owned WWTW’s.
5.6 Overview of key Sewer Projects
A full list of projects scheduled to begin within the next 5 years are provided in Annexure A. It is beyond
the scope of this report to discuss each of these individually, however the following major (macro)
projects warrant further discussion:
31
Extension of the existing 150 ML/day Rooiwal North WWTW sludge facility, with an additional
80ML/day Biochemical Nutrient Removal Module (IDP-710411D).
Extension of the existing 60 ML/day Baviaanspoort WWTW sludge facility, with an additional
40ML/day Biochemical Nutrient Removal Module (IDP-710411F1).
Extension of the existing 30 ML/day Zeekoegat WWTW sludge facility, with an additional
50ML/day Biochemical Nutrient Removal Module (IDP-710411B).
Backlog eradication projects in greater Temba and Ekangala (IDP-710878)
The listed projects all have to be implemented by CoT, but can be partly financed from bulk services
contributions by developers.
32
Table 5.03: Regional Sewer Master Plan cost requirements for entire planning horizon
Region Bulk Collector
External
Bulk
External
Collector
External
Reticulation
Private
Bulk
Private
Collector
Private
Reticulation Reticulation Grand Total
Johannesburg R25 842 700 R18 592 600 R10 697 600 R55 132 900
Madibeng R15 059 500 R15 059 500
Region1 R2 944 723 900 R314 391 900 R118 313 000 R3 377 428 800
Region2 R6 066 596 300 R411 186 000 R1 708 000 R1 026 000 R51 695 800 R6 532 212 100
Region3 R384 274 500 R196 794 700 R195 000 R54 795 400 R636 059 600
Region4 R3 075 378 300 R517 740 300 R8 277 500 R4 566 100 R80 710 200 R3 686 672 400
Region5 R2 218 186 900 R244 338 600 R1 839 600 R15 891 500 R2 137 400 R22 351 800 R2 504 745 800
Region6 R3 709 167 900 R327 089 200 R33 600 R1 714 100 R5 183 000 R11 909 000 R60 076 000 R4 115 172 800
Region7 R829 424 100 R221 877 700 R2 506 900 R6 159 500 R1 619 000 R8 275 300 R1 069 862 500
Grand Total R19 227 751 900 R2 233 418 400 R25 876 300 R33 652 100 R10 697 600 R7 768 600 R36 537 500 R20 426 500 R396 217 500 R21 992 346 400
Considering only first 5 years the summary changes as follows:
Table 5.04: Regional Sewer Master Plan cost requirements for next 5 years
Region Bulk Collector
External
Collector
External
Reticulation
Private
Bulk
Private
Collector
Private
Reticulation Reticulation Grand Total
Johannesburg R4 452 000 R1 197 200 R5 649 200
Madibeng R15 059 500 R15 059 500
Region1 R1 426 504 500 R196 838 600 R84 228 200 R1 707 571 300
Region2 R2 130 081 500 R101 468 600 R1 026 000 R10 470 700 R2 243 046 800
Region3 R261 237 500 R94 460 100 R195 000 R24 698 000 R380 590 600
Region4 R884 040 400 R59 748 600 R4 294 200 R155 800 R10 598 900 R958 837 900
Region5 R986 936 900 R114 759 900 R1 839 600 R15 891 500 R2 137 400 R13 785 500 R1 135 350 800
Region6 R923 720 000 R108 869 700 R1 714 100 R5 183 000 R11 321 000 R14 933 600 R1 065 741 400
Region7 R301 436 900 R74 346 400 R2 506 900 R1 423 800 R782 600 R380 496 600
Grand Total R6 913 957 700 R750 491 900 R19 511 500 R1 197 200 R6 060 600 R26 394 700 R15 233 000 R159 497 500 R7 892 344 100
33
Table 5.05: CoT existing and future WWTW’s and capacities
WWTW Name Current Capacity (Ml/d) Future Capacity (Ml/d)
Babelegi WWTW 2,300 3,000
Baviaanspoort WWTW 60,000 310,000
Bronkhorstspruit Dam WWTW - 3,000
Daspoort (East) WWTW 18,000 18,000
Daspoort (West) WWTW 42,000 42,000
Ekangala South WWTW 4,000 To be abandoned
Ekangala WWTW 10,000 16,000
Godrich WWTW 5,000 40,000
Klipgat WWTW 55,000 90,000
Lewzene WWTW - 12,000
Olifantsfontein WWTW - 12,500
Rayton WWTW 1,200 11,200
Refilwe WWTW 2,200 To be abandoned
Rethabiseng WWTW 2,000 To be abandoned
Rietgat WWTW 27,500 122,500
Rietvlei WWTW - 35,000
Rooiwal (East) WWTW 54,500 99,500
Rooiwal (North) WWTW 150,000 400,000
Rooiwal (West) WWTW 40,800 40,800
Sandspruit WWTW 20,000 65,000
Schurveberg WWTW - 50,000
Summerplace WWTW 300 To be abandoned
SunderlandRidge WWTW 95,000 210,000
Temba WWTW 12,500 92,500
Zeekoegat WWTW 30,000 160,000
34
Map 5.01: Layout of Current CoT Sewer network
35
Map 5.02: Master Plan for entire sewer network
36
Map 5.03: 5 Year Master Plan for sewer network
37
5.7 Discharge Water Quality
Water Quality is not part of the scope of this document but a cursory summary is relevant in the
context.
CoT discharges all its treated effluent into the Crocodile and Olifants River catchments. The effluent
quality is monitored by an extensive system that is managed by the laboratory at Daspoort WWTW.
The results of this monitoring system are uploaded to the DWS Green Drop website, where it
contributes amongst other factors to the overall Green Drop status of the CoT systems.
Table 5.03 below shows the improvements in achieving Green Drop status over the last 10 years as
well as the targets set for the immediate future.
Table 5.06: Green Drop history and targets
Green Drop Status Planning/Targets
Assessment period 2008-2009
2009-2010
2011-2012
2013-2014
2015-2016
2017-2018 2019-2020
Number
Wastewater Treatment Works Region
2010 Report
2011 Report
2013 Report
2015 Report
1 Babelegi 2 No GD No GD No GD No GD Green Drop
Green Drop Green Drop
2 Baviaanspoort 6 No GD No GD No GD No GD Green Drop
Green Drop Green Drop
3 Daspoort 3 Green Drop No GD No GD No GD
Green Drop
Green Drop Green Drop
4 Ekangala 7 No GD No GD No GD No GD Green Drop
Green Drop Green Drop
5 Godrich 7 No GD No GD No GD No GD No GD Green Drop Green Drop
6 Klipgat 1 No GD No GD No GD No GD No GD Green Drop Green Drop
7 Rayton 7 No GD No GD No GD No GD Green Drop
Green Drop Green Drop
8 Refilwe 7 No GD No GD No GD No GD No GD No GD Decommissioned
9 Rethabiseng 7 No GD No GD No GD No GD Decommissioned
10 Rietgat 1 No GD No GD No GD No GD No GD No GD Green Drop
11 Rooiwal East 2 No GD No GD No GD No GD Green Drop
Green Drop Green Drop
12 Rooiwal North 2 No GD No GD No GD No GD No GD Green Drop Green Drop
13 Sandspruit 1 No GD No GD No GD No GD No GD No GD Green Drop
14 Summer Place 7 No GD No GD No GD No GD Green Drop
Green Drop Green Drop
15 Sunderland Ridge 4 No GD No GD No GD No GD
Green Drop
Green Drop Green Drop
16 Temba 2 No GD No GD No GD No GD Green Drop
Green Drop Green Drop
17 Zeekoegat 5 Green Drop No GD No GD No GD
Green Drop
Green Drop Green Drop
Hennopsriver (New) 4
Green Drop Green Drop
Cullinan/Refilwe (New) 7
Green Drop Green Drop
Number of WWTWs 10 10 17 17 16 18 17
Number of Green Drops 2 0 0 5 10 15 17
38
6 Special considerations: Water Resource Master Plan
6.1 Background
In 2014, a study was completed concerning the possible upgrading or extension of City of Tshwane’s
(CoT) own water resources, with a view to reduce the dependence on imports from the Vaal River
basin (via Rand Water). It also concerned the Crocodile River basin and the Olifant’s River basin, which
both receive significant sewer return flows from Ekurhuleni, Johannesburg and CoT that influence the
yields of the local water resources and water allocations to downstream users.
The local water resource yields of the Crocodile River and Olifant’s River tributaries, which are the
sources for the main CoT and Magalies Water WTP’s, are all very much dependant on the above sewer
return flows (with Bronkhorstspruit WTP and Cullinan WTP being notable exceptions). Developing or
extending CoT’s own water resources will reduce the load on the Vaal River system (via Rand Water),
but as a result reduce the return flows into the Crocodile and Olifant’s River basins. A particular
constraint in this regard is the assurance of sufficient yield to enable water supply to the proposed
Eskom coal fired power plants in Lephalale via the Mokolo Crocodile Water Augmentation Project
(MCWAP).
In the Olifants River basin, all Department of Water Affairs (DWA) allocated licences for water
abstraction are already being exceeded and water is imported from the Vaal River via a 30 ML/d
pumping scheme that delivers water into the Ekandustria reservoirs, for on-supply to Thembisile.
The purpose of the water resource analysis was thus to establish the current and projected future
yields of local water resources, while incorporating the effect of current and future WWTW return
flow. This will confirm the possible upgrading or extension of CoT’s own water resources, while
maintaining the assurance of supply to the system downstream users.
The Master Plans generated and described thus far have been prepared on the basis that there would
not be significant restrictions on the availability of external bulk supply (Rand Water). The results of
the 2014 WRMP were incorporated into an alternative Master Plan for CoT that considers a restriction
of RW supplies, the results of which are described below:
6.2 Current WWTWs and sewer flow
The CoT straddles with water divide between the Crocodile River basin in the west, and the Olifants
River basin in the east. Approximately 505 ML/d is discharged into the rivers as sewer ADDWF returns.
Of this, 96% or the 485 ML/d ends up in the Crocodile River basin, and only 4% or 20 ML/d in the
Olifants River basin.
The main CoT WWTW’s discharging to the Crocodile River basin are Sunderland Ridge (95 ML/d),
Baviaanspoort (60 ML/d), Zeekoegat (30 ML/d), Daspoort (60 ML/d), Rooiwal (245 ML/d), Temba
WWTW (12 ML/d), Rietgat (27 ML/d), Sandspruit (20 ML/d) and Klipgat (55 ML/d). In addition,
ERWAT’s Olifantsfontein (105 ML/d) and Hartbeesfontein (45 ML/d) WWTW’s also discharge
Ekurhuleni’s sewer flow into the Crocodile River basin, upstream of CoT.
The main CoT WWTW’s that are discharging into the Olifants River basin are Cullinan (2 ML/d), Refilwe
(2 ML/d), Rayton (1 ML/d), Godrich (5 ML/d) and two maturation pond systems serving Ekangala.
39
6.3 Future water demand and sewer flows
In accordance with the CoT current water and sewer master plans, which are based on the approved
SDF, the CoT AADD is set to increase over the next 45y – 50y to 2591 ML/d, with concomitant increase
in ADDWF to 1593 ML/d. Note that these values assume a reduction of losses from the current 27%
to an anticipated 20%, on the basis of improved Water Conservation practices.
Table 6.01: Water Requirement Projections (million kl/annum)
Project description
2012 2013 2014 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Annual compound
growth (%)
CoT WRMP - High 336.837 349.148 361.459 373.769 435.323 496.877 558.43 61.984 2.6
CoT WRMP - Selected (Sc1) 323.713 332.854 340.995 357.633 407.363 454.489 501.825 542.632 2.24
DWA Recon 306.938 312.91 316.881 337.846 375.752 408.451 441.57 451.63 1.81
Theoretical - - 309.055 317.708 362.979 412.684 466.915 525.699 2.56
Theoretical (+neighbours) - - 331.878 340.531 362.979 412.684 466.915 525.699 2.21
Scenario A (301.149) (301.662) (301.903) 310.356 354.579 403.134 456.109 513.534 2.56
Scenario D (301.149) (301.662) (301.903) 311.262 362.593 420.345 487.295 563.538 3.02
Scenario E (301.149) (301.662) (301.903) 311.363 359.335 415.099 475.574 542.123 2.83
Scenario E with WCWDM (301.149) (301.662) (301.903) 309.591 348.703 397.38 457.855 524.404 2.66
Scenario D (+neighbours until 2020) (325.410) (325.710) (325.726) 334.085 362.593 420.345 487.295 563.538 2.66
Scenario E (+neighbours until 2020) (325.410) (325.710) (325.726) 334.186 359.335 415.099 475.574 542.123 2.47
Scenario E with WCWDM (+neighbours until 2020) (325.410) (325.710) (325.726) 332.414 348.703 397.38 457.855 524.404 2.31
Notes:
Historical volumes shown in brackets
Neighbours included where underlined
WRMP refers to Tshwane Water Resource Master Plan Study (Jan 2014)
Annual compound growth is calculated from 2014 to 2035
The most probable scenario is scenario E, which is based on the following assumptions:
3% increase in Residential Low Income from 2014 to 2025 and a further 3% increase by 2035,
i.e. people moving up from Informal to Residential Low Income category (total increase in
Residential Low Income of 6%).
2% increase in Residential Medium Income from 2014 to 2025 and a further 2% increase by
2035, i.e. people moving up from Informal to Residential Low Income to the Residential
Medium Income category (total increase in Residential Medium Income of 4%).
1% increase in Residential High Income from 2014 to 2025 and a further 1% increase by 2035,
i.e. people moving up from Informal to Residential Medium Income to Residential High
Income category (total increase in Residential High Income of 2%).
40
Realistic population projection with a compound growth rate of 2.56%. (Initial Realistic
population growth rate of 2.8%/annum tapering off to 2.4%annum).
6.4 Current bulk water Master Plan and its requirement for future water resources
The current bulk water MP for CoT was compiled without any prior knowledge of the limitations on
and expansion possibilities of the water resources supplying CoT’s and MW’s WTP’s. In this context,
most of the future requirement for water was assumed to be from RW, but the following WTP matters
were included in the MP:
Rietvlei WTP – to remain at 40 ML/d since there was no knowledge of additional resource.
Roodeplaat WTP – to increase from 60 ML/d to 120 ML/d being the ultimate demand driven
requirement.
Temba WTP – to increase from 60 ML/d to 180 ML/d as required for projected future summer
peak demands.
MW Klipdrift WTP – to remain at 18 ML/d (of which 8 ML/d is supplied to CoT), with the slack
taken up by extensions to the Temba WTP.
MW Wallmannsthal WTP – to increase from 12 ML/d to 24 ML/d, with the slack taken up by
augmentation from the RW system.
MW Cullinan WTP - to increase from 16 ML/d to 48 ML/d as required for projected future summer
peak demands.
MW Bronkhorstspruit WTP - to increase from 54 ML/d to 174 ML/d as required for projected
future summer peak demands (in addition to existing 30 ML/d RW augmentation scheme already
in place).
6.5 Current sewer reticulation and WWTW Master Plan The following extensions to the main WWTWs are foreseen in the sewer reticulation MP:
Crocodile River basin:
Sunderland Ridge WWTW (95 ML/d to be extended to 217 ML/d).
Schurveberg WWTW (proposed WWTW with 46 ML/d capacity).
Baviaanspoort WWTW (60 ML/d to be extended to 312 ML/d).
Zeekoegat WWTW (30 ML/d to be extended to 160 ML/d).
Daspoort WWTW (60 ML/d).
Rooiwal WWTW (245 ML/d to be extended to 548 ML/d).
Temba WWTW (12 ML/d to be extended to 89 ML/d).
Rietgat WWTW (27 ML/d to be extended to 115 ML/d).
Sandspruit WWTW (20 ML/d to be extended to 62 ML/d).
Klipgat WWTW (55 ML/d to be extended to 95 ML/d).
ERWAT Olifantsfontein WWTW (105 ML/d to be extended to 157 ML/d).
ERWAT Hartbeesfontein WWTW (45 ML/d).
ERWAT Rietvlei WWTW (proposed WWTW with 193 ML/d capacity).
Olifants River basin:
Lewzene WWTW (proposed with 7 ML/d capacity, replacing Cullinan and Refilwe WWTWs).
Rayton WWTW (1 ML/d to be extended to 11 ML/d).
41
Godrich WWTW (5 ML/d to be extended to 40 ML/d).
Ekangala WWTW (proposed with 20 ML/d capacity, replacing existing maturation ponds).
6.6 Water resource analysis
Water Resources Planning Model (WRPM) analyses were conducted to establish the maximum surplus
yield that could potentially be utilised without affecting the assurance of supply of any users through
an iterative process.
6.6.1 Surplus yields in the Crocodile River basin
The results of the analysis indicated that, after meeting MCWAP requirements, a surplus yield was
available in Hartebeespoort Dam, Roodeplaat Dam, Rietvlei Dam and the Apies River system. The
analysis results concluded that the total surplus yields (as of 2014) available from Rietvlei Dam,
Roodeplaat Dam and Olifantsfontein WWTW (Hartebeespoort Dam) are 4.7 Mm3/a, 9.2 Mm3/a and
27.6 m3/a respectively and are projected to increase to 33.0 Mm3/a, 63.6 Mm3/a and 44.5 Mm3/a
respectively by 2057 (mainly due to increased sewer return flows).
Rietvlei WTP and Roodeplaat WTP are at present the most appropriate points for access to the
additional water resources available in the Crocodile River catchments. The reasons for this are, that
the sites houses substantial established WTPs, which draw water from the two largest impoundments
in the city, providing appropriate buffers and reservoirs for raw water storage. The only portion of the
Hartebeespoort surplus yield that would be feasible for the CoT to utilise is the return flows from the
ERWAT Olifantsfontein WWTW, which contribute to the Hartebeespoort Dam yield.
The surplus yields in the Crocodile River basin are sufficient to allow the following:
Stepwise increase of the Rietvlei WTP capacity from 40 ML/d to 140 ML/d.
Further increase of the Rietvlei WTP capacity to 240 ML/d if water is transferred from the ERWAT
Olifantsfontein WWTW to the Rietvlei Dam.
Stepwise increase of the Roodeplaat WTP capacity from 60 ML/d to 240 ML/d.
Increasing the Temba WTP from 60 ML/d to 180 ML/d in step with the peak summer
requirements.
Additional capacity created at Rietvlei WTP (with or without Olifanstfontein WWTW transfer) can be
efficiently absorbed into the bulk water distribution system.
In order to efficiently utilise the additional Roodeplaat WTP capacity, it will be required to increase
the supply into the Wallmannsthal system, thereby eliminating the need for any further
Wallmannsthal WTP expansions.
6.6.2 Deficit in the Olifants River basin
The results of the WRPM analysis, with the CoT projection, showed that the users cannot be supplied
according to their required assurance criteria. The following interventions will be required to ensure
sufficient water resource availability:
Total surplus yield from Rust de Winter Dam required as support.
The successful implementation of WCDM initiatives to achieve total savings of 12.8 Mm3/a.
Additional augmentation of approximately 14 Mm3/a.
42
There is no further yield available for the required increases in capacity at the Cullinan and
Bronkhorstspruit WTPs. The only option for augmenting this shortage is additional supply from RW
into these two systems.
6.7 Proposed Expansion of Rietvlei WTP (with transfer from Olifantsfontein WWTW)
If a transfer scheme from Olifantsfontein were to be implemented, this would involve:
A receiving works on the site of the Olifantsfontein WWTW.
A pumping station.
13 km of pipeline to transfer the raw water across the catchment.
Receiving works at the Marais Dam just upstream of Rietvlei Dam.
Based on the yield analyses, a transfer capacity of 80 ML/d could be supplied by 2020, and a further
40 ML/d by 2045. The expansion of the Rietvlei WTP can then be executed according to the following
timeframes.
Current capacity = 40 ML/d.
2020: 100 ML/d expansion.
2035: 50 ML/d expansion.
2045: 50 ML/d expansion.
WTP capacity at 2055 = 240 ML/d.
It is proposed that the expansions be implemented on open land to the north of the Rietvlei Dam wall,
which will require pumping of the raw water to this higher elevated site. The following additional
infrastructure will need to be provided:
A new abstraction facility as the current unit has reached its capacity.
A raw water pumping station to deliver water to the new site.
A new sludge handling facility.
The existing 40 ML/d capacity of Rietvlei WTP is pumped into the Klapperkop and Garsfontein
“receiving” reservoirs, from where it is on-supplied to many other reservoirs and distribution zones.
The same can be done with the extended capacities of the Rietvlei WTP, almost allowing 100%
utilisation of the expanded capacities. A new pumping system is required with required items in sync
with the WTP extensions and the future demands.
6.8 Proposed Expansion of Roodeplaat WTP
The following capacity expansions are proposed in the light of available resources:
Current capacity = 60 ML/d.
2015 Expansion: 30 ML/d (still in planning stage).
2025 Expansion: 50 ML/d.
2035 Expansion: 50 ML/d.
2045 Expansion: 50 ML/d.
Total WTP capacity by 2055: 240 ML/d.
The following additional infrastructure will need to be provided in order to establish the WTP along
this proposal:
43
A new abstraction facility.
A raw water pump station and pumping mains to deliver water to the WTP site.
All the additional water from the proposed 4 phases of the extended Roodeplaat WTP will have to be
pumped. There are two existing pumping schemes in place, namely 60 ML/d to Montana reservoir,
and 10 ML/d to Wallmannsthal reservoir. Additional pumping systems are required to optimally
accommodate the Roodeplaat WTP in the bulk water system, with phasing in synch with the WTP
extensions and the future demands.
6.9 RW Augmentation to Cullinan and Bronkhorstspruit
There is no additional water resource available from natural flow and/or sewer return flows to
increase the capacity of the Cullinan WTP or the Bronkhorstspruit WTP from their existing 16 ML/d
and 54 ML/d capacities. The only option is to augment the water supply from the RW system, parallel
to the already existing 30 ML/d augmentation scheme via RW Bronberg Reservoir.
The long term required additional augmentation to Cullinan amounts to 32 ML/d on a peak summer
day, and similarly 112 ML/d to the Bronkhorstspruit system (via the Ekandustria reservoirs). Due to
the dire situation in the Olifants River catchment, and to allow for expansion of the small
Bronkhorstspruit WTP, these values have been rounded up to 40 ML/d and 120 ML/d respectively for
planning purposes. The required infrastructure could be considered extensions of the RW (Bronberg)
system, although would require resolution with RW and MW regarding existing and future operational
boundaries.
6.10 Cost Analysis Note that in this paragraphs all CAPEX, OPEX, finance and unit costs referred to are 2014/15 based, as
at the time of the WRMP study.
Master Plan items were created for the required bulk water infrastructure identified as part of the
WRMP analysis. The CAPEX requirements for each of these schemes were put into a financial model
together with calculated utilisation percentages, in order to determine the unit cost of water
production and distribution, as well as the financing requirement. The model was set up to determine
the unit cost on the premise that the scheme must have “paid off” all capex, opex and financing costs
(i.e. reach breakeven) by year 2065, ± 20y after the last capex spent.
Table 6.02 summarises the Present Value of capex requirements, represented in Figure 6.01 as a bar
chart, for all the schemes (for Rietvlei the transfer scheme was included, but not the full reuse
compliance process). The total cost requirements are summarised in Table 6.03.
6.10.1 WRMP Unit costs
The Rietvlei total unit costs compare well with the current RW tariff of R5.55/kl, and so do the
Roodeplaat unit costs. Even with full reuse compliance, the unit costs are still lower than the RW tariff.
The bulk water distribution unit costs for the Cullinan and Bronkhorstspruit augmentation scheme are
relatively low, but the water has to be bought at R5.55/kl from RW. The institutional matter of who is
to finance, build and operate the scheme will have a bearing on the costs payable by CoT, and has to
be resolved with RW. As it is, the capex required for the augmentation scheme (from a CoT point-of-
view, i.e. excluding the cost for RW to deliver the water in their Bronberg system) is ± R 338.7 million
less than what it would have been if there was sufficient water available in the Olifants River basin.
44
6.11 RW Bulk Supply Comparison
A comparison between the current bulk water MP and the adjusted MP based on the WRMP indicated
the following effective trade-offs between RW supply and the possible extended own water sources,
in the MP horizon year of 2058:
RW supply to CoT reduces from 2022 ML/d AADD to 1815 ML/d, a reduction of 207 ML/d.
Despite the reduction, the above RW supply includes augmentation of 22 ML/d AADD and 60 ML/d
AADD to Cullinan and Bronkhorstspruit respectively.
Own Source Supply from Rietvlei WTP (inc. of the Rietvlei Springs contribution) increases from 48
ML/d AADD to 240 ML/d AADD, an increase of 192 ML/d.
Own Source Supply from Roodeplaat WTP increases from 111 ML/d AADD to 218 ML/d AADD, an
increase of 108 ML/d.
6.12 Conclusion from WRMP
The following conclusions were drawn from the WRMP analysis:
There is sufficient surplus yield available in the Crocodile River basin for CoT to increase the
capacities and supply areas of Rietvlei and Roodeplaat WTP’s, and despite significant capex it can
be achieved at a unit cost for water which is lower than the RW tariff.
There is sufficient yield available in the Crocodile River basin to expand the Temba WTP in step
with the increase in demand.
There is no additional resource available in the Olifants River basin for expansion of the Cullinan,
Bronkhorstspruit and Bronkhorstbaai WTPs. The only solution is an augmentation scheme from
RW to Cullinan and Bronkhorstspruit. Such a scheme should include buffer capacity, which will
allow under-utilisation of the Olifants resource for Cullinan and Bronkhorstspruit, essentially
freeing up the limited resource required to expand the Bronkhorstbaai WTP.
PPP’s may be considered for the implementation of the WRMP, on the basis that such course of
action will be off the CoT balance sheet and should result in bulk water supply to CoT at a rate
lower than the current RW tariff.
6.13 Implementation of the WRMP – first 5 Years
Implementation of the WRMP in its entirety should be considered in order to reduce the dependency
on RW and the Vaal River system, but also to ensure the possibility of a resource trade-off that will
allow RW/Vaal augmentation into the Olifant basin, in order to supply the Cullinan, Bronkhorstbaai,
Bronkhorstspruit, Zithobeni, Rethabiseng, Ekangala, Ekandustria, and Thembisile areas.
In this context, the implementation of the following components of the WRMP should be considered
in the 5 Year plan:
Transfer scheme from Olifantsfontein WWTW to Rietvlei dam.
Expansion of 100 ML/d at Rietvlei WTP.
Bulk water supply pumping scheme to distribute 100 ML/d from Rietvlei WTP into Klapperkop and
Garsfontein reservoirs.
Concomitant augmentation scheme from RW Bronberg reservoir to Cullinan and Ekandustria (a
RW project).
Expansion of 30 ML/d at Roodeplaat WTP.
45
Bulk water supply pumping schemes to distribute additional capacity from Roodeplaat WTP into
Wallmannsthal and proposed Doornpoort reservoirs.
There is potential to implement all of the above from the CoT balance sheet, if an external
implementation mechanism (e.g. private or public-public partnership PPP) can be considered which
will sell the bulk water to CoT at a tariff below that currently charged by Rand Water.
46
Table 6.02: Capex requirements (in R mill) – base year 2014/15 as per the WRMP report
Year Rietvlei Bulk Distribution
Rietvlei WTP
Roodeplaat Bulk
Distribution
Roodeplaat WTP
Temba WTP
BHBaai WTP
Cullinan/BHS Bulk
Supply
Totals (R mill)
2013
2014
2015 R 166.50 R 172.80 R 259.10 R 598.40
2016 R 543.70 R 20.50 R 564.20
2017
2018
2019
2020 R 222.20 R 945.90 R 194.30 R 1 362.40
2021
2022
2023 R 1.60 R 1.20 R 2.80
2024
2025 R 465.60 R 465.60
2026
2027 R 121.80 R 121.80
2028
2029
2030 R 21.40 R 13.30 R 34.80
2031
2032
2033
2034 R 297.20 R 297.20
2035 R 125.00 R 308.20 R 139.00 R 287.90 R 202.60 R 1 062.60
2036
2037
2038
2039 R 3.20 R 3.20
2040
2041
2042 R 1.20 R 1.20
2043
2044
2045 R 2.00 R 287.90 R 306.30 R 199.80 R 9.60 R 805.70
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050 R 2.00 R 2.00
2051
2052
2053 R 60.90 R 60.90
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
TOTALS R 349.20 R 1 542.00 R 516.30 R 1 232.60 R 946.10 R 43.40 R 753.00 R 5 382.60
47
Figure 6.01: Capex projection
Table 6.03: Summary of WTP and bulk water distribution cost aspects – base year 2014/15 as per the WRMP report
Scheme
WTP capex WTP unit cost
PV of WTP finance
Bulk water Capex
Bulk water unit cost
PV of bulk water finance
Total Capex
Total unit cost
PV of total finance
(R mill) (R/kl) (R mill) (R mill) (R/kl) (R mill) (R mill) (R/kl) (R mill)
Rietvlei (w/o Olifantsfontein WWTW transfer) R 719.50 R 2.97 R 511.00 R 137.80 R 0.41 R 135.10 R 857.30 R 3.38 R 646.10
Rietvlei (with Olifantsfontein WWTW transfer) R 1 542.00 R 3.08 R 1 203.30 R 349.20 R 0.46 R 322.00 R 1 891.20 R 3.54 R 1 525.30
Rietvlei (with transfer and full reuse compliance) R 2 467.50 R 4.53 R 1 837.40 R 349.20 R 0.46 R 322.00 R 2 816.70 R 4.99 R 2 159.40
Roodeplaat R 1 232.60 R 3.11 R 968.50 R 516.30 R 1.00 R 461.70 R 1 748.90 R 4.11 R 1 430.20
Temba WTP R 946.10 R 7.58 R 1 248.90 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
RW augmentation to Cullinan & Bronkhorstspruit n/a n/a n/a R 753.00 R 2.37 R 613.30 n/a n/a n/a
Bronkhorstbaai WTP R 43.40 R 4.71 R 49.40 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
48
7 FINANCIAL The W&S Division is mainly responsible for the development of new capital infrastructure and the
upgrade of existing infrastructure. Regions on the other hand, mainly deal with the repair and
maintenance of existing infrastructure, while the maintenance of water treatment plants and waste
water works still remain the responsibility of the W&S department. In the context of this report,
however, the focus is on infrastructure development and therefor on Capex.
In Chapters 4 and 5 it was determined based on sound principles and master planning that the average
Capex requirements over the next 45y are R350 million/a for water and R489 million/a for sewer, thus
R839 million/a for W&S, but that the immediate 5 y requirements due to a significant backlog are R1.1
billion/a for water and R1.6 billion/a for sewer = R2.7 billion/a for W&S. Yet, the budgetary history in
Figure 7.01 shows a completely different reality, coupled with an alarming reduction in Capex over
the last few years.
The above does not include the Capex requirements for the implementation of the WRMP, which can
possibly be done off the CoT balance sheet via a PPP, with Opex advantages in that water will possibly
be produced cheaper than the RW purchase cost. The above also exclude CAPEX required for
infrastructure replacement, which is maintenance related.
The draft 5 year Capex budget is included in Appendix 001
Figure 7.01: Historic W&S Capex budget and spend
05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 15/16 16/17
% 97,8% 98,6% 96,5% 95,7% 76,3% 95,6% 96,9% 95,0% 98,5% 79,5% 98,8%
Budget R 239 R 314 R 487 R 725 R 644 R 798 R 763 R 911 R 954 R 524 R 502 R 383
Spend R 234 R 309 R 470 R 694 R 491 R 763 R 739 R 865 R 939 R 417 R 487
R 0
R 200
R 400
R 600
R 800
R 1 000
R 1 200
Mill
ion
s
CAPEX
49
8 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
The City of Tshwane (CoT) has world-class up-to-date models and master plans of the entire water and
sanitation systems, based on sound engineering and planning principles, integrated with the billing
system and the Spatial Development Framework (SDF). The master plans have a horizon of 40-45
years. The implementation of the master plans is skewed with more annual CAPEX required in the
first 5 years than the average over the entire horizon, due to the need to first eliminate backlogs in
capacity. An annual average CAPEX spend of R822 million per annum is required over the next 5 years
for the water system, and R1, 414 million per annum for the sanitation system (bulk and reticulation).
The areas that will be impacted due to current deficient bulk infrastructure is indicated on Map 8.01.
These areas will have to be placed on hold regarding new developments until the bulk upgrades had
been completed.
A Water Resource Master Plan (WRMP) has been developed in order to reduce the dependency on
the Randwater (RW) and Vaal River systems, and in order to create the possibility of a resource trade-
off that will allow augmentation from RW/Vaal into the Olifants River basin for supply to Cullinan and
Bronkhorstspruit areas, where all available water resources have been fully allocated. First phase
implementation of the WRMP will entail 100 ML/d expansion at Rietvlei Water Treatment Plant (WTP),
30 ML/d expansion at Roodeplaat WTP, concomitant pumping schemes to distribute the additional
water into the system, and an augmentation scheme from RW Bronberg system to Cullinan and
Bronkhorstspruit (the latter to be implemented by RW). A private- or public-public partnership (PPP)
may be considered for the WRMP implementation, which will be off-balance sheet for CoT and may
result in bulk water purchases at rates lower that the RW tariff.
50
Map 8.01: Water and Sanitation: Deficient Bulk Capacity Impact Areas
51
APPENDIX 001: CITY OF TSHWANE CAPEX AND OPEX
Capital Projects PROPOSED CAPEX PROJECTS(2017/18 TO 2021/22)
Project Number
Project Name
Approved Budget 2017/18
Year 1
Proposed Budget 2018/19
Year 2
Proposed Budget 2019/20
Year 3
Proposed Budget 2020/21
Year 4
Proposed Budget 2021/22
Year 5
Township Establishment 10 000 000 10 000 000 20 000 000 20 000 000 20 000 000
700004 Township water & sanitation services development: Tshwane contributions
10 000 000 10 000 000 20 000 000 20 000 000 20 000 000
Water Networks 185 000 000 208 000 000 222 000 000 230 000 000 250 000 000
700005 Lengthening of network and supply pipelines 3 000 000 20 000 000 20 000 000 20 000 000 20 000 000
700008 Replacement of worn out network pipes 102 000 000 95 000 000 105 000 000 110 000 000 120 000 000
700185 Reduction water losses: water networks 8 000 000 10 000 000 10 000 000 20 000 000
700456 Water Conversation and Demand Management 80 000 000 85 000 000 87 000 000 90 000 000 90 000 000
700077 Waste Water Treatment Works 53 000 000 202 500 000 626 000 000 1 064 000 000 1 250 000 000
Sunderland Ridge WWTW: New 50Ml/day BNR Module - 35 000 000 40 000 000 120 000 000 200 000 000
Zeekoegat WWTW: Tertiary treatment and debottle-necking - 20 000 000 80 000 000 100 000 000
Klipgat WWTW Phase 1, Upgrading of exisiting infrastrucutre 10 000 000 30 000 000 40 000 000
Extension of Rooiwal WWTW: Sludge facility, 80Ml.day BNR Module
10 000 000 80 000 000 160 000 000 395 000 000 395 000 000
Hennops River WWTW: Land acqusition (Sunderland Ridge) 150 000 000
Hennops River WWTW: New 50Ml/day BNR Module 20 000 000
Baviaanspoort WWTW: Sludge facility, New 20 Ml/day BNR module (small foot print)
34 991 547 60 000 000 150 000 000 250 000 000 345 000 000
Rietgat WWTW: Sludge facility, 7Ml/day BNR re-commission, New 20Ml/day BNR Module
6 000 000 50 000 000 100 000 000 40 000 000
Sandspruit WWTW: Sludge facility, New 10 Ml.day BNR Module
10 000 000 35 000 000 10 000 000
52
Babelegi WWTW Upgrade of exisitng infrastructure and upgrade of processes
1 500 000 10 000 000 20 000 000
Godrich WWTW: Sludge facility, New 10Ml/day BNR Module
5 000 000 10 000 000 50 000 000
Cullinan/Refilwe WWTW: Effluent pump station & pipeline & 2 Ml/d extension
1 000 000 4 000 000 25 000 000
New Lewzene WWTW / (10 Ml/day) 5 000 000
Waste Water Treatment facilities upgrages Minor Capital Projects
8 008 453 20 000 000 20 000 000 20 000 000 20 000 000
700127 Backlog Eradication 52 000 000 115 500 000 425 000 000 143 000 000 144 000 000
Ramotse-Marokolong waterborne sanitation (Backlog Eradication)
2 000 000 30 000 000 80 000 000 124 000 000
Ekangala Block A Sewer reticulation and toilets 500 000 35 000 000 33 000 000 20 000 000
Sewer Reticulation Kudube Ext 5 20 000 000 250 000 000
Sewer Reticulation New Eersterust Ext 1, 2, 3 30 000 000
Refurbishment of sewer networks and backlog eradication: New Eersterust South water borne sewer
40,000,000 30,000,000 30,000,000
Refurbishment of sewer networks and backlog eradication: Greater Temba: Suurman, Mashemong and Majaneng
55,000,000 50,000,000
Temba Water Purification Plant Extention 50 000 000
700158 Bulk Water Pipelines 22 000 000 93 000 000 120 000 000 140 000 000 123 000 000
Replacement and upgrading: Deficient bulk pipeline infrastructure( various areas )
20 000 000 30 000 000 30 000 000 30 000 000
Replacement and upgrading bulk pipeline Union Bulding (Jumbo Rally to Schoeman str)
35 000 000 30 000 000 30 000 000
Heights Iscor Feeder 15 000 000 18 000 000 10 000 000
Bronkhorstspruit Reservoir zone eastern pipe reinforcement and PRV
2 000 000 5 000 000 20 000 000
Pumping system from Roodeplaat WTP to Doornpoort East/West reservoirs & Roodplaat-Doornpoort bulk pipe line
5 000 000 5 000 000 50 000 000 50 000 000
Soshanguve feeder main to Reservoirs DD and L upgrade and replace
25 000 000
Replace feeder main from Garsfontein to Parkmore HL Reservoir
3 000 000
Cathodic protection to all Steel pipes 5 000 000 5 000 000 5 000 000 5 000 000
Mamelodi R5 feeder main relocation (1.341km long) 5 000 000 10 000 000
53
Bronkhorstpruit Bulk Pipeline 5 000 000
Upgrade and extend Bronkhorstbaai bulk system (Phase 1) 5 000 000 10 000 000 10 000 000 10 000 000
Upgrade Sokhulumi reservoir and tower site 5 000 000 5 000 000
Sewers replacement and upgrade 20 000 000 55 000 000 68 100 000 122 800 000 82 000 000
70168 Replacement of deficient sewers 20 000 000 25 000 000 30 000 000 40 000 000 40 000 000
700222 Moreletaspruit outfall sewer 8 100 000 12 800 000 2 000 000
Rietspruit outfall sewer upgrade 20 000 000 20 000 000 70 000 000 40 000 000
Silver Lakes outfall sewer upgrade Phase 1 10 000 000 10 000 000
Water Treatment Plants 15 000 000 50 000 000 75 000 000 200 000 000 400 000 000
Bronkhorsptuit WPP Refurbishment 15 000 000 20 000 000 5 000 000
Rietvlei WTP Extension 30 000 000 70 000 000 200 000 000 400 000 000
700300 Reservoirs 87 000 000 175 000 000 204 000 000 166 000 000 58 000 000
Doornkloof Reservoir 20 000 000 25 000 000 15 000 000 10 000 000
Mooikloof Reservoir and Bulk water pipeline 40 000 000 25 000 000 25 000 000
Installation of bulk meters, loggers and Telementry at reservoirs
10 000 000 10 000 000 10 000 000 8 000 000 8 000 000
Replace reservoir fencing and ancillary works 5 000 000 10 000 000 10 000 000 10 000 000 10 000 000
Relining/Upgrading reservoirs 10 000 000 4 000 000
New Klipgat Hospital 3 Reservoir 12 000 000 - -
New Parkmore LL Reservoir (10 ML iso 4 ML in process) and Parkmore HL reservoir
25 000 000 25 000 000 25 000 000
Bronhorstbaai: Refurbishment and upgrade of clear-well and WPP infrastructure
15 000 000 15 000 000 19 000 000 8 000 000
Grootfontein Water Reservoir, Tower and pipework 25 000 000 28 000 000
Babelegi Reservoir Extension 8 000 000
15 ML Mamelodi R5 Reservior 10 000 000 20 000 000 10 000 000
New La Montagne Reservoir (Nelmapius) 5 000 000 15 000 000 25 000 000
Upgrade Sokhulumi reservoir and tower site. 15 000 000 25 000 000
New Pretoriusrand reservior, feeder and outflow main 15 000 000 25 000 000
New van Riebeeck Reservoir 10 000 000 30 000 000
New Highveld (Heritage Hill) Reservoir 15 000 000
54
700530 Formalisation of informal settlements 83 304 248 167 115 426 174 000 000 75 700 000 40 000 000
Midas - 580 housing units - water provision 11 000 000 12 000 000 - - -
Midas - 580 housing units - sewer provision - - - - -
Soshanguve South Ext 1 (Plot 67) - 398 housing units - water provision
- - - - -
Soshanguve South Ext 1 (Plot 67) - 398 housing units - sewer provision
- - - - -
Kudube Unit 8 - 1784 Housing Units - Water Provision 18 000 000 5 000 000 - - -
Kudube Unit 8 - 1784 Housing Units - Sewer Provision 14 115 426 40 000 000
Hammanskraal Ext 2 Stand 3505 - 61 Housing Units - Water Provision
1 304 248
Hammanskraal Ext 2 Stand 3505 - 61 Housing Units - Sewer Provision
Hammanskraal Ext 10 - 2767 Housing Units - Water Provision (Bulk services)
10 000 000 20 000 000 10 000 000
Hammanskraal Ext 10 - 2767 Housing Units - Sewer Provision (Bulk Services)
5 000 000 - 20 000 000
Atteridgeville Ext 16 - Bulk water plus outfall sewer to service future stands
Atteridgeville Ext 19 - Water network
Atteridgeville Ext 19 - 900 housing units - Sewerage network (Upgrading of the existing sewer pumpstation and construction of the temporary sewer pump station)
10 000 000 50 000 000
Kameeldrift 174 & 175 - 356 Housing Units - Water Provision 10 000 000 15 000 000
Kameeldrift 174 & 175 - 356 Housing Units - Sewer Provision 10 000 000 15 000 000
Mahube Valley Ext 15 - Water provision for 2 353 stands 5 000 000 25 000 000 14 700 000
Mahube Valley Ext 15 - Sewer provision for 2 353 stands
1 000 000 30 000 000 20 000 000
Mamelodi Ext 11 - Water network link for 1 859 stands 18 000 000 15 000 000 10 000 000
Mamelodi Ext 11 - Sewerage network line for 1 859 stands 1 000 000 18 000 000 11 000 000
Nellmapius Ext 24 - Outfall sewer pipeline for 2 640 stands
Mamelodi Ext 11 - Upgrading of bulk water supply pipeline
55
Water standtaps to informal areas 20 000 000 20 000 000 20 000 000 20 000 000
700591 Gatsebe Sewer network and toilet top strctures 15 000 000
TOTAL 527 304 248 1 076 115 426 1 934 100 000 2 161 500 000 2 367 000 000
Historical Opex Budget and Expenditure
YEAR INCOME BUDGET BUDGET ACTUAL % SPEND R&M R&M
EXPENDITURE R&M R&M R&M AS % OF BUDGET AS % OF ASSET
2012/2013 R 3 389 943 000 R 2 568 335 251 R 179 003 581 R 159 963 259 89.40% 7.00%
2013/2014 R 3 955 073 000 R 2 499 806 914 R 111 791 413 R 59 358 242 53.10% 4.50% 1.10%
2014/2015 R 4 079 183 000 R 2 950 968 779 R 114 451 653 R 88 707 214 77.50% 3.90% 1.10%
2015/2016 R 4 546 983 000 R 3 359 832 490 R 99 369 200 R 74 197 905 74.70% 3.00%
2016/2017 R 5 241 373 000 R 3 559 354 462 R 93 744 229 - 0.00% 2.60%
