City of Bellevue - Starodubstarodub.com/pdf/ULIPs_Bellevue_WA_WSDOT...This map is a graphic representation derived from the City of Bellevue Geographic Information System. It was designed

City of Bellevue

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Sidewalk & Curb Ramp Inventory

WSDOT Presentation 7/31/2008

Project Partners

Starodub, Inc.

Presentation Outline

Key ADA Requirements

Bellevue ADA Transition Plan

Curb Ramp Inventory

Sidewalk Inventory

Field Validation

Database Analysis

Project Prioritization

ADAAG Compliance Definition Issues

Summary Comments

Key ADA Requirements

Title II – Government Services: Must ensure that individuals with disabilities are not excluded from programs, services, and activities (pedestrian facilities are an example of a program).

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)(Federal Civil Rights Law-July 26, 1990)

Title II Elements

Self Evaluation – 28 CFR 35.105

Public entities shall examine accessibility of its current programs, services, and activities and maintain records of self-evaluation activities for three years.

Transition Plan – 28 CFR § 35.150(d)(3)

Identify existing facilities that limit access for persons with disabilities.Describe methods to make facilities accessible.Specify schedule for improving facilities by prioritizing needs of persons with disabilities in existing facilities.

Heaving

Sidewalk & Ramp Survey OverviewMoveable Obstruction

Ramp cross slope

Absence of level landing

Fixed Obstruction

No Ramp Ramp TransitionBottom Landing

Tactile WarningTop Landing

http://www.peds.org/cgi-bin/csvread.pl?database=db1&template=template1&issue_id=DEC11



Bellevue ADA Transition Plan

Guidance for Conducting an ADA Inventory

Numerous MethodologiesU.S. Dept of Justice

Florida DOT

Texas DOT Maryland State Highway

City of Sacramento

National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP), Asset Management Approaches to ADA Compliance, NCHRP 20-07 Task 249.

“Existing laws and regulations provide considerable flexibility regarding the identification of physical obstacles that limit accessibility to individuals with disabilities. In other words, the standard for what constitutes acceptable practice (and, by extension, what could become a best practice) regarding data collection, condition assessment, and programming of needed improvements varies considerably and is subject to interpretation.”

Methodology Assessment

Summer 2006. Conducted 2 week assessment with professional staff using equipment for land surveys. Estimated cost in excess of $1M.

Summer 2007. Research partnership agreement with FHWA led to 2 month assessment with student interns using a modified ultra-light, slow-speed inertial profiler (ULIP) mounted on a Segway HT.

ADA Transition Plan Process

Data Collection1

Database Analysis2

ADA Transition Plan3

Disability Community Participation

• Prioritized list of physical barriers

• Cost estimation

• Funding strategy

• Implementation schedule

• Performance monitoring

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ObstructionsWD Driveway

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Running Slope

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Curb Ramp Inventory

Curb Ramp Inventory Toolkit

Curb Ramp Features

33’’ MinMin

44’’ preferred

preferred

Crosswalk

Crosswalk

44’’ MinMin

Sloping Surface

Sloping Surface

Curb Ramp

WidthLandingLanding

Total Sidewalk Width

2% Max Slope any direction

8.3% Max 10% Max

Side

Flare

Field Documentation

Equipped with a digital camera, graphic interface, & data entry form.Positional accuracy of GPS receiver is 1-3 meters.Receiver can load and display ortho-photos enabling field staff to zoom in and create points on specific curb ramps. Spatial resolution of ortho-photos is 1 foot per pixel.

Topcon GMS-2 handheld GPS receiver:

GMS-2 Data Dictionary

Ramp type: Directional; Perpendicular; Diagonal; Construction; None (indicates no ramp where ramp is needed)

Gutter running slope: Compliant (<5%); Non- compliant (>5%)

Gutter cross-slope: Compliant (<5%); Non- compliant (>5%)

Transition: Free of heaves, gaps, and obstructions (yes/no)

Clear space at bottom: 4’ x 4’ of clear space at the bottom of a diagonal ramp, within marked crosswalk (yes/no)

Detectable warnings: 2’ x 4’ yellow panel of truncated domes adjacent to gutter transition (yes/no)

Marked crossings: Curb ramp wholly contained within crosswalk markings (yes/ no)

Landing slope: Landing slope does no exceed 2% in any direction (yes/no)

Landing panel: None (non-compliant); >= 48 in. (best practices); 36-47 in. (compliant); < 36 in. (non-compliant)

Ramp width: >= 48 in. (best practices); 36-47 in. (compliant); < 36 in. (non-compliant)

Ramp slope: <8.3% (compliant); 8.3% - 10% (non-compliant); >10% (non-compliant)

Ramp cross-slope: <2% (compliant); 2% - 4% (non-compliant); >4% (non-compliant)

Ramp flares: None; <=10% (compliant); 10.1% - 12% (non-compliant); >12% (non- compliant)

Returned curbs: None (if no ramp flares); Compliant (ramp is situated such that pedestrians will not walk across returned curbs); Non-Compliant (returned curbs may present tripping hazard)

Sidewalk Inventory

Inertial ProfilersInnovations in technology have caused the profiling industry to grow dramatically.

The ULIP measurements were more accurate than those made at the same site by two commercial light-weight profilers.

Starodub, Inc. Research and Development of Prototype ULIP funded by FHWA

ULIPs Technology

ULIPs (sidewalk) is a prototype modification of the ULIP system to:

estimate grade (running slope) and cross slope of sidewalksidentify sidewalk faults (heaving)time and travel distance synchronized to the data with GPS coordinatessynchronized with user input “events/features” notes

Sensor box includes a displacement laser (texture/profile/height), three accelerometers (inertial profiling), a gyroscope (pitch, roll, yaw), optical trigger (reference), GPS (general location), and a DMI (travel distance system).

A notebook computer and data acquisition card is used for data capture.

Basic ULIPs Tasks

• Data Acquisition• Data Processing• Data Acquisition/Data

Processing• DMI Calibration (Rider

Specific)• Data Processing (Subset

Analysis)• Zeroing the Gyroscope• Performing a “Radius

Adjust” in the “ULIPGEOM” Equation

DMI Calibration: Determines the wheel circumference for the given tire pressure and rider. This calibrated value is used in determining travel distance and is a key parameter in the “ULIPGEOM” Equation processing of grade (running slope).

Requires rider and tire pressure specific calibration.

ULIPs Relative to Surface

Running Slope (Grade) [ADAAG 4.3.7]

1:20 (5%) max, if greater, treat as ramp

Cross Slope [ADAAG 4.3.7]

1:50 (2%) max, if greater, treat as ramp

Changes in Level (Fault) [ADDAG 4.5.2]

1/4 inch max vertical bump1/4 to 1/2 inch beveled at 2:1If greater than 1/2 inch, then treat as ramp (12:1 bevel)

Protrusions/Obstructions [ADAAG 4.4.1]

Max 4” projection between 27” and 80” above surfaceObstacles limiting clearance width of the sidewalk

ADA Sidewalk Compliance Criteria


Grade (Running Slope)

Cross Slope

Faulting

Protrusions/Obstructions

Sidewalk Grade (Running Slope)

Running slope is the slope that is parallel to the direction of travel; and a ramp as outlined in ADAAG 4.8:

An accessible route with a running slope greater than 1:20 (5%) is a ramp and shall comply with ADAAG 4.8. (ADAAG 4.3.7)

Maximum slope 8.33%Maximum rise for any run shall be 30”Minimum clear width shall be 36”Level landings at bottom and top of each ramp

horizontal projection or run

30”m

ax. r

ise

surface of ramp

level landing

5’ level landing

ULIP & Smart Level Grade Validation

ULIP and Smart Level Grade Validation

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Distance (Feet)

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Site was a sidewalk with two successive driveway crossings.

Path Repeatability for Grade

ULIP Grade (4 runs) vs Smart Level

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Cross Slope

Faulting


Sidewalk Cross-Slope

2% Max. Cross2% Max. Cross--SlopeSlope

Nowhere shall the cross slope of an accessible route exceed 1:50 (2%). (ADAAG 4.3.7)

ULIPs Path Repeatability for Cross Slope

ULIP Cross Slope (4 Runs) vs Smart Level

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Site was a sidewalk with two successive driveway crossings.



Cross Slope

Faulting


Changes in Level

ADAAG 4.5.2 ULIPs Output Reports

Distance (feet)

Category (1: >=1/4” & <1/2”, 2:>=1/2”)

Bump Height

Time (seconds) Casename

7.05, 1.58, 1, 0.27, II37.15, 1.61, 1, 0.26, II37.23, 1.63, 1, 0.28, II37.32, 1.64, 1, 0.25, II3

11.75, 2.65, 2, 0.90, II312.57, 2.84, -1, -0.28, II313.17, 2.98, -1, -0.29, II3

ASCII text file for Inclusion in City’s GIS

Graph shows faults (bumps) along travel distance in field mode.

Changes in level up to 1/4 inch may remain vertical.

Changes in level between 1/4 inch and to 1/2 inch are permitted but must be beveled – bevel cannot be steeper than 1:2.

ULIPs Fault Measurement

Inertial Profiling

Apply filter to remove long wavelengthsApply filter to remove gaps (joints, grates, etc.)Apply filter to remove false bumps (leaves, grass, trash) Apply ADAAG for faulting



Cross Slope

Faulting


Pedestrian ZoneThe minimum clear width of an accessible route shall be 36 in. (3ft). (ADAAG 4.3.3) [PROWAAC R301.3.1 requires a continuous and unobstructed clear width of 48 in (4ft).]

3 ft

In pedestrian circulation areas, maximum 4” projection for post or wall mounted objects between 27” and 80” above the surface.

Protected Zone

Cane Detectable Range

2727””

8080””

4” max. projections

Protrusions in the Pedestrian Zone

Obstacles in the pedestrian zone limit the clearance width of the sidewalk.

Obstructions in the Pedestrian Zone

Stationary

Signal Poles Fire HydrantsTreesUtility Poles

Moveable

PlantersStreet Signs TreesFurnitureMailboxes

Voice Defect LoggingFacilitate logging of sidewalk obstructions & protrusions, driveway locations, accessible pathway issues while operating ULIPs.

Video-logging supported by Sony HDR-SR1 30 GB hard disk drive (10 hours of SD video) linked to Red Hen Systems VMS 300 unit, a GPS encoder.

Red Hen Systems MediaMapper software organizes and links media to precise location within a map.

Mapping environment allows for:

Video camera controls including search-and-play, search-and-pause, and fast-forward-play Moving cursor during video playback indicates location and camera direction Ruler for measuring distance Zoom-in / zoom-out, pan, center, refresh

Movable Obstructions/Driveways/Protrusions

Key-press Events: Time/distance coding of user defined features along path.

Tree blocking sidewalk at SE 20th St & 140th Ave SE

Parked car blocking sidewalk on 136th Place SE

Database Analysis

Data Processing

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This map is a graphic representation derived from the City ofBellevue Geographic Information System. It was designed andintended for City of Bellevue staff use only; it is not guaranteedto survey accuracy. This map is based on the best informationavailable on the date shown on this map. Any reproduction or saleof this map, or portions thereof, is prohibited without expresswritten authorization by the City of Bellevue. NOTE: If you have specific questions concerning information contained on this map, please contact the sponsoring department asshown on this map.

This material is owned and copyrighted by the City of Bellevue.

City of BellevueADA Digitization Process

HillsidePlot Date: 3/9/2007


1 inch equals 100 feet=

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IT DepartmentGIS Services

ObsructionsDriveway

Movable

Vegetation

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Cross Slope

Running Slope

Digitized Sidewalk

Data ProcessingBatch Processing Of ULIP RAW Data

The Equation Shell software provides an interactive graphical environment with real-time display of data collection.

GIS Database Analysis

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GPS Line

GPS not reliable -- urban canyons, reflected signals, foliage.

159T

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3D Path

GPS Line

ArcPad interface to enter coordinates. 3D Path uses grade, gyroscope heading, & distance.

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3D Path

Digitized Sidewalk

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ObstructionsDriveway

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Running Slope

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Driveway Standards

Certain grades and slopes must be maintained.2% cross-slope, 8.33% max ramp slopes if used.

Slope down at 1:12

2% cross-slope

Apron, may be any acceptable grade

Slope up at 1:12

(8.3%)

(8.3%)

Absence of level landing can force wheelchair user over sidewalk flare and into street

Bellevue Driveway Standards

DEV-7A: Residential Driveway or Private Road Approach with Sidewalk

Note 8% sloping ramp.

Bellevue Driveway Standards

DEV-7E: Driveway or Private Road Approach ADA Option 2

DEV-7D: Driveway or Private Road Approach ADA Option 1

Project Prioritization

Provide opportunity to interested persons and groups to participate in self-evaluation leading to transition plan. 28 C.F.R. § 35.105(b).

Make self-evaluation and plan available for public inspection. Specific time frames and information required. 28 C.F.R. §35.105(c) .

Outreach Requirements:

Community Outreach

2000 Census: Bellevue residents with disabilities (15,500 persons) represent 15% of the population.

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LAKE

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Programming of Asset Improvements

Quickly and accurately identify high priority project locations based on spatial proximity to pedestrian attractors.

Field Validation

Field Validation

Cross Slope Running Slope Data Acquisition

Field technicians check the slope and grade of sidewalk segment with smart level for QAQC validation of ULIP data.

Validation Report: Smart Level/ULIP

Cross Slope Data Verification

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Smart Level ReadingULIP SurveyADAAG Compliance

Running Slope Data Verification

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Smart Level ReadingULIP SurveyADAAG Compliance

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ULIPs data consistently follows with the Smart Level’s peaks and troughs at test sites.

Rise versus Running Distance compared to ADAAG.

ADAAG Compliance Definition Issues

Raw Data Allows for Infinite Reanalysis Averaging Window SIze Effect on Grade (%)

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Distance (Feet)

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1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G10 G20 G30 G40 G50 G

Grade and Cross Slope Averaging Window Size: In the ULIP Geometry Equation, the user specifies the grade and cross slope window size in feet to be applied in a moving average computation. A value of 1 or 2 feet is appropriate for performing validations and for determining the Radius Adjustment parameter in the ULIPGEOM Equation. The graph illustrates the effect of moving average window size. The larger the value, the more dampened out the features.

Dimensional Tolerances

Nowhere shall the cross slope of an accessible route exceed 1:50 (2%). (ADAAG 4.3.7)

“Maximum extent feasible: the occasional case where the nature of an existing facility makes it virtually impossible to comply fully with applicable accessibility standards through a planned alteration. In these circumstances, the alteration shall provide the maximum physical accessibility feasible.” ~ DOJ implementing regulations

Although ADAAG states that all dimensions are subject to conventional industry standard tolerances, in many instances there are no standard tolerances for the various accessible elements mentioned in ADAAG.

Dimensional Tolerances

Guideline application over a given distance (data window) when reviewing grade and slope variations along travel path.

User Defined Cross Slope Exception Criteria Example

0123456789

1011

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Cross Slope (%)W

indo

w E

valu

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ngth

(ft)

Not Acceptable

Acceptable

Technical Infeasibility

SE 56th Street & 175th Place SE

New construction and altered facilities must be designed and constructed to be accessible to and usable by people with disabilities. (28 CFR 35.151)

Altered portions of facilities must meet new construction guidelines to maximum extent feasible

When one requirement is technically infeasible, other design specifications must still be met

Document, document, document when not able to meet specific design requirements

Path Variability (Smart Level Readings)

Smart Level Grade Path Variance

7.0

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P1 gradeM12 gradeP2 gradeM23 gradeP3 grade

Smart Level Cross Slope Path Variance

1.0

1.5

2.0

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3.0

3.5

4.0

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Distance (Feet)

Gra

de (%

)

P1 csM12 csP2 csM23 csP3 cs

Standard deviation across five paths at 21 measurement points ranged from 0.13 to 1.41 with the average standard deviation being 0.37.

Standard deviation across five paths at 21 measurement points ranged from 0.08 to 0.97 with the average standard deviation being 0.46.

Readings taken along a sidewalk path by any measurement device are subject to variations in the sidewalk surface.

ULIPs Results

• Satisfactory Grade and Cross Slope Measurements.

• Rider specific calibration must be maintained.

• Constant tire pressure must be maintained.

• Data variance present due to path selection.

Questions?

Documents

City of Bellevue - Starodubstarodub.com/pdf/ULIPs_Bellevue_WA_WSDOT...This map is a graphic representation derived from the City of Bellevue Geographic Information System. It was designed