CIFER Improving Efficiency...WAM is being used at Fort St John and Vancouver Harbour to improve the efficiency of flight operations. Another WAM system is being implemented in Kelowna

CIFERCollaborative Initiatives For Emissions Reductions

STATUS UPDATE 2012

Improving Efficiency and the Environment

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CIFER by ThE NUmbERS

6.6M metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions avoided between 1997–2010

12M aircraft movements annually

$1.7B invested in system since 1996

$1.7B customer fuel cost savings 1997–2010

18M square km of airspace

$5.3B projected fuel savings 2011–2020

$7B projected total fuel savings 1997–2020

14M metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions reductions forecasted 2011–2020

20.6M metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions reductions forecasted 1997–2020

FoRwaRd FRom thE PREsIdEnt and CEo

I am pleased to provide a status update on our Collaborative Initiatives for Emissions Reductions (CIFER) activities. This is the third report on our efforts to deliver key efficiency gains to our customers across the Air Navigation System (ANS).

This year, NAV CANADA established a new overarching corporate objective related to environmental stewardship.

I have always been a strong believer that, no matter what business you’re in, there are three key elements to success:

• establishing the right objectives,

• measuring performance, and

• reporting in a transparent way.

This status report is key to the third of those elements. It is our way of reporting on our continuous efforts with respect to the environment and the results they are having.

Last year’s report showed the cumulative effect of NAV CANADA initiatives since the company’s inception in 1996 with forecast numbers to 2016. This year we have extended our forecasts to 2020 to align with the ICAO resolution on voluntary goals for international aviation emissions. The achievements continue to be significant, in terms of both customer cost savings and reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

We forecast that by 2020, our collaborative efforts and initiatives will enable about 21 million metric tons of GHG emission reductions and facilitate customer fuel savings of $7 billion.

The environment is an issue which demands global solutions, particularly in the aviation sector. We are working with customers and our ANSP colleagues on many new initiatives that will help generate further efficiency gains in the future. We recognize the importance of modernizing the ANS in a way that ensures continued global interoperability and are encouraged by the prospect of the changes we can achieve together.

But as the saying goes, the environment demands that we think globally and act locally. For that reason we have chosen to include in this year’s report information on initiatives to reduce our own environmental footprint as an air navigation service provider.

John Crichton President and CEO NAV CANADA

Overarching Objective

Identifying, and where feasible, introducing measurable benefits which contribute to the reduction of the environmental footprint of the aviation industry.

4 NAV CANAdA | Improving Efficiency and the Environment

It is our combined efforts that hold the most opportunity for success. Through constant collaboration with our customers, stakeholders and employees, we will implement quality improvements to the ANS and be successful in reducing the impact of aviation on the environment.

Rudy Kellar Vice President, Operations NAV CANADA

5NAV CANAdA | Improving Efficiency and the Environment


En Route and airport EfficiencyReduced Vertical separation minimum (RVsm)RVSM has increased the available capacity in Canadian airspace, reducing the vertical aircraft separation requirement for eligible aircraft from 2,000 ft to 1,000 ft between Flight Level (FL) 290 and FL 410 inclusive. Pilots have more opportunity to request preferred flight profiles which reduce fuel burn and improve efficiency.

Polar RoutesPolar Routes provide more efficient routing between cities in North America and Asia, substantially reducing flight times and emissions. In November 2011 required lateral separation in the polar region between qualified aircraft was reduced from 60 nm to 50 nm, improving our ability to offer optimum routing prior to entering neighbouring Russian airspace. The implementation of RVSM in Russian airspace, as well as the addition of new entry points has further improved both capacity and flight profiles.

north atlantic (nat) Random RoutingNAT Random Routing allows aircraft arriving westbound from Europe over Newfoundland and Labrador to transit to North American destinations using more efficient routes.

northern organized track system (ots)The Northern OTS uses airline-generated preferred route messages (PRMs) to provide the most efficient routes for aircraft exiting the North Atlantic to destinations in western North American cities. These tracks will be phased out in 2013.

northern Radar Expansion ProgramSeven new-generation radar surveillance systems installed in Canada’s North provide coverage that enhances capacity, efficiency and safety for domestic, polar route and international en route traffic.

automatic dependent surveillance-Broadcast (ads-B): hudson BayADS-B over Hudson Bay, first implemented in 2009, allows for the reduced separation between equipped aircraft to five nm (from 80 nm). With more fuel-efficient routes, and increased customer equipage, there will be a corresponding increase in fuel savings and a reduction in GHG emissions. Over 35,000 flights per year can benefit from the reduction in separation afforded by ADS-B with almost 1,000 aircraft currently certified for ADS-B operations in Canadian airspace.

ads-B: oceanicSix ground stations in north eastern Canada (Baffin Island and Labrador Coast) and four stations in southern Greenland extend ADS-B surveillance to parts of the North Atlantic, the world’s busiest oceanic airspace.

north warning system – surveillanceNAV CANADA can now access data from a portion of the Department of National Defence North Warning System. This provides an additional 40 minutes of surveillance for aircraft not equipped for ADS-B, flying westbound over the Atlantic Ocean. Preferred altitudes and routing reduce fuel consumption and facilitate efficient loading of North Atlantic tracks.

CIFER at a GlanCE

multilateration (mlat)NAV CANADA has deployed Wide Area Multilateration (WAM) and Airport Surface Multilateration to improve surveillance capability where it is more cost effective than radar or it is required to address gaps in radar coverage. WAM is being used at Fort St John and Vancouver Harbour to improve the efficiency of flight operations. Another WAM system is being implemented in Kelowna for spring 2012, and others are under consideration. Meanwhile, airport surface MLAT is already deployed at Montreal Trudeau International Airport, and is planned for Calgary and Toronto Pearson International Airports.

area navigation (RnaV)RNAV enables equipped aircraft to fly on any flight path within coverage of ground- or GPS-based navigational aids within the limits of their system. Benefits include better access to point-to-point operations, increased opportunity for more efficient en route and airport operations, thus reducing fuel burn. There are currently over 700 RNAV instrument procedures in Canada.

Required navigation Performance (RnP)RNP adds onboard performance monitoring and alerting to RNAV, permitting “short-turn” approaches. These approaches feature constant descent, eliminating less efficient step-down approaches and enabling reductions in fuel consumption. New design criteria for public RNP will be made available in 2012 by Transport Canada, permitting the expanded application and benefits. There are over 70 RNP procedures in Canada.

scheduling and sequencing system (sass)SASS is used to help schedule and sequence airport arrival traffic, allocating available landing slots and minimizing delays when demand exceeds capacity. With SASS, controllers can maximize airport efficiency during traffic surges, thereby reducing aircraft fuel burn.

windsor-toronto-montreal airspace and services ProjectNAV CANADA is currently reviewing the Windsor-Toronto-Montreal corridor in consultation with customers and the Federal Aviation Administration. The review focuses on the implementation of ICAO performance-based navigation (PBN) concepts to improve operational efficiency in departure, en route and arrival phases. Phase I of the Project was implemented in early 2012.

alberta airspace and services ProjectA review of the Calgary-Edmonton Airspace has commenced. This project has been initiated in anticipation of the parallel runway at Calgary International Airport, scheduled for completion in 2014. Similar to the Windsor-Toronto-Montreal project, it will focus on the implementation of ICAO PBN concepts to improve operational efficiency in the departure and arrival phases.


We thank NAV CANADA for the ENGAGE trials which allowed us to demonstrate how efficiency can be improved and environmental impact reduced. Through flexible responsiveness we were able to capture even more benefits than originally envisaged by ENGAGE. NAV CANADA showed us the possibilities

and benefits of changing altitudes and we look forward to routinely flying as many flights as possible with these efficient and environmentally friendly profiles.

Captain Rocky Stone—Chief Surveillance Pilot United Airlines

In heading up the ENGAGE Corridor Project, NAV CANADA demonstrated its proficiency, flexibility and leadership in conducting the North Atlantic flight trials. Through NAV CANADA’s close collaboration with its partners NATS and Air France, along with the participating airlines,

Air Canada, British Airways, United and Delta, this project indicated that considerable benefits in reduced fuel burn and greenhouse gas emissions could be achieved in the most complex and busiest oceanic airspace.

Alain Siebert—Chief Economics and Environment SESAR Joint Undertaking



En Route and airport Efficiency

Initiatives Results status total achievable Customer Benefits: Program start to 2020

Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM)

Capacity enhancement $1,787 Million 5,333,000 mt CO2e

Polar Routes Efficiency enhancement $2,723 Million 7,720,000 mt CO2e

North Atlantic Random Routing Efficiency enhancement $138 Million 391,000 mt CO2e

Northern Organized Track System (Northern OTS)

Efficiency enhancement $57 Million 169,000 mt CO2e

Northern Radar Expansion Program Capacity enhancement $498 Million 1,517,000 mt CO2e

ADS-B: Hudson Bay Capacity and efficiency enhancement $288 Million 778,000 mt CO2e

ADS-B: Oceanic Capacity and efficiency enhancement $91 Million 239,000 mt CO2e

North Warning System – Surveillance

Capacity and efficiency enhancement $53 Million 143,000 mt CO2e

continued on next page

CIFER status uPdatE

Emerging In progress Mature Complete


Initiatives Results status total achievable Customer Benefits: Program start to 2020

Area Navigation (RNAV) Improved access to point-to-point operations

$607 Million 2,184,000 mt CO2e

Reduced Longitudinal Separation Minimum (RLongSM)

Capacity and efficiency enhancement on the North Atlantic

$9 Million 24,000 mt CO2e

Required Navigation Performance (RNP)

Descent optimization $132 Million 361,000 mt CO2e

Scheduling and Sequencing System (SASS)

Traffic flow optimization $180 Million 549,000 mt CO2e

Windsor-Toronto-Montreal Airspace and Services Review

Delay reductions, capacity enhancement and more efficient operations through the application of PBN

Phase 1 was implemented in February 2012. Phases 2–4 will be completed by 2015.

$51 Million 133,000 mt CO2e

Alberta Airspace and Services Project

Delay reductions, capacity enhancements and more efficient operations through application of PBN

Planning has commenced. First phase will be fully implemented in 2014.

Completed to date $4 Million 11,000 mt CO2e


technology Innovation

Initiatives Results status achievable Customer Benefits

Canadian Automated Air Traffic System (CAATS)

Efficiency enhancement and faster response to customer requests.

CAATS, an advanced flight data management system, integrates all individual flight information, allowing controllers to handle increased traffic more efficiently and safely. It is fully deployed in Canada’s domestic airspace. Additional enhancements to CAATS are under development, including medium term conflict detection, electronic flight strips and domestic controller pilot data link communications (CPDLC).

Gander Automated Air Traffic System (GAATS+)

Efficiency enhancement GAATS+ is an advanced oceanic air traffic system that automates flight data processing so controllers can manage both random and track based traffic. Integrated into GAATS+ are CPDLC and ADS-C (Contract), which will facilitate the phased implementation of reduced separation in the North Atlantic, allowing equipped aircraft to request optimal flight profiles.

NAVCANsuite Integrated Tower Automation Products

Efficiency enhancement NAV CANADA’s integrated suite of air traffic management products includes electronic flight strips, an operational information display system, a digital-automatic terminal information service and terminal surveillance displays, giving controllers and other ATS specialists the enhanced ability to access, manage and transfer information critical to air traffic control.

continued on next page

Emerging In progress Mature Complete

Continuous collaboration between the Air Navigation Service Provider and customers is key to understanding operational issues and to finding solutions. Over the years, NAV CANADA personnel

have demonstrated a pro-active, collaborative approach to working with Porter Airlines to improve service and operational efficiency.

Justin Tiplady—Director, Flight Technical Porter Airlines

Initiatives Results status achievable Customer Benefits

FSS Modernization Project Efficiency enhancement Program will result in the modernization of all Flight Service Stations, by adding NAVCANsuite technology, as applicable, at all FSS locations.

Multilateration (MLAT) Efficiency enhancement MLAT provides high accuracy, low cost surveillance using existing transponder technology. It improves situational awareness in areas where radar coverage is not available, allowing for the management of complex traffic flow and resulting in safer, more efficient operations for customers.

Video Surveillance Efficiency enhancement As a stand alone system or integrated into existing airport surveillance systems (ASDE, MLAT), video surveillance will provide increased capability leading to more efficient ground operations.

Data link Efficiency enhancement Improves communications in Remote and Oceanic Airspace where other means are limited. Data link applications include CPDLC, ADS-C, and C-ADS.


Photo courtesy of Tom Podolec

The National Airlines Council of Canada continues to value the collaborative and transparent approach NAV CANADA takes with all its customers on implementing changes to the Air Navigation System. Specifically, the leadership the company has demonstrated with respect to implementing

Performance Based Navigation is greatly appreciated and will lead to further operational efficiencies for our members.

Bruce Flodstedt—Chair, Flight Operations Sub-Committee National Airlines Council of Canada

The application of Searidge’s ATC-grade video surveillance, integrated with existing airport surveillance capability or deployed as a standalone system, will provide both

airport operators and air navigation service providers with an innovative, cost effective technology to improve safety and efficiency.

Moodie Cheikh—Chief Executive Officer Searidge Technologies


Photo courtesy of Fred Giammattei


Cumulative Tons (000) of CO2 Equivalent Avoided Since 1997 and Cumulative Millions of dollars* of Fuel Saved

$0

$2,000

$4,000

$6,000

$8,000

$10,000

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Cum

ulat

ive

Mill

ions

of D

olla

rs*o

f Fue

l Sav

ed

Cum

ulat

ive

CO

2e T

ons

Avo

ided

(in

thou

sand

s)

$8 $58 $84 $125 $189 $314 $489$695

$1,026$1,359

$1,731$2,121

$2,607

$3,098$3,605

$4,126

$4,665

$5,222

$5,797

$6,394

$7,011

$23 $39$1580 488 686 977 1,343

1,8922,615

3,4324,393

5,4256,574

7,780

9,059

10,348

11,680

13,052

14,469

15,932

17,446

19,013

20,637

248 350163

*Canadian Dollarsprojected


Annual Tons (000) of CO2 Equivalent Avoided Since 1997 and Annual Millions of dollars* of Fuel Saved

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

$0

$100

$200

$300

$400

$500

$600

$700

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Ann

ual M

illio

ns o

f Dol

lars

*of F

uel S

aved

Ann

ual C

O2e

Ton

s A

void

ed (i

n th

ousa

nds)

$8 $19 $26$41

$64

$125

$174$206

$331 $334

$372$390

$486 $491 $507$522

$539$557

$576$596

$618

$8 $16$7

80139

198291

366

548

723

817

962

1,0321,149

1,2061,279

1,2901,332

1,3721,416

1,4641,514

1,5681,624

85 10283

*Canadian Dollarsprojected

16

International Civil aviation organization (ICao)NAV CANADA recognizes that improving operational efficiency on a global scale requires significant international collaboration. Many of our customers are international carriers who want harmonized and seamless operations from gate to gate. That is why NAV CANADA fully participates in ICAO initiatives to develop new international standards and recommended practices for international aviation. One example of this is the Company’s significant involvement with the development of the ICAO documentation for Performance Based Navigation.

In addition, NAV CANADA views the ICAO Aviation System Block Upgrade (ASBU) program as a means to facilitate harmonized changes to the global navigation system at a much faster pace. Recognizing that the ASBU program is not a one size fits all concept, NAV CANADA has and will continue to implement capability and make improvements where appropriate in reference to this international program.

Green trialsDuring 2010 and 2011, NAV CANADA collaborated in several global programs under the umbrella of the Single European Sky ATM Research Joint Undertaking (SJU).

The common objective of three distinct projects was to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases by applying different procedures to air traffic management, especially on flights over the North Atlantic Ocean.

The three projects were:

1. The ENGAGE Corridor

2. Reduced Longitudinal Separation Minimum in the North Atlantic (RLongSM)

3. Airbus A380 Transatlantic Green Flights (A380 TGF)

CollaBoRatInG GloBally



the EnGaGE CorridorThe ENGAGE Corridor project was designed to measure the reduction of aircraft emissions in North Atlantic Oceanic airspace by varying aircraft altitude and/or Mach and to determine how these trials could be safely and efficiently translated into standard operations for NAT Oceanic flights.

Air carrier participants included Air Canada, Air France, British Airways, Delta Airlines, and United Airlines. The results of the trials revealed that an average of 500 litres of fuel was saved per optimized trial, representing an average of 1.9 percent of the planned Oceanic fuel burn.

Reduced longitudinal separation minimumAircraft flying on the same track of the Organized Track System (OTS) over the North Atlantic Ocean (NAT) are normally separated from each other by ten minutes longitudinally. With RLongSM, aircraft can fly at reduced longitudinal separation, as low as five minutes.

This trial procedure was introduced in the Gander and Shanwick OCAs. RLongSM is available to aircraft with specific position determining and reporting capabilities onboard. Air traffic controllers are able to distinguish these capable aircraft and can offer them opportunities to reach more fuel efficient altitudes earlier and more often on account of this new separation standard.

This project analyzed the benefits of this reduced longitudinal separation standard on the NAT region and found that, depending on the scenario, fuel consumption was reduced by up to 171 kilograms per trial.

airbus a380 transatlantic Green FlightsThe A380 TGF project measured optimizations of Air France A380 flights between New York and Paris. During the oceanic portion of the flight trials, aircraft were accommodated at FL 390 and above, where less

traffic is encountered, allowing for dynamic re-routing to take advantage of the wind conditions. An average reduction in fuel consumption of 600 kilograms per trial was achieved.

three Green – work, home, CommunityThe intent of the Three Green initiative is to engage NAV CANADA and our employees in the practice and promotion of resource conservation at work, at home, and in our communities, particularly in the area of energy conservation and greenhouse gas emissions.

NAV CANADA has developed an internal voluntary carbon footprint report for our major facilities to establish a baseline and identify areas for improvement.

NAV CANADA is adopting the International Standard ISO 14064-1 which specifies principles and requirements at the organization level for quantification and reporting of GHG emissions and removals. We will enhance our current reporting to follow this standard, allowing us to benchmark and provide an accurate picture of our facilities’ footprint based on industry standard. This will provide us with the ability to identify opportunities to improve efficiency and reduce the impact on the environment from facility operations.

A Three Green group has been active in energy conservation by promoting energy efficiency, carpooling, cycling, no idling, and the implementation of new energy efficient technologies.


lookInG ahEad wIth CIFER

NAV CANADA continues to collaborate with our customers, stakeholders and employees on new initiatives that will improve operational efficiency. As a result of this collaboration, NAV CANADA is focusing on increasing Performance Based Navigation applications, extending surveillance and communications coverage, and improving airspace utilization.

Performance-Based navigation (PBn)PBN is viewed as a major enabler to improving efficiency and reducing fuel burn in Canada’s airspace.

NAV CANADA continues to pursue PBN initiatives. These initiatives will eventually result in a total PBN environment in Canada. As well, NAV CANADA has been proactive internationally and domestically with regard to influencing the development of standards and regulations necessary for the timely implementation of PBN in Canada.

surveillance and CommunicationsNAV CANADA continues to expand surveillance coverage through a combination of current and emerging technologies that are facilitating the transition to a dependent cooperative surveillance environment. ADS-B, Multilateration, both WAM and Airport Surface, and integrated video are all being utilized to provide improved surveillance capability for specific airspace or airport environments. The future expansion of these capabilities in Canada will continue to be assessed and where there is a positive business case, additional surveillance coverage will be implemented.

Communications initiatives are being undertaken that will see expanded use of SATCOM and data link in both domestic and oceanic airspace. In the North Atlantic, the combination of CPDLC and ADS-C position reports are allowing appropriately equipped aircraft to cross the ocean using reduced separation. Further expansion of CPDLC services in northern airspace occurred in late 2011 and will be expanded in 2012. The next step will be to expand CPDLC into radar-controlled airspace.

airspace utilization Improvements in airspace utilization are already yielding significant benefits. We are currently working with our customers and other Air Navigation Service Providers to apply reduced longitudinal and lateral separation over the North Atlantic that will increase airspace capacity. Furthermore, we will continue to expand our efforts to redefine domestic airspace, both terminal and en route, using new ATM technologies and PBN concepts, resulting in better airspace utilization, improved efficiency, and reduced fuel burn.

ConclusionThis CIFER Status Update provides a revised overview of the various technological and operational initiatives that have been implemented as well as those that are emerging. It also identifies the achievable benefits in reduced fuel burn and greenhouse gas emissions, resulting from these initiatives. In the years ahead, NAV CANADA looks forward to continued collaboration with our customers and partners to identify new initiatives that will help reduce the impact of aviation on the environment.


• NAV CANADA has made every effort to be as specific as possible with respect to the achievable benefits. In establishing these, NAV CANADA has used, among others, the following resources:

» Average annual jet fuel cost: Industry and operator news and financial releases

» Average U.S. to Canadian Dollar Exchange: Bank of Canada http://www.bank-banque-canada.ca/en/rates/exchange.html

» Percentage changes in traffic movements: NAV CANADA COMPASS Service Delivery Reporting System

» Average aircraft fuel consumption per minute: EUROCONTROL BADA http://www.eurocontrol.int/eec/public/standard_page/proj_BADA.html

• Greenhouse Gas (GHG) refers to those gases in an atmosphere that absorb and emit radiation within the thermal infrared range. In the Earth’s atmosphere, these gases are water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone.

• In aviation, one litre of aviation fuel produces the following types of GHG emissions:

» Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 2.55000 kg

» Methane (CH4) 0.00168 kg

» Nitrous Oxide (N2O) 0.07750 kg

Total CO2e 2.62918 kg

• Some of the assumptions and formulae used for this report include:

» Projected costs for aviation fuel were established at CAD $0.85/litre for 2010 and 2011 and CAD $1.00/litre from 2012 to 2020.

» Projected air traffic volumes from 2011 forward are NAV CANADA estimates.

» One metric ton equals 1,250 litres of jet fuel at a density of 0.80 kg/litre.

• NAV CANADA estimates are predicated upon customers taking advantage of the new services and procedures when they become available. Actual uptake may be affected by the availability of equipment, government certifications, training and more. The Company is confident that the report reasonably reflects achievable reductions in GHG emissions and the overall impact of our activities on our customers’ costs.

notEs and BaCkGRound InFoRmatIon

77 Metcalfe Street, Ottawa, ON K1P 5L6 CANADATelephone: 1-800-876-4693 Fax: 1-877-663-6656

Email: [email protected]

Documents

CIFER Improving Efficiency...WAM is being used at Fort St John and Vancouver Harbour to improve the efficiency of flight operations. Another WAM system is being implemented in Kelowna