CITY LIFE OSTRACISM GREENSPACE · 2019. 1. 29. · Urban greenspace and mood. Heike Tost, M.D. Ph.D. Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim City life Epidemiological data Psychosis

Heike Tost, M.D. Ph.D. Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim

Neuroimaging of naturalistic environmental exposures influencing well-being and risk for mental illness

CITY LIFE OSTRACISM GREENSPACE


Environmental exposures


WEATHERURBANIZATION

MIGRATIONGREENSPACE

EVENTS SOCIAL STATUS

Environmental exposures


Overview

Urban upbringing

Ethnic minority status

Low social status in childhood

Daily positive experiences and mood

Urban greenspace and mood


City life

Epidemiological data

Psychosis risk is 1.3 to 2.0 times higher

Crucial role of the first 15 years of life

Dose-Risk-Relationship

Modifiable risk

Potential origins: pollution, noise, lack ofgreenspace, altered community structure

Social stress sourcesFragmented social bonds

Increased competition

Overcrowding

Social inequality

Marianne Brandt (1928)

„Our confusing City“

Mannheim

Häfner et al. (1965)

Chicago

Faris & Dunham (1939)



Veling et al., Schizophr Bull 2009

Morgan et al., Schizophr Bull 2010

Cantor-Graae & Selten, Am J Psychiatry 2005

Epidemiological data

Psychosis risk is 2.7 to 4.5 times higher

Stable risk increase in the 2nd generation

Highest risk in individuals with a different skin tone than the majority host population

Refuted origins: selective migration, diagnostic artifact, vitamine deficiency, etc.

Social stress sourcesPrejudice, suspiciousness

Social exclusion, discrimination

Insults, physical attacks

Social inequality


Pathophysiological model

URBANIZATION

MIGRATION

SOCIAL STATUS

Morgan et al., Schizophr Bull 2010

Tost & Meyer-Lindenberg, Nat Med 2012 Tost, Champagne & Meyer-Lindenberg, Nat Neurosci 2015


Neural target circuitry

Tost et al., Neurospychopharmacology 2013

Meyer-Lindenberg & Tost, Nat Neurosci 2012

Grimm et al., JAMA Psychiatry 2014

Tost et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010

Tost et al., Biol Psychiatry 2011

Tost et al., Biol Psychiatry 2010

Tost et al., J Neurosci 2014

Motivation

Emotion Stress

Risk genes

CACNA1CZNF804A

NRG1NRG3COMTRELNBDNFOXTRMAOANR3C1

Schizophrenia

Cao et al., JAMA Psychiatry 2016

Braun et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2016

Cognition

Regulation


Urban upbringing

Lederbogen et al., Nature 2012Haddad et al., Schizophr Bull 2015



Akdeniz*, Tost* et al., JAMA Psychiatry 2014

Germans Migrants

Perceived discrimination


Social status

Migrants

Social status mobility

Germans


Chronic stress level

pgACCvolume


Schweiger, Çapras et al., in preparation


(Epi)genetics EMA

Neuroimaging

Early Development

Characterization Geography

Psychoepidemiological Center


Psychoneurogeography

RhineNeckar Metropoliton Region

MannheimLudwigshafen Ilvesheim OdenwaldOggersheimPfälzer Wald Wachenheim Schriesheim


Location Tracking and EMA

Land use-dependent trigger algorhytm

E-diaries assessing positive and negative events, mood, social contex

9-24 assessments per day

Mobile network, wireless LAN, GPS

Ecological momentary assessment

Location tracking


Geographical Mapping

Unemployment Migrant density Population density Traffic noise

Trajectory reconstruction and mapping


Positive experiences

Braun et al., in preparation

Positive events

Cue Response Outcome

Monetary incentive delay task

-2

-2

-1

-1

0

1

1

2

2

3

3

0 20 40 60

Ve

ntr

al s

tria

tum

Positive experiences


Positive experiences and mood

Braun et al., in preparation

Positive events Mood effects

Facial photos by Icerko LýdiaOwn work, CC BY 3.0

Resilience

Risk

Risk

Event-mood slope


Urban greenspace

Tost et al., in preparation


Conclusions

o Urban upbringing, ethnic minority background and social status relate to the structure and/or function of pgACC circuits

o The directionality of findings is consistent with the idea of a neural risk mechanism related to adverse social environmental exposures during upbringing

o Real-life measures of urban greenspace exposure and positive event appraisal relate to differences in pgACC function and are consistent with the idea of a potential neural resilience effect converging on the same circuitry

o The assessment of everyday exposures to various sources of risk and resilience in the ambient environment is challenging, but promising and feasible

o Our findings may have implications for early diagnosis and prevention


Systems Neuroscience in Psychiatry

Ceren Akdeniz, M. Sc.Urs Braun, M.D.Axel Schäfer, Ph.D.Necip Çapras, M.D.Leila Haddad, Ph.D.Anais Harneit, M.Sc.Phöbe Schmierer, Ph.D.Janina Schweiger, M.D.Carolin Mößnang, Ph.D.Kristina Otto, M.Sc.

Acknowledgements

GEOGRAPHIC INSTITUTE

Department Geoinformatics

Prof. Dr. Alexander ZipfTobia Törnros, Ph.D.Helen Dorn, M.Sc.

INSTITUTE FOR SPORT AND SPORT SCIENCE

Department Applied Psychologie

Prof. Dr. Ulrich Ebner-PriemerMarkus Reichert, M.Sc.

Mental Health Research

Prof. Dr. H.-J. SalizeAndreas Hoell, M.Sc.Beate Höchemer, M.Sc.Christina Andras, M.Sc.

PSYCHIATRY UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE(PROF. DR. A. MEYER-LINDENBERG)

Stress-related Disorders

Prof. Dr. F. LederbogenProf. Dr. Michael DeuschleSvenja Bardtke, M.Sc.

Stephanie Witt, Ph.D.Fabian Streit, M.Sc.Stefan Wüst, Ph.D.

GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY (PROF. DR. M. RIETSCHEL)

CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY(PROF. DR. P. KIRSCH)

Documents

CITY LIFE OSTRACISM GREENSPACE · 2019. 1. 29. · Urban greenspace and mood. Heike Tost, M.D. Ph.D. Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim City life Epidemiological data Psychosis