Cities, cultures and cassettes - Hong Kong cinema and transnational audiences.pdf

7/30/2019 Cities, cultures and cassettes - Hong Kong cinema and transnational audiences.pdf

1/19

+

RQJ.RQJOPVKDYHFRPHWREHJOREDOWH[WVLQDFRPSOH[GLVWULEXWLRQRIFRPPRGLWLHVDQGPHDQLQJV


2/19

.RQJOPVVWLOOVHHNDGLVWLQFWO\$VLDQFRPPRGLW\$WWKHVDPHWLPH:HVWHUQHUVOLNH$VLDQVDUHDOVRYDJXHO\DZDUHWKDWVRPHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRI$VLDQPRYLHVDOVRLQYROYHWKHUHSURGXFWLRQWUDQVSRVLWLRQ DQG LPSURYHPHQW RQ IHDWXUHVRIROGHU+ROO\ZRRG JHQUHV OLNH WKH JDQJVWHUOP,Q WXUQ WKLV IDVFLQDWLRQ ZLWK +RQJ .RQJ OPV KLJKOLJKWV HOHPHQWV WKDW +ROO\ZRRG FDQ UH

DSSURSULDWH WRH[WHQG LWV JOREDO HPSLUH IRU+RQJ.RQJDXGLHQFHVDVZHOODVGLYHUVH$PHULFDQRQHV


3/19

6SHFWDFWRU9RO1R 6SULQJ

RIWKH6KDZ%URWKHUV6WXGLR6KDZFRQVROLGDWHGLWVSRVLWLRQE\PLGGHFDGHPDNLQJURPDQFHVDQGVZRUGVPDQHSLFVLQ0DQGDULQUDWKHUWKDQWKHORFDOLGLRP&DQWRQHVH7KUHHWLHUVRIPRYLHSUHVWLJHHPHUJHGLQWKHFLW\UHHFWLQJSURGXFWLRQDXGLHQFHDQGWKHDWULFDOVFUHHQLQJV&DQWRQHVHOPVUHPDLQHGDWWKHERWWRP0DQGDULQOPVUDQNHGKLJKHUZLWK+ROO\ZRRGRQWRS7KLVHFKRHVWKHLU

UHVSHFWLYH SURGXFWLRQ FRVWVZKHUH 0DQGDULQ OPV KDGWZLFHWKHEXGJHWRI&DQWRQHVHOPVZKLOH+ROO\ZRRG OPVFRXOG HDVLO\ FRVW WLPHVPRUH &KLQHVH ODQJXDJHOPV VXUYLYHG RQ WKH EDVLVRI WKHLU $VLDQ GLVWULEXWLRQFRQWUROOHG E\ WKH 6KDZIDPLO\ PHDQZKLOH +RQJ.RQJVWXGLRVSURGXFHGOPV

YHUVLRQVLQ$PR\DQG)XNLHQGLDOHFWV DVZHOO DV WKHLU RZQWULOLQJXDOSURGXFWV/L-DUYLH/DZ7HR7HRDQG/DR

$XGLHQFHV LQ WKLVSHULRG WKHQ PDGH FKRLFHVIURP D UDQJH RI SURGXFWVDOWKRXJK VRFLDO DQG FXOWXUDOOLPLWDWLRQV VKDSHG FLQHPDJRLQJ DV DQ DFWLYLW\ :LWKLQ

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

,VDZPRYLHVHYHUVLQFH,FDQUHPHPEHU,JXHVV,VWDUWHGZKHQ,ZDVWZR\HDUVROGRU,Q6KDX.HL:DQWKHUHZHUHWKUHHPRYLHKRXVHV)LUVWLWVWDUWHGZLWKWZRDQGWKHQWKHWKLUG

RQHFRPLQJ LQ$QG WKHQDERXWPRYLHV EHVLGHV WKH JRRGPRYLHV WKHUHZHUHDOO WKH WHDUMHUNLQJ&DQWRQHVHRSHUDV

$QGRIFRXUVHWKHIRRGDOOWKRVHH[RWLFIRRGVOLNHZDWHUFRFNURDFKHVORQJVXWVTXLGDQG

FKDUVLX,HQMR\HGP\OXQFKLQWKHPRYLHKRXVH%HIRUHP\SUHVFKRROWLPHP\PRPP\WRRNPH

WRPRYLHV,Q3ULPDU\,HYHU\GD\DIWHUPRUQLQJVFKRROP\PRPP\ZRXOGEULQJPHWREX\VRPH

FKDUVLXDQGZHZRXOGJRWRVHHWHDUMHUNLQJPRYLHVKHURLFZRPHQPRYLHV

7KH6KDX.HL:DQPRYLHKRXVHZDVDOOZRRGHQZLWKORWVRIVXWHDVDQG:RQJ)HL+RQJ

ZDVSOD\LQJDOZD\V$QGORWVRI )DQ%R%R7KH VHFRQGRQHZDV*ROGHQ6WDU ,WVRPHWLPHVKDG

IRUHLJQODQJXDJHOPV+HOS,VDZ'LVQH\WKHUH

+HUHZHDOUHDG\VHHLPDJHVRI+RQJ.RQJOPJRHUVDVDVVLGXRXVDQGHFOHFWLFYLHZHUVEDODQFLQJ

ORFDOSURGXFWLRQDQG H[SHULHQFH DJDLQVW JOREDO FKRLFHV %\+RQJ.RQJKDG FLQHPDVVHOOLQJDGPLVVLRQVWRDSRSXODWLRQRI

$W WKDW MXQFWXUH+RQJ.RQJ WHOHYLVLRQ HVWDEOLVKHG YLD FDEOH LQ DQG FRQYHUWHG WREURDGFDVW LQ SURJUHVVLYHO\GHFLPDWHGPRYLHDXGLHQFHV %\ DQQXDO DGPLVVLRQVKDG

0XVLF3DODFHLQ1HZ


4/19


5/19


6/19


7/19


7KHVH FRPPRGLWLHV FHUWDLQO\ GR QRW IROORZ FODVVLFDO URXWHV RI +ROO\ZRRG WKHDWULFDOGLVWULEXWLRQ7KHUHXVHGWREHGR]HQVRI&KLQDWRZQPRYLHWKHDWHUVQDWLRQZLGHIURP6DQ)UDQFLVFRWR1HZ


8/19

ZLWK3$/YLGHR,QWKH86OPVDUHPRVWRIWHQUHQWHGLQWKHIRUPRI176&YLGHRFDVVHWWHVHYHQLIUHQWDOFRSLHVKDYHEHHQGXSOLFDWHGIURPODVHUGLVFRULJLQDOVE\WKHVWRUH%RWKUHQWDOVDQGVDOHVRIGLVFVDUHDYDLODEOHGUDZLQJRQVWRFNSURGXFHGIRU$VLDQPDUNHWVZKHUH9&'VKDYHEHHQPRUHSRSXODU9&'VDQG9&'SOD\HUVDUHQRZZLGHO\DYDLODEOHRWKHUVUHFHLYHVKLSPHQWVRI9&'VIURP

IULHQGVDQGIDPLO\LQWKH6$5RUIURPWKHLURZQWULSVWRWKH6$5 :H PXVW DOVR EH FDUHIXO LQ PDNLQJ DVVXPSWLRQV DERXW WH[W DQG WDVWH $FFRUGLQJ WRVWRUHRZQHUVLWLVQRWWKHDWULFDOOPVWKDWFDSWXUHWKHPDMRULW\RIWKHLPPLJUDQWVEXW79SURJUDPVSDFNDJHGRQYLGHRFDVVHWWHV7KHPRVWSRSXODUWDSHVDUHVRDSRSHUDVKLVWRULFDOURPDQFHVDQGDFWLRQVHULHV7KHVHSURGXFWLRQVLIVXFFHVVIXOUXQIRUD\HDURUPRUHLQ+RQJ.RQJHJWKHUHFHQW*HQXLQH)HHOLQJV>=KHQ4LQJ@7KHPDLQODQGYHUVLRQRI WKHKLVWRULFDO5RPDQFHRIWKH7KUHH.LQJGRPV 6DQJXR


9/19


UDUHO\UHQWYLGHRVDQ\PRUH+RZHYHUH[FHSWIRUQHZVSURJUDPV79%-DGHGRHVQRWSHUPLWGLUHFWVLPXOWDQHRXVWUDQVPLVVLRQIURP+RQJ.RQJ6RDSRSHUDVPLQLVHULHVDQGYDULHW\VKRZVDUHUHWUDQVPLWWHGIURPDGLVWULEXWLRQSRLQWLQ&DOLIRUQLDRQO\DIWHU79%KDVPDUNHWHGWKHSURJUDPVRQYLGHRFDVVHWWHWKURXJKUHQWDORXWOHWVVRPHRIZKLFKDUHRZQHGE\79%%URDGFDVWHUVIHDUWKDWWKH

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

YLGHRUHOHDVHVZHUHFULWLFDODWER[RIFHRUUDWLQJVEORFNEXVWHUVLQ+RQJ.RQJRWKHUVDUHPXFKPRUHRUGLQDU\UHSUHVHQWLQJWKHPXQGDQHDVVHPEO\OLQHFRUHRIDFRPPHUFLDOFRQVXPHULVWPHGLDLQGXVWU\


10/19

DOWKRXJKWKHFRQWH[WRIPRELOLW\DQGTXHVWVIRUFXOWXUDOLGHQWLW\ZLOOFKDQJHWKHPHDQLQJVDWWDFKHGWRSDUWLFXODUYLHZLQJH[SHULHQFHV7RJHWKHUPRUHRYHUWKHVHDXGLHQFHVDOORZXVWRFRQWH[WXDOL]HDWKLUGDXGLHQFHZKLFKSURYHVPXFKEHWWHUNQRZQLQWKHUHDGLQJRI+RQJ.RQJOPWKHQRQ&KLQHVHYLHZHUVZKRKDYHFKDPSLRQHG\HWDQRWKHUDSSURSULDWLRQRIWKLVFLQHPD

'RPHVWLFDWLQJ+RQJ.RQJ+LSDQG+ROO\ZRRG

:KLOH&DQWRQHVHYLGHRVLQGHHGKDYHEHFRPHHOHPHQWVRILPPLJUDQWPDVVFXOWXUHOPEXIIVDQGPRYLHVSHFLDOLVWVRIRWKHU$PHULFDQKHULWDJHVDOVRKDYH]HURHGLQRQWKHVHPDWHULDOVIRUGHFDGHV0DUN6DO]PDQZKRZDVODWHUUHVSRQVLEOHIRUWKHOP,URQDQG6LONEHJLQVKLVPHPRLURIJURZLQJXSLQVXEXUEDQ&RQQHFWLFXWLQWKHVE\QRWLQJ:KHQ,ZDVWKLUWHHQ\HDUVROG,VDZP\UVWNXQJIXPRYLHDQGEHIRUHLWHQGHG,GHFLGHGWKDWWKHOLIHRIDZDQGHULQJ=HQPRQNZDVWKHOLIHIRUPH6DO]PDQ+RQJ.RQJLVFOHDUO\JXUHGKHUHDVDQRWKHUUHPRWHDQGXQNQRZQLQODQJXDJHFXOWXUHVRFLHW\DQGKLVWRU\


11/19


WKHGXELRXVSURGXFWLRQ YDOXHVRIPDQ\UHFHQW+RQJ .RQJ OPV $ JODQFHDW WKH+RQJ .RQJ)LOP 0DJD]LQHVRQOLQH 9LGHR&ROOHFWLRQRUVLPLODUZHEVLWHVFRQUPV WKH SUHIHUHQFH RI WKHVH$PHULFDQYLHZHUVSUHIHUHQFHIRUDFWLRQJHQUHVPHDQLQJDOR\DOIROORZLQJIRUDXWHXUVOLNH-RKQ:RR7VXL+DUN5LQJR/DPRUVWDUVOLNH-DFNLH&KDQ-HW/LDQG&KRZ


12/19

EXGG\KRRGLQ&KLQHVH FXOWXUH ,QKLV LQWHUHVWLQJFLQHPDHVVD\


13/19


ZLWKSK\VLFDOVNLOO DQGJUDFHZLWKRXWIDLOXUHRUVXEPLVVLRQDQGDWDOOWLPHVYHU\ FRJQL]DQWRIWKHPDUNHWLQJRIKLVLPDJH LQ$PHULFD0DQ\86FULWLFVDOVRKDGGLIFXOW\FRPLQJXSZLWKDIUDPHRIUHIHUHQFHWRGHVFULEH&KDQVOPZRUNDQGIHOOEDFNRQDFXOWXUDODOOXVLRQVWRZKDWWKH\DOUHDG\NQHZRIUHDODQGLPDJLQDU\JXUHVRI&ODVVLFDO+ROO\ZRRG7KHSOHDVXUHRIWKHPRYLH

OLHVH[FOXVLYHO\LQ&KDQV%UXFH/HHPHHWV)UHG$VWDLUHPHHW7RPDQG-HUU\%UDQGRIOLFNHU\VSOLWEDOOHWLFPD\KHP(QWHUWDLQPHQW:HHNO\0DUFK%XVWHU.HDWRQDOVRUHFXUVDVDGRPHVWLFUHIHUHQW

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

.RQJYHUVLRQZDVPLQLPL]HGHYHQPRUHLQRUGHUWRVKRUWHQWKHH[SRVLWLRQEHWZHHQJKWDQGFKDVHVFHQHV


14/19

FRPSDULVRQEHWZHHQ:RQJDQG(ULF5RKPHUDQGODEHOHG&KXQJNLQJ([SUHVV DFWUHVV)D\H:RQJDVWKH+RQJ.RQJ/RXLVH%URRNHV&KLFDJR7ULEXQH0DUFK:KHQDVNHGE\7HUU\*URVVRI1DWLRQDO3XEOLF5DGLRV)UHVK$LU 2FWREHUZKDWKHWKLQNVDERXW-RKQ:RRVVXFFHVVLQ+ROO\ZRRGKRZHYHU:RQJUHSOLHGWKDWKHFRXOGQRWZRUNWKHUHEHFDXVHXQOLNH:RRKHGRHV

QRWXVHDVFULSWDFUHDWLYHVWUDWHJ\ZKLFKKHOSV:RQJWRHVWDEOLVKDEUDQGLGHQWLW\EXWGRHVQRWPDNHLWOLNHO\WKDWKHOOEHZRUNLQJZLWK-HUU\%UXFNKHLPHULQWKHQHDUIXWXUH &KXQJNLQJ([SUHVVWKXVIROORZVDQGFKDOOHQJHVDORQJOLVWRI&KLQDPDGHDUWOPVDVFRPPRGLWLHVJDLQLQJH[SRVXUHWRQDUURZFDVWGLVWULEXWLRQLQWKH86QRWE\WKHLUIDPLOLDULW\RUGLIIHUHQFHEXWE\WKHLUFODLPVWRFXOWXUDOFDSLWDO


15/19


&RQFOXVLRQV

,QGLVFXVVLQJODWHFRORQLDO+RQJ.RQJFLQHPD(VWKHU


16/19

KLVWRU\ RI WKH LQGXVWU\V WUDQVQDWLRQDO VWDUV SURGXFWLRQ DQG GLVWULEXWLRQ QRW WRPHQWLRQ WKHGRPHVWLF UHJLRQDO DQG GLDVSRULF WDUJHW DXGLHQFHV WKDW KDYH FRQVXPHG WKHVH OPV IURPYHU\GLIIHUHQWSHUVSHFWLYHV %XWZKDWGRHVDVFHQHOLNH WKDWRI-DFNLH&KDQDWWKH$FDGHP\$ZDUGVVD\DERXWWKHZD\VWKH+ROO\ZRRGOPLQGXVWU\UHSUHVHQWVLWVHOI"$+RQJ.RQJDXGLHQFHPD\

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

.RQJSRSLGROV+RQJ.RQJDFWLRQPRYLHVDQGNXQJIXQRYHOV+RQJ.RQJIRRGHYHQWKH+RQJ

.RQJDFFHQW=KD 6RPH+RQJ.RQJOPPDNHUV OLNH$OOHQ)RQJDQG6WDQOH\.ZDQDOVRKDYHVHWWKHLUUHFHQWZRUNVLQWKH35&ZKHUHRWKHUTXHVWLRQVRIH[SUHVVLRQGLVWULEXWLRQUHDGLQJDQGLGHQWLW\ZLOOWDNHVKDSHLQUHODWLRQWRD+RQJ.RQJQRZSDUWRIRQHFRXQWU\WZRV\VWHPVH[SHULPHQW

$QGHOVHZKHUHLQ$VLD+RQJ.RQJOPVFDQWDNHRQVWLOOIXUWKHUUHIUDFWLRQV0DUN/HLFKW\IRU H[DPSOH LQ KLV QHO\ JUDLQHG HWKQRJUDSKLHV RI .DWKPDQGX SRLQWV WR WKH LPSRUWDQFH RI(QJOLVK OPV LQ VHWWLQJ JOREDO VW\OHV IRU XUEDQ1HSDOL \RXWK %HFRPLQJPRUH VSHFLF DV WRUHFHSWLRQDQGLPSDFWRQH\HDUROGQRWHV,EHJLQWRIHHOHQHUJHWLFYHU\VWURQJDQGHDJHU$OOWKHVHIHHOLQJVVWDUWWRULVHXS,YHSUREDEO\VHHQVL[GLIIHUHQW%UXFH/HHPRYLHVDOUHDG\7KHUHZDV(QWHUWKH'UDJRQ:D\RIWKH'UDJRQDQGRWKHUVWRR/HLFKW\7KHLPSDFWDQGPHDQLQJRI+ROO\ZRRGDQG+RQJ.RQJWKHPVHOYHVEHFRPHK\EULGL]HGLQQHZZD\VDQGLQQHZFRQWH[WVEH\RQGWKHVFRSHRIWKLVSDSHU

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

GLIFXOW\HQMR\LQJWKHVHPRYLHVEHFDXVHWKH\ZLOODUULYHLQ(QJOLVKZLWKQR&KLQHVHVXEWLWOHV$QGZHFDQRQO\ZRQGHUDERXWWKHSHRSOHZKRFRQWLQXHWRUHFUHDWH+RQJ.RQJHYHU\GD\DVWKHLUVWDUVWH[WVDQGLPDJHVIRUJHDKHDGLQWREUDYHQHZVSDFHVRILGHQWLW\ZKLOHWKHLUVHQVHRIWKHFLW\LWVOPFXOWXUHDQGWKHZRUOGDUHUHJXUHGEH\RQGWKHLUFRQWURO

&LWLHV&XOWXUHV&DVVHWWHV :RQJ

&LQG\+LQJ


17/19


(QGQRWHV

7KHHVVD\ZDVRULJLQDOO\SXEOLVKHGLQ3RVW6FULSWQR)DOO7KLVKRZHYHULVDVOLJKWO\

GLIIHUHQWYHUVLRQ

7KLVPD\DOVRPHDQWKDW9DULHW\GLGQRWH[DPLQHDOOPDUNHWVDPRUHFRPSUHKHQVLYHVXUYH\RIVKRZHGWKDWORFDOOPVGRPLQDWHGWKHHQFORVHGPDUNHWRI,UDQDQGVWRRGRQWKHWRSLQ0DOD\VLDDVZHOO6WLOO

LWLVVWULNLQJWRQRWHWKHZHDNQHVVRIORFDOKLWVLQFRXQWULHVOLNH)UDQFH*HUPDQ\(QJODQGDQG,WDO\$OORIWKHVH

FDVHVPHULWIXUWKHUDQWKURSRORJLFDOLQYHVWLJDWLRQ6DUD'LFNH\SURYLGHVDQLQWHUHVWLQJDQWKURSRORJLFDO

PRGHOIRULQYHVWLJDWLRQRIORFDOFLQHPDVLQKHUH[DPLQDWLRQRIWKH7DPLOOPVRI6RXWK,QGLD

7KHDYHUDJHSURGXFWLRQFRVWIRU&DQWRQHVHOPVLQZDV+.DQG+.IRU0DQGDULQ

OPV/HXQJDQG&KDQ

7KH UHPDNLQJRI VWRULHV FUHDWHG WKHLURZQ WUDGLWLRQV DV LQ WKH UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ RI:RQJ )HL+XQJ D

&DQWRQHVHIRONKHURZKRVHFLQHPDWLFUHSUHVHQWDWLRQEHJDQZLWK7KH7UXH6WRU\RI:RQJ)HL+XQJ+XDQJ)HLKRQJ

=KXDQ6LQFHWKHQPRUHOPVKDYHEHHQPDGHZLWKRIWKHPVWDUULQJ.ZDQ7DNKLQJYHUVLRQV

ZHUHUHOHDVHGLQWKH\HDUDORQH7KLVWUDGLWLRQLVQRZH[HPSOLHGLQ-DFNLH&KDQV'UXQNHQ0DVWHU

=XLTXDQ=XLTXDQ,,DQG2QFH8SRQD7LPHLQ&KLQD+XDQJ)HLKRQJ3DUWZLWK3DUWVKRWLQWKH867KHDUJXPHQW,KHDUGIURP+RQJ.RQJOPSHRSOHRUIURPVRPHLQGHSHQGHQWOPPDNHUVLQWKH86

HPSKDVL]HVWKHPXOWLSOH[DVDQDUHQDRIYDULHW\DQGRSSRUWXQLW\7KLVK\SRWKHVLVPHULWVIXUWKHUH[DPLQDWLRQ

HVSHFLDOO\JLYHQWKHSUDFWLFHRIGHYRWLQJWZRRUWKUHHVFUHHQVWREORFNEXVWHUVOLNH0HQLQ%ODFNRU7LWDQLF

7KLVDOVRUHODWHVWR%UHQQDQVFULWLTXHRIFRVPRSROLWDQL]DWLRQDVDVWUDWHJ\RI(QJOLVKGRPLQDWLRQRI

SRO\JORWOLWHUDWXUHVWKURXJKFXOWXUDOH[SHFWDWLRQVRIDSSURSULDWLRQZKLFKFDPHWRP\DWWHQWLRQDV,UHYLVHG

WKLVSDSHU%UHQQDQ

/LQGD/DL&KLXKDQKDVVXJJHVWHGDQLQWHUHVWLQJFRPSOHPHQWDULW\LQ+RQJ.RQJUHDGLQJVRIOPEDVHG

RQDSURFHVVVKHODEHOVHQLJPDWL]DWLRQWKDWLVWKHXVHRIORFDOVODQJRUZRUGSOD\LQWKHFDVHRI6WHSKHQ&KLDX

ZKRVHSRSXODULW\KDVQRWFURVVHGWKH3DFLFRUQRVWDOJLFUHIHUHQFHVZKLFKUHLQIRUFHDSDUWLFXODUORFDOLW\LQ

+RQJ.RQJFLQHPD/DL

,Q&RPUDGHVD/RYH6WRU\RQHG\LQJLPPLJUDQWPDGDPFODLPVWRKDYHRQFHPHW:LOOLDP+ROGHQGXULQJ

WKHOPLQJRI7KH:RUOGRI6X]LH:RQJFRQDWLQJKHUGHMHFWHGOLIHDVDSURVWLWXWHZLWKWKDWOP)RULPDJHVRI

&KLQHVHZRPHQLQ$PHULFDQFXOWXUHVHHDOVR&KDQ

2QHPLJKWQRWHWKDWPRVWOPPDNHUVKLJKOLJKWWKHLVVXHVRIPDUJLQDOLGHQWLW\RUWKHWUDQVIRUPDWLRQRI

OLDOUROHVUDWKHUWKDQVH[XDOLW\LQWKHLUH[SODQDWLRQV,QDGGLWLRQZKLOHFODLPLQJJHQGHUDVKLVVXEMHFW6WDQOH\

.ZDQDFWXDOO\FRQFHQWUDWHVRQPHQVUHODWLRQWRPHQDQGPDOHOPPDNHUVFRQWUROH[SUHVVLRQRIWKHVHUHODWLRQV

WKURXJKWKHLUFKDUDFWHUVZKHWKHUPDOHRUIHPDOH

:RUNV&LWHG

$EEDV$FNEDU%XLOGLQJRQ'LVDSSHDUDQFH+RQJ.RQJ$UFKLWHFWXUHDQGWKH&LW\3XEOLF&XOWXUH

$OOHQ&KDUOHV/&RPPXQLWFDWLRQ3DWWHUQVLQ+RQJ.RQJ+RQJ.RQJ&KLQHVH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV

$SSDGXUDL$UMXQ0RGHUQLW\DW/DUJH&XOWXUDO'LPHQVLRQVRI*OREDOL]DWLRQ0LQQHDSROLV8RI0LQQHVRWD

3

$UNXVK5'DYLGDQG/HR2/HH /DQG ZLWKRXW *KRVWV &KLQHVH ,PSUHVVLRQV RI $PHULFD IURP WKH 0LG

1LQHWHHQWK&HQWXU\WRWKH3UHVHQW%HUNHOH\8RI&DOLIRUQLD3

%UHQQDQ7$W+RPHLQWKH:RUOG&RVPRSROLWDQLVP1RZ&DPEULGJH+DUYDUG83%XGG0LNH7KH&DELQHWRI'RFWRU&DOLJDUL1HZ%UXQVZLFN1-5XWJHUV

&KDQ.DL&KHXQJ7KH0HGLDDQG7HOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQV,Q 7KH2WKHU+RQJ.RQJ5HSRUWHG:RQJ

5LFKDUG5&DQG-RVHSK


18/19

&KDQ0LPL,PDJHVRI&KLQHVH:RPHQLQ$QJOR$PHULFDQ/LWHUDWXUH+RQJ.RQJ-RLQW3XEOLFDWLRQV

&KHQ+VLDQJ6KXL&KLQDWRZQ1R 0RUH7DLZDQ,PPLJUDQWVLQ &RQWHPSRUDU\1HZ


19/19


3UDFWLFH 8QSXEOLVKHG 3K' GLVVHUWDWLRQ $QQHQEHUJ 6FKRRO IRU &RPPXQLFDWLRQ 8QLYHUVLW\ RI

3HQQV\OYDQLD

Documents

Cities, cultures and cassettes - Hong Kong cinema and transnational audiences.pdf