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Model Driven Architectures and Eclipse
Technologies for the Power IndustryAlan McMorran B.Eng Ph.D
Open Grid SystemsOGO
CIM Network Model
Open Grid SystemsOGO
Information ModellingA simple introduction to CIM UML
2
OO Open Grid Systems
CIM UML
IEC 61970-301 defines the components in the power
system used by the EMS in UML
The definitions originally reflected how components
are modelled in existing EMS systems
As the scope of the CIM has grown the model has
changed to reflect its uses outside of transmission
operations
The majority of CIM classes have IdentifiedObject as
their root classes
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OO Open Grid Systems
Inheritance in the CIM
A Breaker is “a mechanical switching device capable of
making, carrying and breaking currents under normal
circuit conditions and also making, carrying for a
specified time, and breaking current under specified
abnormal circuit condition”
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Breaker
OO Open Grid Systems
Inheritance in the CIM
Breaker is a type of ProtectedSwitch,
with attributes to define the current
rating and transit time
ProtectedSwitch is a type of Switch that
can be operated by protection
equipment
Switch is a generic class for any piece of
conducting equipment that operates as
a switch in the network and has an
attribute to define whether the switch is
normally open or closed.
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inTransitTime : SecondsBreaker
breakingCapacity : CurrentFlowProtectedSwitch
normalOpen : Boolean
ratedCurrent : CurrentFlow
retained : Boolean
switchOnCount : Integer
switchOnDate : DateTime
Switch
OO Open Grid Systems
Inheritance in the CIM
ConductingEquipment is a type of
Equipment that is designed to carry
current or that are conductively
connected to the network and contains
an attribute to denote the phases
Equipment refers to any resource of the
power system that is a physical device,
whether it be electrical or mechanical
PowerSystemResource is used to
describe any resource within the power
system
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inTransitTime : SecondsBreaker
breakingCapacity : CurrentFlowProtectedSwitch
normalOpen : Boolean
ratedCurrent : CurrentFlow
retained : Boolean
switchOnCount : Integer
switchOnDate : DateTime
Switch
ConductingEquipment
Equipment
PowerSystemResource
+ mRID : String+ name : String
IdentifiedObject
OO Open Grid Systems
Defining Connectivity
IEC 61970-301 uses Connectivity Nodes and Terminals
to define component interconnections
Electrical Components (e.g. Breakers, Loads, Lines) do
not associate directly with each other
Instead any piece of Conducting Equipment has 1 or
more Terminals
The Connectivity Node class represents a zero-
impedance point of connection between Terminals
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OO Open Grid Systems
Connectivity
Everything that inherits from Conducting Equipment
can have Terminals
A Terminal has an association to a Connectivity Node
A ConnectivityNode can have multiple Terminal
associations
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ConductingEquipment Terminal ConnectivityNode
Terminals0..*
ConnectivityNode0..1
Terminals0..*
ConductingEquipment 1
OO Open Grid Systems
Interconnections
A simple Single Line
Diagram for a network
portion
Each component has one
terminal and all associate
with a single Connectivity
Node
Load A
Breaker 1ACLineSegment Alpha
ConnectivityNode I
Terminals
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OO Open Grid Systems
Multiple Terminals
In this example Breaker 1 has two Terminals
Measurements on the Breaker concerning electrical
properties can be assigned to either Terminal
Load A
Breaker 1
ACLineSegment Alpha
ConnectivityNode I
Terminals
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OO Open Grid Systems
Inheriting Connectivity
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+ mRID : String
+ name : String
IdentifiedObject
+ normalOpen : Boolean
+ ratedCurrent : CurrentFlow
+ retained : Boolean
+ switchOnCount : Integer
+ switchOnDate : DateTime
Switch
PowerSystemResource
Equipment
ConductingEquipment
+ breakingCapacity : CurrentFlow
ProtectedSwitch
+ inTransitTime : Seconds
BreakerLoadBreakSwitch
Terminal
ConnectivityNode
Terminals
0..*
ConnectivityNode
0..1
Terminals
0..*
ConductingEquipment
1
EnergyConsumer Conductor PowerTransformer
ACLineSegment DCLineSegment
Open Grid SystemsOGO
Modelling a SubstationTranslating a Substation schematic into CIM components
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OO Open Grid Systems
Simple Substation in CIM
This is a simple single
line diagram for a
substation stored in an
EMS
These electrical
components can be
mapped to components
from IEC 61970-301
17KV
132KV33KV
Generator Alpha
Breaker 17KV
CT 17KV
Transformer 17-132Transformer 17-33
Breaker 33KVBreaker 132KV
Load ALine I
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OO Open Grid Systems
Simple Substation in CIMThese main components
map directly to one piece
of Conducting Equipment
Generator Alpha also has
a an instance of
GeneratingUnit
This class represents “a
single or set of
synchronous machines
for converting
mechanical power into
alternating-current”
BusbarSection
ACLineSegmentEnergyConsumer
Breaker Breaker
Breaker
SynchronousMachine
17KV
132KV33KV
Generator Alpha
Breaker 17KV
CT 17KV
Transformer 17-132Transformer 17-33
Breaker33KV Breaker 132KV
Load A Line I
Busbar 17KV
GeneratingUnit
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OO Open Grid Systems
Transformers
A transformer is not mapped to a single CIM class
It is split down into a number of components with a
single PowerTransformer container class
A two-winding power transformer becomes two
PowerTransformerEnd objects within a
PowerTransformer container
If a tap changer is present to control one of the
windings then an instance of a PhaseTapChanger or
RatioTapChanger class is associated with that
particular winding
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OO Open Grid Systems
Transformer Classes
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ConductingEquipment
PowerTransformer
TransformerEnd
PowerTransformer0..1
TransformerTankEnd1..*
PowerTransformerEnd0..*
TerminalTerminals0..*
ConductingEquipment1
Terminal1
TransformerEnd0..*
PowerTransformerEnd
PowerTransformer1
TransformerTank
TransformerTankEnd
TransformerTanks0..*
TransformerTanks0..1
TransformerStarImpedance
TransformerCoreAdmittance
TransformerMeshImpedance
TransformerEnd0..*
TransformerEnd0..* FromTransformerEnd
1 ToTransformerEnd1..*
FromMeshImpedance0..* ToMeshImpedance
0..*
StarImpedance0..1
CoreAdmittance0..1
OO Open Grid Systems
Tap Changers
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TransformerEnd
PhaseTapChanger
TransformerEnd1
TapChanger
RatioTapChanger
PhaseTapChangerNonLinear
PhaseTapChangerLinear
PhaseTapChangerSymmetrical
PhaseTapChangerAsymmetrical
TransformerEnd1
PhaseTapChanger0..1
RatioTapChanger0..1
OO Open Grid Systems
Transformer Mapping
In the example SLD each transformer
results in six CIM objects
The impedance can be modelled as
Mesh or Star in a separate object
The core admittance is similarly
modelled as a separate object
A transformer with a tertiary or
quartiary winding can be
represented as a single
PowerTransformer containing three
or four instances of the
PowerTransformerEnd class
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PowerTransformerEnd
PowerTransformerEnd
PowerTransformer
RatioTapChanger
TransformerMeshImpedance
TransformerCoreAdmittance
Terminal
Terminal
OO Open Grid Systems
Current Transformer
A current transformer (CT) does not map directly to a
piece of conducting equipment in the CIM hierarchy
for Transmission
In an EMS the CT does not affect the network
behaviour and is represented as a point of
measurement
As such a CT is represented as an instance of
Measurement assigned to a particular Terminal
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OO Open Grid Systems
Containment
CIM has an EquipmentContainer class that provides a
means of grouping pieces of Equipment together to
represent both electrical and non-electrical
containment
Subclasses of EquipmentContainer include:
VoltageLevel
Bay
Substation
Line
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OO Open Grid Systems
Substation Containment
Within Substations there is a
containment hierarchy for the
subclasses of
EquipmentContainer
A Bay can contain equipment
A VoltageLevel can contain
equipment and Bays
A Substation can contain
equipment, VoltageLevels and
Bays
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ConductingEquipment
Equipment EquipmentContainer
Substation
VoltageLevel
Bay
OO Open Grid Systems
ContainmentSubstations (and Lines) are contained
by SubGeographicalRegions
Which in turn are within a
GeographicalRegion
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ConductingEquipment
Equipment EquipmentContainer
Substation
VoltageLevel
Bay
Line
SubGeographicalRegion
GeographicalRegion
OO Open Grid Systems
Circuit as CIM Objects
17KV
132KV33KV
Generator Alpha
Breaker 17KV
CT 17KV
Transformer 17-132Transformer 17-33
Breaker 33KVBreaker 132KV
Load ALine I
ConnectivityNode
Terminal
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OO Open Grid Systems
Circuit as CIM Objects
17KV
132KV33KV
Generator Alpha
Breaker 17KV
CT 17KV
Transformer 17-132Transformer 17-33
Breaker 33KVBreaker 132KV
Load ALine I
ConnectivityNode
Terminal
Load and Breaker in a
33kV VoltageLevel
Breaker in a 132kV
VoltageLevel
ACLineSegment in a
Line
Busbar, Breaker and
SynchronousMachine
in 17kV VoltageLevel
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EnergyConsumer
Breaker33KV
Load A
Breaker
VoltageLevel
BaseVoltage33KV
Breaker132KVBreaker
VoltageLevel
BaseVoltage132KV
Line IACLineSegment
VoltageLevel
BusbarSectionMeasurement
SynchronousMachineGenerator Alpha
Breaker 17KV
GeneratingUnit
Breaker
BaseVoltage17KV
OO Open Grid Systems
Substation
Circuit as
CIM Objects33kV->17kV
Transformer as a
PowerTransformer
with 2 Windings and a
TapChanger
Same with 132Kv-
>17kV Transformer
VoltageLevels and
PowerTransformers
contained in a
Substation
ConnectivityNode
Terminal
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EnergyConsumer
Breaker33KV
Load A
Breaker
VoltageLevel
BaseVoltage33KV
Breaker132KVBreaker
VoltageLevel
BaseVoltage132KV
Line IACLineSegment
VoltageLevel
BusbarSectionMeasurement
SynchronousMachineGenerator Alpha
Breaker 17KV
GeneratingUnit
Breaker
BaseVoltage17KV
PowerTransformerEnd
PowerTransformerEndRatioTapChanger
TransformerMeshImpedance
TransformerCore
Admittance
PowerTransformerEnd
PowerTransformerEndRatioTapChanger
TransformerMeshImpedance
TransformerCore
Admittance
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Substation
EnergyConsumer
Breaker33KV
Load A
Breaker
VoltageLevel
BaseVoltage33KV
Breaker132KVBreaker
VoltageLevel
BaseVoltage132KV
Line IACLineSegment
VoltageLevel
BusbarSectionMeasurement
SynchronousMachineGenerator Alpha
Breaker 17KV
GeneratingUnit
Breaker
BaseVoltage17KV
PowerTransformerEnd
PowerTransformerEndRatioTapChanger
TransformerMeshImpedance
TransformerCore
Admittance
PowerTransformerEnd
PowerTransformerEndRatioTapChanger
TransformerMeshImpedance
TransformerCore
Admittance
17KV
132KV33KV
Generator Alpha
Breaker 17KV
CT 17KV
Transformer 17-132Transformer 17-33
Breaker 33KVBreaker 132KV
Load ALine I
Open Grid SystemsOGO
Topological vs ConnectivityNode Breaker/Bus Branch modelling in the CIM
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OO Open Grid Systems
Topological Nodes
The Equipment model uses Connectivity Nodes and
Terminals to define the connectivity between
components
This represents a Node-Breaker view of the network
familiar to operations systems
In planning applications it is more common to use a
Bus-Branch model that represents buses that are
computed by a Topological Processor
CIM supports both views of the data
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OO Open Grid Systems
Planning buses
In a bus-branch view of the network there are a
number of buses and interconnecting branches
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OO Open Grid Systems
Operational Buses
An operational view of the same network shows switches
between the bus bar sections
Different switch configurations will result in different bus
configurations
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OO Open Grid Systems
Operational Buses
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OO Open Grid Systems
Operational Buses
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OO Open Grid Systems
Operational Buses
Depending upon the purpose of the exchange a utility
may be required only to export these computed
Topological Nodes rather than the detailed network
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OO Open Grid Systems
Topological Node Connectivity
The Topological Node connectivity is defined in the
same way as that of the Connectivity node
A Terminal can have one or more Topological Node
associations
This is the Equipment on the edge of the Topological
Node (e.g. EnergyConsumer, ACLineSegment,
SynchronousMachine)
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Load A
ACLineSegment BetaACLineSegment Alpha
Topological Node I
Terminals
Open Grid SystemsOGO
Summary
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OO Open Grid Systems
Summary
The CIM Equipment Profile defines the components in
the network model and the connectivity
This is the core of the electrical network model
defining a model that represents the state of the
network at a single point in time
To this static model Steady State Hypothesis and
Measurement data can be applied to alter the
characteristics of components for a given scenario
Connectivity and Topological Nodes behave in a
similar way but represent different levels of detail for
the network
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