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SANFORD ATTACKS I/I

PROTECTS DRINKING WATER SOURCE

By Migdalia Hernandez, M.S.E. Water Resources Engineer, City of Sanford

And Jim Peters, P.E. Senior Consultant, Brown and Caldwell

City of SanfordOne the oldest cities in Florida

Located in Seminole County

Shares many resources

City has two Wastewater Treatment Facilities

Sewer Collections System

Beneficial uses of reclaimed water

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Commitment to St. Johns River Water Quality ImprovementsCity is committed to protecting natural resources

River Water Quality Improvements

Inflow/Infiltration

Pretreatment Program

Reduce pollutant loadings with ACTIFLO Treatment

Polymer addition

River Wet Discharge Removals

2004 Hurricanes

Hurricanes strike SanfordCharley August 13

Francis September 5

Jeanne September 26

Heavy rain persisted for weeks

Lake Monroe and groundwater levels rose to record levels

Collection System inundated with Infiltration and Inflow (I/I)

Treatment Plant Capacity exceeded for months

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City Request Action

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Hurricane Jeanne

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Findings:High flows exceeded treatment plant capacity

Vacuum system overwhelmed

Numerous collection system SSOs

Brown and Caldwell studied hurricane impact on sewer system

Funding SourcesNew I/I Sewer Rehabilitation Budget AllocationCity obtained State matching grant

$250,000 2006-07$400,000 2007-08 $100,000 2008-09

FEMA sewer shields grant$16,000

CDBG grants for lateral rehabilitation

Individual grants for each home Free - but little interest from homeowners

City of Sanford Sewer Rehabilitation Budget Allocation

$361,615.00

$500,000.00

$250,000.00

$150,000.00$150,000.00

$450,000.00

Oct-04 Oct-05 Oct-06 Oct-07 Oct-08 Oct-09

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Focus on Cypress Area Cypress Area Recognized as Highest Priority for

I/I Reduction

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Cypress Area Evaluation

CYPRESS LIFT STATION - TOTAL GALLONS BY MONTH

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Cypress Area Pump Station

Wet weather flows 40X dry weather flows

2005 Smoke Testing

Mains Televised in 2005

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Cypress Area Corrections

Project Initiated To Correct Defects

Pipe Lining

Roof drain disconnections

Re-installing cleanout caps

Cypress Results

I/I reductions 11,216 LF Sewer RehabilitatedTotal Projects Cost -$402,799Steady flowsA potential nutrient load reduction

City of Sanford - Cypress Lift Station Flows

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Additional Study

62 pump station areas analyzed

Analyzed flows during dry and wet weather

10 areas prioritized for CCTV and smoke testing

Sunland Are a top priority

Sunland – 2nd Area Chosen for Rehabilitation

Numerous problems within Sunland

Stormwater issues in area

Smoke tested and televised early 2007

Joint effort between City and County

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Sunland Rehabilitation

City moving ahead with pipe lining

County unable to proceed with storm water improvements

tax reform victim

Rehabilitation work started in February 2008 and scheduled to be completed in December 2008

Sunland I/I Evaluations

Recording rain gauge

Groundwater level monitor

Assess impact of rain events and high groundwater

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Sunland Rehabilitation City moving ahead with pipe lining

County unable to proceed with storm water improvements

tax reform victim

Rehabilitation work March through December 2008

I/I Summary:Prioritize and Budget

Prioritize - find highest I/I areas of collection system

Smoke test and televise highest priority areas

Take appropriate rehabilitation steps

Public Education

Long-term process – (I/I not solved in 1 or even 5 years, requires many years)

Meaningful annual rehabilitation budgetCity increased budget for sewer rehabilitation from $150,000/year to $400,000

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The Big Picture

Committed to reduced wet weather discharges

Continue I/I reduction thru evaluations and RepairsReclaimed water inter-connectsReclaimed water system expansion

All new constructions required to find an alternative water supply for irrigation purposes

SCADA monitoring improvements

Improve water quality

ACTIFLO treatment systemMore stringent pretreatment program to protect the City’s sewer collection systemPolymer addition to City’s WRF to assist with hydraulic problemsPublic education

Recognition

Received the Engineer’s Week Award-Outstanding Public Entity in 2008 in central FL.

(based on efforts to increase water quality and decrease I/I.)

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Questions and Comments?

Lake Monroe Sunrise

SANFORD, FLORIDA, ATTACKS INFILTRATION/INFLOW (I/I) AND PROTECTS DRINKING WATER SOURCE

Migdalia Hernandez, MSE – City of Sanford James Peters, P.E. – Brown and Caldwell

Background The City of Sanford is located in Seminole County and it is one of the oldest cities in the State of Florida. During its early history it was a strategic point for riverboat shipping from Jacksonville into Central Florida on the St. Johns River. The river and its unique environmental value has become the focus of both surface water supply for drinking water purposes and for recreational use. Nutrients loading could affect water quality for both purposes. The City of Sanford North Water Reclamation Facility (NWRF) is located near Lake Monroe in Seminole County (Figure 1). The St. Johns River Water Management District has adopted a Surface Water Improvement and Management Plan for the Middle St. Johns River Basin (MSJRB). Lake Monroe is one of the watersheds listed within this basin.

Figure 1

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During wet weather conditions the City discharges treated reuse water into the MSJRB. Reuse (reclaimed) water is also land applied at the City’s “Site 10” which it is located on the northeastern shore of Lake Jessup. I/I Becomes Evident During 2004 Hurricanes The City’s sewer system is very old with a large portion of the system comprised of vitrified clay pipe (VCP) and brick manholes. The problems with sewer deterioration became evident during the 2004 hurricanes when the system experienced very heavy stormwater infiltration and groundwater inflow (I/I).

Figure 2 I/I caused high sewer system flows and treatment challenges at the NWRF. This treatment facility is designed to treat 7.3 million-gallon per day (MGD). During the 2004 hurricanes plant flows were observed at the NWRF over 16 MGD (Figure 2). As a result, the City exceeded Middle Basin discharge limits in 2005. To quickly evaluate, identify, and create a plan of action it was necessary to bring a consultant group (Brown and Caldwell) to assist with identifying sources and prioritizing correction of I/I. This initial “desk top” survey saved considerable time and City money by pointing to areas of most critical rehabilitation need. The initial studies were followed by field evaluations. Results were used to determine rehabilitation methods including “Quick Wins” by City crews to reduce stormwater inflow, and pipe lining by contractors to reduce infiltration.

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Desk Top Survey Establishes Initial Priorities Brown and Caldwell’s initial study revealed problems within the collection system that became evident during the prolonged wet weather in 2004. Some of the downtown area manholes are lower than street level so inflow into them contributed to the system’s failure. In 2005 the City installed 53 stainless steel “sewer shields” using grant funds from FEMA. These have proven to be effective in minimizing inflow through manholes. The initial study also found that the downtown “Cypress Area” had especially high I/I. In fact, the Cypress Pump Station serving the area had monthly flows that were 40 times dry weather flows (Figure 3). This area was selected as the first rehabilitation project.

CYPRESS LIFT STATION - TOTAL GALLONS BY MONTH

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Figure 3 During smoke testing of the Cypress Area it was found that many cleanout caps had been removed and were therefore a source of inflow. It was discovered that the roof drains from an apartment complex were directed into the Cypress sanitary sewer. However, the most significant single inflow source was a 12 inch diameter storm sewer cross-connected with the sanitary sewer. It is suspected that this was a residual combined sewer that was not disconnected during the conversion to the vacuum system. City crews corrected the inflow sources in 2005. CCTV of the Cypress Area indicated the need to line about 11,000 feet of VCP pipe to correct main line defects including cracked pipe, sources of roots and offset joints. The lining was completed by a contractor in 2007 at a cost of about $400,000.

Subsequent Study Sets Additional Priorities Following the initial survey the City requested a study of its pump station areas to identify additional priorities for I/I reduction. Brown and Caldwell evaluated pump station run times and flows and compared this information to rainfall events. As a result 10 areas were identified as heavily influenced by wet weather events. One of these was a small but new subdivision where it was found that the developer’s contractor had not completed the installation of cleanout risers. This allowed stormwater to inflow into the sanitary system. A larger older subdivision, the Sunland Area, was determined to be the next highest priority for rehabilitation. It is located outside the City limits of Sanford in Seminole County but within the City’s water and sewer service area. The Altair Environmental Group performed smoke testing and CCTV of the area. These surveys revealed missing cleanout caps, leaking manhole lids, and numerous defects in VCP main lines. The City installed equipment to record, by SCADA, the impact of rainfall and groundwater on the Sunland Area sanitary sewer system. Rainfall is recorded over time with every 0.01 inch of rain so pump station flow can be correlated with rainfall events during the same time period. In a similar manner, a ground water level monitor was installed to provide correlation of pump station flow with groundwater level. It is estimated that during rain events, 6,200 gallons per hour of stormwater enter the sanitary system. The City has employed a contractor to commence repairs in 2008 and complete them by 2009. About 22,000 feet is involved. Other priority areas are expected to be rehabilitated in the future. Included in this list is the Sanford Airport area. Sewers were installed there during World War II when housing was erected for the Army Air Corps training facility. There was an obvious need to conserve metal because the manhole lids are made of concrete rather than cast iron and do not preclude inflow. Finding the Money One of the City’s biggest challenges after the hurricanes and the consultants “desk top survey” was findings repair funds. Before the hurricanes in 2004, sewer rehabilitation at the City was handled on an “as needed basis”. In 2005 an increased budget allocation was necessary to repair sewer defects found by consultants during the initial “desktop evaluation”.

City of Sanford Sewer Rehabilitation Budget Allocation

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Legislators Grant$250,000 - FDEP

Legislators Grant$400,000 - FDEP

Figure 4 Knowing the importance of reducing river discharges to protect this water source, in 2006, the City requested State Legislative funds for sewer infrastructure rehabilitation. The City’s new project named “Lake Monroe Surface Water Quality Improvements”, goal was to put a plan together to protect one of the most valuable resources in Central Florida; the St. Johns River. In 2006, the City received a $250,000 (50%) matching funds grant from the legislators to continue this project. This grant money was increased to $400,000 for 2007-2008 FDEP fiscal year budgets as shown in Figure 4. The first agenda under this “Water Quality Improvements Plan” was to reduce flow coming into the NRWRF. Reducing flows into this treatment facility will improve treatment processes hydraulics leading to better treatment and water quality. As a result of this new commitment, the City added a new CIP budget line item called I/I Sewer Rehabilitation, which is expected to continue until all sewer defects are repaired. Rehabilitation of sanitary sewer defects to preclude stormwater inflow and groundwater infiltration will be done over a number of years. This will reduce plant flows during wet weather. Reducing I/I will also increased wastewater treatment capacity to accommodate future development. Reducing groundwater infiltration is very expensive to do because it involves mainline, manhole, and sewer lateral rehabilitation. It is for this reason the City is working to reduce stormwater inflow first by performing smoke testing in selected priority areas of the City.

Watershed Protection Plan Reduction of nutrients and other pollutants is part of the new mandated TMDL Rule. City’s estimated nutrient loading records from 2005 showed that a 3 million-gallon per day (MGD) reclaimed water removed from river discharges could result on a nutrient loading reduction of 251 lb-day of nitrogen and 40 lb-day of phosphorus. Water quality improvement of reclaimed water will also enable this product to be used for irrigation and aquifer recharge at sensitive areas such as the Wekiva Primary Protection Zones. Lowering the pollutant loading into the Middle Basin will minimize algal bloom and related toxins throughout the MSJRB. The control of algal bloom will also benefit downstream water quality. The City’s plan to reduce nutrients contains three major initiatives. These include I/I Reductions, ACTIFLO Treatment, and Reuse Interconnections. 1. Inflow/Infiltration Reductions:

As discussed previously, the City’s North Water Reclamation Facility discharges to St. Johns River during wet weather conditions. One of the sewer infrastructure areas identified with high sewer inflow and infiltration was the Cypress downtown area. This site work was completed in August 2007 using FDEP grant funds. As shown in Figure 5, the high inflow/infiltration (I/I) was reduced with the sewer rehabilitation work. The Cypress area lift station flow remains steady at 500,000 gallons/month as compared with previous year (2004) during heavy rain events. A potential estimated load reduction of 84 lb/day Nitrogen and 13 lb/day Phosphorus will be achieved for each 1 MGD. I/I flow reductions into the Cypress lift station will minimize river discharges as this reduced flow will not enter the treatment train at the NWRF.

City of Sanford - Cypress Lift Station Flows

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The second area to be rehabilitated is the Sunland Subdivision. The calculated I/I entering the City’s sewer system during rainy events is approximately 255,000 gal-day. The following table represents the cost involved to complete this project and expected nutrient loading reduction.

Nutrient Reductions and Cost Expected from Plant Surface Water Discharge Elimination

I/I Flow Nitrogen Reduction (lb-day)

Phosphorus Reduction (lb/day)

Cost ($)

0.26 MGD 21 3.3 $960,000

2. ACTIFLO Treatment : This system will be installed in 2008 (Figure 6). Pilot testing showed metals; turbidity; organic; inorganic; parasites; nutrient; and other pollutant reductions.

Figure 6 3. Reuse Interconnections Reuse water inter-connects with other Cities and counties. The City entered a Tri-Party Agreement with Lake Mary and Seminole County to use reclaimed water at areas with high water usages such as golf courses; commercial and residential areas (Figure 1). The City is currently negotiating with Volusia County an agreement to inter-connect reclaimed water to provide this County with up-to 1.5 MGD of this recycled product. This agreement will assist Volusia County with their need for alternative water supplies to provide existing and future

Primary Treatment Wastewater Flow

Secondary Treatment

GraviSand Filtration

Chlorine Contact Chamber

Chlorination

Coagulant/Polymer Injection Point

Dyna Sand Filters

Actiflo Unit 1 Actiflo Unit 2

Surface Water

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irrigation demands. The City is also negotiating possible reclaimed agreements with Winter Springs and the City of Oviedo. Plan Benefits Reducing stormwater inflow and groundwater infiltration will result in a reduction of wet weather discharge into the St. John River. This will reduce nutrient loading into the water body improving the SJR Middle Basin water quality. Improving the water quality discharged into the Middle Basin will assist with protecting the body of water that is listed as a possible source of drinking water for Seminole County and its Cities. Also, the reduction of nutrients will reduce algal blooms which are alleged to be causing water quality issues downstream of the Middle Basin. Algal bloom especially blue-green algae are known for its dangerous toxins to other water body species such as fish; odor causing; and it is linked to carcinogenic compounds formation after disinfection treatment at drinking water treatment facilities. The use of surface water for potable use in the near future may be necessary to conserve our ground water resources during the expected high population growth in Florida. Water quality improvement of reclaimed water will also enable this product to be used for irrigation and aquifer recharge at sensitive areas such as the Wekiva Primary Protection Zones. Expanding reuse and recharge in and around Seminole County will also reduce the need of a large drinking water treatment facility as future growth; new constructions; and required landscapes can use an alternative product to keep a “green” and beautiful lawn with alternative water supplies. The following table is a good example of surface water quality improvements that could be achieved thru successful infrastructure rehabilitation.

Nutrient Reductions Expected after Plant Surface Water Discharge Elimination

I/I Flow Nitrogen Reduction (lbs-day)

Phosphorus Reduction (lbs-day)

5 MGD 420 65 4 MGD 335 53 3 MGD 251 40 2 MGD 167 6.5 1 MGD 84 13