THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM ASSOCIATES INTIMATELY WITH ALL BODY
TISSUES CIRCULATORY SYSTEM A SYSTEM OF INTERNAL TRANSPORT;
TRANSPORTS OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE, DISTRIBUTES NUTRIENTS TO BODY
CELLS, AND CONVEYS THE WASTE PRODUCTS OF METABOLISM TO SPECIFIC
SITES FOR DISPOSAL
Slide 3
CIRCULATION SEVERAL TYPES OF INTERNAL TRANSPORT HAVE EVOLVED IN
ANIMALS SIMPLE ANIMALS HAVE NO TRUE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM (WHY DONT
THEY NEED ONE??) EX. HYDRA BLOOD SPECIALIZED CIRCULATORY FLUID
FOUND IN MORE COMPLEX ANIMALS TWO BASIC TYPES OF SYSTEMS OPEN
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Slide 4
CIRCULATION TWO BASIC TYPES OF SYSTEMS
Slide 5
CIRCULATION TWO BASIC TYPES OF SYSTEMS OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
BLOOD LEAVES THE VESSELS AND BATH THE CELLS DIRECTLY (EX.
GRASSHOPPER) CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM (A.K.A. CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM) CONSISTS OF A HEART AND TUBE-LIKE VESSELS; THE BLOOD IS
ALWAYS CONFINED TO THESE VESSELS (EX. FISH, HUMANS)
Slide 6
CIRCULATION CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM THREE KINDS OF VESSELS
ARTERIES CARRY BLOOD AWAY FROM THE HEART ARTERIOLES SMALL VESSELS,
OFF ARTERIES, THAT GIVE RISE TO CAPILLARIES VEINS CARRY BLOOD TO
THE HEART VENULES RESULT OF CONVERGING CAPILLARIES THAT EVENTUALLY
FORM VEINS CAPILLARIES CONVEY BLOOD BETWEEN ARTERIES AND VEINS
WITHIN EACH ORGAN CAPILLARY BEDS NETWORKS OF CAPILLARIES THAT
INFILTRATE EVERY ORGAN AND TISSUE IN THE BODY
Slide 7
CIRCULATION VERTEBRATE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS REFLECT EVOLUTION
VERTEBRATE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS
Slide 8
CIRCULATION VERTEBRATE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS PULMONARY CIRCUIT
CARRIES BLOOD BETWEEN THE HEART AND THE GAS EXCHANGE TISSUES IN THE
LUNGS SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT CARRIES BLOOD BETWEEN THE HEART AND THE REST
OF THE BODY
Slide 9
CIRCULATION HUMAN HEART AND CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM TYPIFY THOSE
OF MAMMALS
Slide 10
CIRCULATION FOLLOWING THE PATH OF BLOOD RIGHT VENTRICLE
*PULMONARY ARTERIES* CAPILLARIES IN LUNGS *PULMONARY VEIN* LEFT
ATRIUM LEFT VENTRICLE AORTA ARTERIES BRANCH OFF AORTA SUPERIOR VENA
CAVA / INFERIOR VENA CAVA RIGHT ATRIUM *VAVA L VAVA*
Slide 11
CIRCULATION THE STRUCTURE OF BLOOD VESSELS FITS THEIR FUNCTION
ARTERIES THICKEST VEINS VALVES CAPILLARIES THINNEST
Slide 12
CIRCULATION THE HEART CONTRACTS AND RELAXES RHYTHMICALLY
CARDIAC CYCLE A COMPLETE SEQUENCE OF FILLING AND PUMPING OF THE
HEART DIASTOLE ENTIRE HEART IS RELAXED; BLOOD FLOWS INTO ALL FOUR
CHAMBERS AV VALVES ARE OPEN, ALLOWING BLOOD TO GO FROM ATRIUM TO
VENTRICLES SYSTOLE BRIEF CONTRACTION THAT FORCES ALL BLOOD INTO
VENTRICLES (0.1 SEC) VENTRICLES CONTRACT FOR ABOUT 0.3 SEC, CLOSING
AV VALVES AND OPENING SEMI-LUNAR VALVES WHICH PUMPS BLOOD INTO
ARTERIES
Slide 13
CIRCULATION THE HEART CONTRACTS AND RELAXES RHYTHMICALLY
CARDIAC OUTPUT THE VOLUME OF BLOOD PER MINUTE THAT THE LEFT
VENTRICLE PUMPS INTO THE SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT VALVES PREVENT BACKFLOW
AND KEEP BLOOD FLOWING IN RIGHT DIRECTION RESPONSIBLE FOR LUB-DUB
SOUND HEART MAKES WHEN DEFECTIVE, RESULTS IN A MURMUR EXTRA HEART
SOUNDS
Slide 14
CIRCULATION THE PACEMAKER SETS THE TEMPO OF THE HEARTBEAT
Slide 15
CIRCULATION THE PACEMAKER SETS THE TEMPO OF THE HEARTBEAT
PACEMAKER A.K.A. SA (SINOATRIAL) NODE; SPECIALIZED REGION OF
CARDIAC MUSCLE THAT MAINTAINS THE HEARTS PUMPING RHYTHYM BY SETTING
THE RATE AT WHICH ALL THE MUSCLE CELLS OF THE HEART CONTRACT
PACEMAKER GENERATES ELECTRICAL SIGNALS SIGNALS SPREAD THROUGHOUT
ATRIA; 0.1 SEC TO REACH AV (ATRIOVENTRICULAR) NODE SPECIALIZED
MUSCLE FIBERS RELAY SIGNALS AND CAUSE VENTRICLE CONTRACTION THAT
PUMPS BLOOD ARTIFICIAL PACEMAKER A TINY ELECTRONIC DEVICE
SURGICALLY IMPLANTED NEAR THE AV NODE; EMIT ELECTRICAL SIGNALS THAT
TRIGGER NORMAL HEARTBEATS
Slide 16
CIRCULATION WHAT IS A HEART ATTACK? HEART ATTACK FAILURE OF THE
HEART TO FUNCTION PROPERLY; DUE TO LACK OF OXYGEN BEING DELIVERED
TO CARDIAC CELLS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE DISEASES OF HEART AND BLOOD
VESSELS; ACCOUNTS FOR 40% OF ALL DEATHS IN U.S. ATHERIOSCLEROSIS
GROWTH OF PLAQUE DEVELOPS ON THE INNER WALLS OF THE ARTERIES,
NARROWING THE PASSAGES THROUGH WHICH BLOOD CAN FLOW
Slide 17
CIRCULATION BLOOD EXERTS PRESSURE ON VESSEL WALLS BLOOD
PRESSURE THE FORCE THAT BLOOD EXERTS AGAINST THE WALLS OF OUR BLOOD
VESSELS PULSE THE RHYTHMIC STRETCHING OF THE ARTERIES
Slide 18
CIRCULATION MEASURING BLOOD PRESSURE CAN REVEAL CARDIOVASCULAR
PROBLEMS HYPERTENSION HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE; MAY INDICATE A SEVERE
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Slide 19
CIRCULATION SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTROLS THE DISTRIBUTION OF BLOOD
SPHINCTERS EXIST THAT LIMIT BLOOD FLOW THROUGH CAPILLARY BEDS IF
BLOOD IS NOT NEEDED IN THOSE AREAS (EX. DIGESTIVE TRACT DURING
EXERCISE)
Slide 20
CIRCULATION CAPILLARIES ALLOW THE TRANSFER OF SUBSTANCES
THROUGH THEIR WALLS THE THIN WALLS MAKE THIS THE ONLY VESSEL WHERE
TRANSFER OF SUBSTANCES CAN TAKE PLACE
Slide 21
CIRCULATION BLOOD CONSISTS OF CELLS SUSPENDED IN PLASMA
Slide 22
CIRCULATION BLOOD CONSISTS OF CELLS SUSPENDED IN PLASMA ADULT
HUMAN ON AVERAGE HAS 4 6 LITERS OF BLOOD 4 PARTS TO BLOOD PLASMA
RED BLOOD CELLS WHITE BLOOD CELLS PLATELETS
Slide 23
CIRCULATION PLASMA LIQUID MADE UP OF 90% WATER, 10% INORGANIC
SALTS 55% OF BLOOD IS PLASMA WORKS TO MAINTAIN OSMOTIC BALANCE AND
PH
Slide 24
CIRCULATION RED BLOOD CELLS A.K.A. ERYTHROCYTES MOST NUMEROUS
BLOOD CELLS LACK NUCLEI AND MITOCHONDRIA FORMED IN BONE MARROW
CYCLE FOR 3-4 MONTHS BEFORE BROKEN DOWN AND RECYCLED IN THE LIVER
*ANEMIA* AN ABNORMALLY LOW AMOUNT OF HEMOGLOBIN OR A LOW NUMBER OF
RED BLOOD CELLS
Slide 25
CIRCULATION WHITE BLOOD CELLS A.K.A. LEUKOCYTES HELP DEFEND THE
BODY 5 TYPES BASOPHILS RELEASE CHEMICALS TO FIGHT INFECTION
NEUTROPHILS PHAGOCYTES MONOCYTES PHAGOCYTES EOSINOPHILS KILL
PARASITIC WORMS, HELP REDUCE ALLERGIES; NOT FULLY UNDERSTAND
LYMPHOCYTES KEY CELL IN IMMUNITY WILL DISCUSS IN MORE DETAIL DURING
IMMUNE SYSTEM
Slide 26
CIRCULATION PLATELETS BITS OF CYTOPLASM PINCHED OFF FROM LARGE
CELLS IN THE BONE MARROW IMPORTANT IN BLOOD CLOTTING
Slide 27
CIRCULATION BLOOD CLOTTING PLATELETS AND THE PLASMA PROTEIN
FIBRINOGEN ACT AS SEALANTS PROTHROMBIN IS CONVERTED TO THROMBIN
WHICH CONVERTS FIBRINOGEN TO FIBRIN FIBRIN THREAD-LIKE PROTEIN THAT
TRAPS BLOOD CELLS; FORMING PATCH UNTIL CONNECTIVE TISSUE CAN HEAL
CLOTTING MECHANISM DEFECTS CAN BE SERIOUS HEMOPHILIA THROMBOSIS
CLOTS WHEN THERE IS NO INJURY
Slide 28
CIRCULATION STEM CELLS OFFER A POTENTIAL CURE FOR LEUKEMIA AND
OTHER BLOOD CELL DISEASES STEM CELLS UNSPECIALIZED CELLS LEUKEMIA
CANCER OF THE WHITE BLOOD CELLS (LEUKOCYTES)
Slide 29
CIRCULATION SPEAKING OF DISEASESHOW DOES THE HUMAN BODY PROTECT
ITSELF?? THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IS NEXT!!!