CIE-524, Advanced Design of Steel StructuresM. Bruneau, Ph.D., P.Eng, 130 Ketter Hall

Objectives:This course focuses on the design of ductile steel structures in an earthquake-resistant designperspective. The material presented in this course, while mostly independent of structuralengineering codes, will use the AISC Seismic Provisions as a case-study to allow an in-depthunderstanding of the fundamental behaviors on which ductile design is founded (and embedded inall modern steel codes and standards). Although emphasis is to be placed on design concepts andstrategies pertinent to steel structures, the methods presented can (with certain modifications) beapplied to other materials.

A broader understanding of the behavior of steel structures as systems, in opposition to individualelements only, is to be achieved through this course. This is of uppermost importance in failureinvestigation projects, and for the evaluation of existing structures (the structural engineeringmarket for the next century).

Co-InstructorMr. Mark D. Molnar, P.E., Principal of the Wendel*Duchscherer engineering consulting firm, willco-teach CIE-524, providing a valuable consultant perspective to the material presented.95 John Muir D rive, Su ite 10 0, B uffalo, N Y 1 42 28 , (71 6) 6 88 -0766 phone , 62 5-682 5 fax , e-mail: mmolnar@ wendelduchscherer.com

Prerequisite:Basic courses in analysis of statically indeterminate structures and design of steel structures arenecessary. These may have been taken in any country using any steel code.

Required Text:C Ductile Design of Steel Structures, by Bruneau, Uang and Whittaker. The course follows this

textbook very closely. Some sections will be covered by reading assignments.C AISC Manual of Steel Construction, Vol.I, by the American Institute of Steel Construction.

Other Textbooks of interest:Although there exists no other book appropriate for this course, the following books cover somematerial relevant to the subject of ductile design of steel structures. C Plastic Design and Second-Order Analysis of Steel Frames, Chen and Sohal, Springer-

Verlag.C Plastic Design of Low-Rise Frames, Horne and Morris, MIT PressC Guide to Stability Design Criteria for Metal Structures, Fourth Edition, T.V. Galambos,

Prentice Hall.C The Seismic Design Handbook, F. Naeim, Van Nostrand Reinhold.

Course Organization:C 3 hours of lecture per weekC Approximately 5 homework assignments (15% of grade). C Three projects (details to be given during course) (35%).C One final exam (50%)

Policy about Academic FraudStudents caught cheating will be given a F-grade. Their case will also be brought to the attentionof the UB committee responsible to review cases of academic fraud, with a recommendation of“expulsion from the program”.

Lecture Instructor Topic

Jan.24 MDM Review of Tension, Compression, and Flexure Design per AISC: Theobjective is to rapidly present the AISC design equations. Students are expectedto have learned the basic of steel design in their undergraduate studies.However, foreign students may have used different design codes and standards.The objective of this review is to ensure that all students are up-to-speed withthe AISC equations, as well as to provide a practical perspective on the use ofthese equations and optimal use of the AISC Manual to accelerate the designprocess.

Jan. 31 MB Structural Steel: Common properties of steel material, Engineering stress-strain curve, Effect of temperature on stress-strain curve, Effect of temperatureon ductility and notch-toughness, Strain rate effect on tensile and yieldstrengths, Probable yield strength, Plasticity, Hysteresis, Baushinger effects,Metallurgical process of yielding, Slip planes, Brittleness in Welded Sections,Metallurgical transformations during welding, Heat Affected Zone, Pre-Heating, Hydrogen embrittlement, Carbon equivalent, Flame cutting, Weldsrestraints, Lamellar tearing, Thick steel sections, Fracture mechanics, Partialpenetration welds, Low-cycle versus high-cycle fatigue.

Feb. 7 MDM Codes, Loads and Lateral Force Systems. Review of co-specified lateralloads (ASCE-7, NEHRP, etc.), and the various types of lateral force systems forthe design of low-rise steel buildings. Industrial building design - ReviewProject #1

Feb. 14 MB Plastic Behavior of Cross-Sections (emphasis on double symmetricsections): Cyclic Plasticity concept using Elasto-perfectly Plastic Model, PureFlexural Yielding (Impact of residual stresses and other factors on inelasticflexural behavior, Behavior during cyclic loading), Combined flexural and axialloading (Rectangular cross section, Wide-flange sections - Strong and weak axisbending, Moment curvature relationships), Combined flexural and shearloading, Combined flexural, axial and shear loading

Feb. 21 MDM Beam-Columns: Design of Beam-columns per AISC Specification.

Feb. 28 MB Basic Concepts of Plastic Analysis: Simple Plastic Analysis Methods (Step-by-step method, Equilibrium method (Statical Method), Kinematic Method(Virtual-Work Method)), Theorems of Simple Plastic Analysis (Upper boundtheorem, Lower bound theorem, Uniqueness theorem), Applications of theKinematic Method (Basic Mechanisms Types, Combined Mechanism,Mechanism Analysis by Center of Rotation, Distributed Loads), Capacity design(Concepts, Shear failure protection, Column hinging protection, Monotonic andSimple Cyclic Push-over Analysis), Seismic design using plastic analysis,Seismic limit state philosophy, Seismic Design Procedures in Modern Codes,Two-Level Seismic Design Code (e.g. NCHRP 12-49), Physical Meaning ofSeismic Force Reduction and Displacement Amplifications Factors.

March 7 MB Design of Ductile Braced Framing Systems: Concentrically Braced Frames(Development of CBFs, Cyclic Axial Load Response, Nonlinear Response ofConcentric Braces, Brace slenderness, Brace End Conditions, Section Shape),CBF Design Philosophy (Lateral Stiffness of CBFs, CBF Collapse Mechanisms,Braces, Connections, Columns and beams, Improved Chevron BracingConfigurations), Eccentrically-braced Frames (Development of EBFs , EBFDesign Philosophy, EBF Frame Geometry, Kinematics of the EBF, LinkBehavior and Length, Link Strength and Deformations Calculations, LinkDetails, Frame Design Outside Links)

March 14 MDM Ductile Braced Frames: Development of detailed design example. Project #2 -Implementation of ductile CBF and EBF in the building of Project #1.

March 21 MB Seismic Design of Ductile Moment Resisting Frame: Basic Response of SteelDuctile Moment-Resisting Frames to Lateral Loads, Ductile Moment FrameColumn Design, Panel Zone, Beam-to-Column Connections (Knowledge andpractice prior to the 1994 Northridge earthquake, Damage during theNorthridge earthquake, Causes for Failures, Re-examination of Pre-NorthridgePractice, Post-Northridge Beam-to-Column Design Strategies for NewBuildings, including Strengthening Strategies such as cover plates, ribs,haunches and side-plates, Weakening Strategies such as dogbone connections,Semi-rigid connections and bolted connections, Metallurgically-BasedSolutions, Column tree configuration: Kobe experience, Proposed Repairs andRehabilitations, International Significance of Northridge Failures), FEMA 350to 351 documents, basis for rotation capacity of steel beams.

April 4 MDM Multi-Story Buildings and P-) analysis: Review of structural systems for thedesign of high-rise steel buildings (frames, belt-systems, tube-in-tube, mega-truss, etc.). Global stability (P-)) analysis, equivalent lateral-load methods.

April 11 MDM Ductile Moment Frames: In-depth review of FEMA 350 to 353 documents,and development of information for Project #3 (4 teams, each using a differentpre-approved moment resisting connection concept).

April 18 MB Other Metallic-based Passive Energy Dissipation Systems: ADAS, TADAS,Ductile knee-braces, ductile shear walls, unbounded braces, low-yield steelgrades, etc.

April 25 MDM 1) Welding and Welded Connections: Review of quality issues and importantconsideration for welded connections.2) Presentation of Project #3 results (10 minutes per team).

May 2 MDM andMB

FINAL EXAM