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CHYAWANPRASH: AN AYURVEDIC AVALEHA HERBAL
FORMULATION
Deepak Askar*
Indira Nagar Ward no. 12 Kalmeshwar, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
ABSTRACT
Chyawanprash is a renowned recipe from Ayurveda, and has a long
history of ethnic mention in Indian literature as well as Ayurvedic
books. Consuming Chyavanaprasha Rasayana with prescribed mode of
administration is useful for maintaining youth and vigor. It is indicated
for all age group and helps to build body tissues in children, old and
emaciated persons. Taking chyawanprash with warm milk (or almond
milk, if dairy is not appropriate) helps to carry its tonifying and
rejuvenating qualities deep into the tissues. The usual dose of
chyawanprash is 1–2 teaspoons, once or twice daily, or as directed by
healthcare practitioner. Children can take ½ teaspoon daily. It helps the
one to attain longevity, memory, intelligence, freedom from illness, youthfulness, excellence
of lustre, complexion and voice, optimum strength of physique and sense organs, perfection
in deliberation, respectability and brilliance. Rasayana is the means of attaining excellent
qualities of rasa etc. dhatus i.e. body cells and tissues. According to legend, chyawanprash
was originally formulated to restore virility to the elderly sage, Chyawan, so that he could
satisfy his young bride. This being the case, chyawanprash was concocted with the intention
of nourishing and revitalizing the reproductive tissues. Chyawanprash is reported to have rich
vitamin, protein, dietary fiber, energy contents, carbohydrate, low fat contents (no-trans and
zero percent cholesterol), and appreciable level of major and minor trace elements (mg/100g),
such as Fe (21.1), Zn (3.1), Co (3.7), Cu (0.667) , Ni (1.4), Pb (2.4), Mn (8.3), vitamin C
(0.5), tannic acid (20.2), other vitamins A,E, B1, B2, and carotenoids that act as micro
nutrients for health - invigorating purposes. It also provides several essential
phytoconstituents, namely, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, antioxidants, piperine, phenolic
compounds, etc. The synergistic antioxidant effects of vitamin C along with vitamin and
carotenoids are well known. The rich nutritive composition and antioxidant biomolecules of
WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
SJIF Impact Factor 7.632
Volume 10, Issue 7, 817-849 Review Article ISSN 2278 – 4357
*Corresponding Author
Deepak Askar
Indira Nagar Ward no. 12
Kalmeshwar, Nagpur,
Maharashtra, India.
Article Received on
04 May 2021,
Revised on 25 May 2021,
Accepted on 15 June 2021,
DOI: 10.20959/wjpps20217-19346
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CP act both singly as well as synergistically for immuno-modulation, body building, health
restoration, and prevention of oxidative damage (a leading cause of several degenerative
diseases) There are many CP brands in the Indian market, such as Dabur, Emami Group,
Himalaya, Bajaj, and Baidya Nath; however, the leading brand is Dabur, with a market share
of 70%.
KEYWORDS: (CP - cyavanaprasa, chyavanaprasha, chyavanaprash, chyavanaprasam,
chyawanaprash), Charak samhita, kwatha dravya, leha paka, Dashmula, Chaturjata.
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. HISTORY
Chyawanprash (CP; also spelled as cyavanaprasa, chyavanaprasha, chyavanaprash,
chyavanaprasam and chyawanaprash) is a renowned recipe from Ayurveda, and has a long
history of ethnic mention in Indian literature as well as Ayurvedic books. Treatises of Indian
traditional knowledge dating back to early Christian Era, cites mythological stories on the
evolution of CP. Sukanya, a princess (daughter of King Sharyati) is said to have pierced the
eyes of the sage Chyavan who was meditating and anthill like structure had got built and
covered his body, except leaving few holes through which the eyes and nose of the sage was
open. The sage crying in pain having lost his eye sight is said to have cursed the princess. The
king of the land learnt the same and begged pardon and married Sukanya with Chyavan. The
caring attitude and work done by the princess was appreciated by the twin sages Ashvini
Kumaras who then handed over a recipe to be prepared and fed to Chyavan sage to help him
regain youthfulness and health, lost due to long years of meditating. Since the recipe was to
be eaten (prasha – meaning drug or a diet which is fit for ingestion orally) – by the sage
Chyavan, the recipe got the name ―Chyawanprash‖ (Ojha, 2003).
In the early 70‘s many traditional medicines manufacturers started to manufacture CP on
large scale and offered them in packed forms for consumers. Post introduction of regulations
under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and Rules there under 1945 with specifically
provisions related to Ayurvedic drug and medicines inserted by act 13 in 1964, firms
manufactured and sold CP as an Ayurvedic medicine (Deshpande and Gandhi, 2009).CP
continued during these last six decades to be prepared at home as a cultural and ethnic
practice during winter season when fresh fruits of amla (Emblica officinalis, also known as
Indian gooseberry) arrives (just like preparing amla pickles or powder or juice) for use by
family. Some of the organizations also introduced CP in other nations namely, Sri Lanka,
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Pakistan, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Singapore and other Asian nations. CP has gained much
popularity that many versions of this formulation are available in Indian market and also in
many western countries. Available figures indicate that sales of CP increased from nearly
US$ 5 million in 1990 to US$ 80 million in 2010 which makes CP as India‘s bestselling
Ayurvedic medicine (Bode, 2015). Figures for exports are not available. CP, an avaleha
preparation (semisolid jam like linctus), is originally cited in Charaka Samhita (Sharma,
1992). However, more than six authoritative texts of Ayurveda as listed in the First Schedule
to Drugs and Cosmetics Act have recipes of CP which differ in their composition of herbs
and minerals as well their proportions cited in Charaka Samhita (Sharma, 1992; Deshpande
and Gandhi, 2009).
Table 1 summarizes composition of the CP from Charaka Samhita with scientific names,
parts of herb used and their proportions (Sharma, 1992; The Ayurvedic Formulary of India,
2003; The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, 2007).
1.2. Key Plant Ingredients of Chyawanprash
Figure 1: Key plant ingredients of Chyawanprash and their health benefits.
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Dashmula Class (List of Crude Drugs)
Bael Shalparni Shalparni
Aegle Marmelos Corr. Ex Roxb Desmodium Gangeticum Dc Desmodium Gangeticum Dc
Gambhari Arani Brihat Kantkari
Gmelina arbeorea Roxb. Premna integrifolia Linn. Solanum indicum Linn.
Laghu Kantakari Patal Gokharu
Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad &
Wendl. Stereospermum suaveolens Dc. Tribulus terrestris Linn.
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Pithwan
Uraria piceta Dsv
Chaturjata Class
Tejpatta Dalchini Nagkesar
Cinnamomun tamala Nees & Eberm Cinnamomun zeylanicum Bmume Mesua ferrea Linn
Clove
Syzygium aromaticum
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Substitution of Ashtavarga
Varahikand Ashwagandha Vidarikand
Dioscorea bulbifera Linn Withania somnifera Dunal Pueraira tuberosa Dc
Shatavari
Asparagus racemoces Willd
General Class
Vasaka Agar Vanshalochan
Adhatoda vasica Nees Aquilaria agallocha Roxb Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Roxb
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Punarnava Kachur Nagarmodha
Boerhaavia diffusa Linn Curcuma zoaria Rosc. Cyperus rotundus Linn
Pushakarmool Jeevanti Kaknasha
Inula racemosa Hook f. Lepteabeni reticulate Wight &Arn. Martynia diandra Glox.
Neelkamal Mughdhaparni Pippali
Nymphaea steata Willd . Phaseolus triobus Ait . Pipper longum Linn
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Draksha
Vittis vinifera Linn
Kakad Singi Safed Chandan Bala
Pistacia integerrima Stew.Ex
Brandis Santalum album Linn Sida cordifolia Linn
Mashparni Harad Guduchi
Teramnus labialis Spreng. Terminalia chebula Retz. Tinospora cordifoila Merris
2. Preparation of Chyawanprash
In absence of standard operating procedure (SOP) in ancient times, the method of preparation
of Chyawanprash varies from manufacturer to manufacturer and place to place. Standard
method of preparation of Chyawanprash is described as follows.
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50 gm each of the following plants, viz. Bel, arni, gambhari, arlu, patla, gokhru, shalparni,
brihati, kantakari, kakdashingi, munnaka, harde, giloy, bala, bhumiamla, adusa, jivanti,
kachur, pushkarmool, nagarmotha, magda- parni, mashparni, shalparni, prishparni, pippali,
kaknasa, varahikand, vidarikand, punarnawa kanwal, agar, chandan, shatavari and
ashwagandha, are suspended in around 16 l water. 500 Indian gooseberry fruits (each
weighing around 15-20 gm, total weight approximately 6.5 kg) are wrapped in a clean cloth
and are dipped into the above admixture of plants.
Mixture is heated until the volume is reduced to one quarter. After removing the cloth, seeds
are discarded from amla; rubbing the peels of amla on a mesh, fibers are discarded and
finally, amla pithi is prepared. Decoction is filtered and marc is discarded. Amla pithi is
mixed with 500 gm ghee and 500 gm til oil in an iron pan and heated until red. Decoction of
plants and sugar syrup poured in the pan is heated until ghee starts separating. After removing
the pan from fire, powder of 150 gm vanshlochan, 100 gm pippali and 10 gm each of
nagkesar, elaichi, tamal- patra and dalchini is mixed.
After cooling, 250 gm old honey is added and finally the finished product, which is dark
shining brown in colour with fruit jam like consistency is prepared. Some Ayurvedic
additives, shukti bhasam 100 gm, abharak bhasam 100 gm, shring bhasam 100 gm,
makardhawaj 25 gm, lavang (clove) 25 gm and chandi (silver foil) 75 in number, for special
health benefits are added. (Charak Samhita, Sharma PV et.al. 1954, Shastri AD et.al, Trivedi
RP et.al 1954).
2.1 Alternative Method
The classical textual process describes a multistep procedure for preparation of CP. Crude
herbs listed at serial number 1 to 36 (complying with required quality as specified in the
Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India [API]) of the recipe given in the table 1 are taken,
grounded and passed through sieve number 44. Specified amount of purified water is added
to this blend of herbs and stirred (kwatha dravya – liquid for decoction). Fresh amla fruits are
washed and tied into a bundle using muslin cloth and this bundle is immersed in the kwatha
dravya containing vessel, heat the contents and boil gently. Heating is done till the amla fruits
become soft, and at this time the bundle is removed from the vessel. Boiling is continued till
the quantum of water reduces to one fourth the initial volume, allowed to cool and strained
through muslin cloth. The strained decoction is preserved for use in the next step. Marc is
pressed and the liquid obtained is added to the strained decoction and then the marc is
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discarded. The softened amla fruits are taken out from the bundle, seeds and large fibers are
removed, and the pulp so obtained is fried with ghruta (clarified butter – ghee, food grade)
and sesame oil (food grade) in equal proportions till it converts to a semisolid blackish mass
(pisthi) and the excess ghee and oil separates. Add this pisthi to the contents of the vessel
which has the decoction, add specified quantity of sharkara (sugar, either food grade or
pharma grade), and boil gently while stirring till it forms a soft semisolid gel like mass (leha
paka). The consistency of leha paka is tested by dropping 2 to 3 g of it to a glass of water at
room temperature (RT); the added leha paka should settle down and not disperse in water for
5 to 10 min. Stop heating and allowed to cool up to 50 °C. Separately grind raw materials
complying with quality requirements as per API listed at serial number 43 to 48 (table 1) to
get fine powder (99% passing through sieve number 60). Add this powder (prakshepa dravya)
to the leha paka obtained above and mix to get a homogeneous blend. After cooling this to
RT, add madhu (honey of API quality) and mix. Pack this leha paka, also called as avaleha,
in a suitable tightly closable container to protect from light and moisture to obtain CP (Ojha,
2003).
Figure No. 2: Unit operating process of traditional Chyawnprash preparation. (A) Raw
material collection; (B) fresh Amla taken; (C) Amla boiling in pottali suspended in
herbal decoction; (D) Amla pulp separated in muslin cloth; (E) Amla pulp frying in
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ghee and sesame oil; (F) fried until pulp goes brownish-red and the lipids start
separating; (G) Pishthi cooked in decoction syrup until the attainment of two strings
viscidity; (H) upon cooling, prakshepa herbal powders and honey added and mixed
homogeneously; (I) finally, prepared Chyawanprash packed in air tight containers.
2.2 Modifications in Chyawanprash Recipes
Modifications in CP recipes in different classical texts and in current practice in the industry
are briefly listed as below.
1. Addition of different proportions of the Indian gooseberry pulp and also use of freshly
prepared pulp compared to a stored pulp, which was prepared many months ago when fresh
amla fruits were available.
2. The variation in the ingredients/herbs, their numbers, proportion and parts of the herbs.
3. The alteration in the ingredients/herbs, their numbers, proportion and parts of the
prakshepa dravya (additional drugs added at the last stage of the preparation). Some of the CP
preparations claim the addition of a higher proportion of Kumkuma (saffron, made from the
flower of Crocus sativus) leads to variations in proprietary versions of CP.
4. Variations in the content of sugar (not told in classical text).
5. Variations in the content of ghee and oil.
6. A few firms claim innovations in the formula by way of addition of Swarna (gold), and
Rajata (silver).
7. A set of herbs falling under the class of Ashtavargha (group of eight drugs) is being
replaced with their accepted substitutes. (Srikanthamurthy, 2008).
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Fig.No.3: Marketed Chyawanprash Formulation.
3.Mode of administration
Effect of Rasayan depends on the mode of administration of Rasayan is of two types:
Kutipraveshika and Vatatapika. Kutipraveshika (Kuti–cottage, Pravesha–enter) is an indoor
management in which the person lives in a specially prepared cottage for a long period while
taking various Rasayana herbs. In Vatatapika- Where ―Vata‖ means air, and ―Atapa‖ means
heat or sun (good for people who are engaged in everyday life activities). It is an outdoor
management and involves taking Rasayana, while a person remains exposed to air and sun
light. [Rawat N, Roushan R (2018)] Consuming Chyavanaprasha Rasayana with prescribed
mode of administration is useful for maintaining youth and vigor. It is indicated for all age
group and helps to build body tissues in children, old and emaciated persons. Ignites agni and
improves beauty. It is useful in disorders of voice, diseases of chest, heart diseases, and
disorders of urinary tract and genital organs. Chyawanprash can be taken alone, it can be
stirred into milk or water, or it can be spread on toast, bread, or crackers like any other jam.
[en.wikipedia.org] Taking chyawanprash with warm milk (or almond milk, if dairy is not
appropriate) helps to carry its tonifying and rejuvenating qualities deep into the tissues. The
usual dose of chyawanprash is 1–2 teaspoons, once or twice daily, or as directed by
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healthcare practitioner. (Lad, Vasant vol.3.2012) Children can take ½ teaspoon daily.
4. Benefits of Chyavanaprasha Rasayana
Chyavanaprasha Rasayana Rejuvenates all tissues in the body, it Supports overall strength
and energy, promotes muscle mass, builds ojas for supporting a healthy immune response and
youthfulness, supports healthy function of the heart and respiratory systems, Tonifies the
reproductive system, Kindles agni (digestive fire), Gently encourages elimination, Supports
optimal urinary health etc Chyavanaprasha Rasayana.
It helps the one to attain longevity, memory, intelligence, freedom from illness, youthfulness,
excellence of lustre, complexion and voice, optimum strength of physique and sense organs,
perfection in deliberation, respectability and brilliance. Rasayana is the means of attaining
excellent qualities of rasa etc. dhatus i.e. body cells and tissues. According to legend,
chyawanprash was originally formulated to restore virility to the elderly sage, Chyawan, so
that he could satisfy his young bride. This being the case, chyawanprash was concocted with
the intention of nourishing and revitalizing the reproductive tissues.
It is used as a tonic to replenish the reproductive system and prevent loss of vital energies in
times of sexual activity. In more general terms, chyawanprash supports fertility, and builds
overall sexual strength in both men and women. (Pole Elsevier publication 2006).
There has been significant scientific research evaluating the benefits of chyawanprash,
specifically. Among other things, research efforts have evaluated the role of chyawanprash in
supporting appropriate glucose and cholesterol levels, as well as amalaki‘s function as an
antioxidant, adaptogen, and immune and heart supportive agent. (Manjunatha, S.et al.2003).
4.1. Clinical Benefits of Chyawanprash (Table No. 2)
HERBAL DRUGS CLINICAL USES
AMALAKI (Phyllanthus
emblica)
It is Rejuvenate, general, cardiac and nervine tonic, rich source of vitamin C
and anti-oxidant.
CLINICAL USES: -Anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory,
Immunomodulatory and anti-ulcer.
BILVA (Agele marmelos)
A nutritive, astringent and anti-dysenteric agent, anti-inflammatory and anti-
ulcer.
CLINICAL USES: - Chronic dysentery, diarrhea and dyspepsia.
SHYONAK (Oroxylum indicum) Stomachic, anti-inflammatory, anti-amoebic agent and diuretics.
CLINICAL USES: Diarrhea, Debility and Dysentery.
AGNIMANTHA (Premna
integrifolia)
It is a laxative and help in digestion.
CLINICAL USES: Indigestion and Cough.
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SHALPARNI (Desmodium
gangeticum)
A Nutritive and digestive agent, anti-leishmanial.
CLINICAL USES: Nervine tonic, Cardiac, blood and respiratory disorders.
BALA (Sida cordifolia)
Stomachic, Aphrodisiac and tonic, hypoglycemic and hepatoprotective.
CLINICAL USES: Nervine and general debility. Prime herb used in
Parkinson disease.
GAMBHARI (Gmelina arborea) It is a demulcent, galactagogue and laxative, anti-viral and hypoglycemic.
CLINICAL USES: Relieves constipation, promote lactation and indigestion
PATLA
(Streospermum suaveolens)
Anti-microbial, anti-protozoal, diuretic and anti-ulcer.
CLINICAL USES: Dyspepsia, Flatulence, Cough and Fever.
PRASHNPARNI (Uraria picta) Anti-inflammatory.
CLINICAL USES: Rheumatic condition and intermittent fever.
PIPPALI (Piper longum) Appetizer and anti-ulcer.
CLINICAL USES: Expectorant, analgesic and Respiratory disorders.
BRIHATI (Solanum indicum) Cardiac tonic, astringent and carminative agent.
CLINICAL USES: Nausea, bronchospasm and weakness.
DRAKSHA (Vitia vinifera) Anti-oxidant, laxative, stomachic and hepatoprotective.
CLINICAL USES: Anorexia, dyspepsia and constipation.
JIVANTI (Leptadenia reticulate) Eye tonic, nutritive and aphrodisiac drug.
CLINICAL USES: Eye diseases, General weakness and seminal debility.
GUDUCHI(Tinospora cordifolia) Immunomodulator, antioxidant, anti-cancerous and antispasmodic.
CLINICAL USES: Anemia and degenerative disorder.
ELA (Elettaria cardamomum) Appetizer, Anti-microbial, carminative and general tonic.
CLINICAL USES: Indigestion, Nausea, Anorexia and flatulence.
4.2. Health Benefits
Fig. no. 4: Health Benefits of Chyawanprash Formulation.
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4.2.1. Ancient Claims and Contemporary Scientific Evidence - Traditional Ayurveda
practitioners call CP an ―Ageless Wonder‖. The formula of CP is time-tested and is still
effective to mitigate the present world‘s health concerns. In the context of CP, Charaka
Samhita narrates: ‗It is the premier Rasayana, beneficial for allaying cough, asthma and other
respiratory ailments; it nourishes the weak and degenerating tissues, promotes vigour, vitality
and is anti-ageing‘. As per ancient classics ,regular intake of this tonic helps to attain intellect
,memory, immunity, freedom from disease, endurance, improved functioning of the senses,
great sexual strength and stamina, improved digestive processes, improvised skin-tone and
glow, and restores/maintains the normal biofunctions of Vata (bodily humor regulating all
movements, circulations and neuro-conductive actions) (Sharma R.K.et.al.1954, Kumar et.al
2012) Chyawanprash helps to balance the three doshas—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha (bodily
humors/bio-energies regulating the structure and biofunctions of the human body). In the
Ayurvedic perspective, the specific actions of herbs in CP in the micro and macronutrient
supplement level, metabolic level, and tissue nourishment level are well recognized (Datta
Goutam, K et.al. 1999) Chyawanprash has passed the scrutiny of several scientific studies.
Contemporary studies corroborate and validate the ancient claims and traditional beliefs
regarding its therapeutic use. The herbal and spicy ingredients of CP help to convalesce the
circulatory system, thus channelizing the removal of the toxins from distant tissues and
visceral organs. It builds a congruent synergy amid physiological functions steering toward
an improved metabolism. All herbal and natural products in the composition of CP have been
well investigated and explored by the scientific community for their therapeutic vistas. It is
very challenging to uncover the active phytochemicals, the rationality behind its therapeutic
usage, and the underlying mechanistic role of herbal medicine by adopting contemporary
scientific tools and methods. However, this doesn‘t simply that all the doctrines or beliefs in
traditional medical systems which are not justifiable by scientific substantiation are irrational
and non-existent. It is aptly cited in Charaka Samhita, ―What is perceptible to humans is
merely a petite fraction of this cosmos and what we cannot observe is far more than that,
which doesn‘t make that non-existent‖. Chyawanprash is beneficial for health in several
ways. It is an excellent ergogenic (enhancing physical performance), tonic, rejuvenator,
anabolic, immunomodulator and promotes strength to the gastrointestinal tract, digestive
organs, cardiovascular, respiratory, and cerebrospinal systems, neuronal circuits, and renal
and reproductive tissues (Ernst, W 2002).
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4.2.2. Improves Digestion and Metabolism - Chyawanprash helps to eliminate the
accumulated excreta via improving digestion and excretion. It is reported to alleviate nausea,
vomiting, hyperacidity, dyspepsia, and flatulence. Chyawanprash has also been found to
relieve gastritis, peptic ulcer, gut cramps, and correct the gastrointestinal functions. It purifies
blood, works as detoxifier, and promotes healthy liver function. It protects and strengthens
the liver and kidneys and lipid and protein metabolism. The herbs of CP, such as Nagakesar,
Tejpatra, Ela, Dalchini. Paatla, Agnimanth, Gambhari, Bael, Shyonak. Sarivan. Draaksha,
Haritaki, honey, Bhumyamalaki, Kachur, Pushkarmul, Musta, Kaknasa. Vidaarikand, and
Aguru, help to improve digestion and metabolism. It is common practice to add the
nourishing honey and cow ghee (clarified butter) in certain Ayurvedic herbal formulations to
act as―a transporter of potency of herbs‖(akaYogavahiin Ayurveda), and it is believed to
promote the quick absorption and assimilation of various herbal constituents in the distant
tissues (lacto-vegan diet comprising milk and milk products is strongly recommended in
Ayurveda). In the case of CP, its sweet flavor favors its quick assimilation and facilitates
better passage of its active ingredients into cell walls (Fursule, R.A et.al 2010., Bagalkotkar,
G et.al., 2016).
4.2.3. Protect and Strengthens the Respiratory System -A regular intake of CP strengthens the
trachea–bronchial tree and hence improves the immunity and functioning of the respiratory
system. It helps to treat respiratory infections, allergic cough, asthma, bronchospasm, rhinitis,
seasonal or non-seasonal respiratory disorders, common cold, and tuberculosis, and thus
strengthens the respiratory system. It is also used as an adjunct to anti-tubercular drugs to
augment their bioactivity and prevent their side effects. [34–36]
Pipali, Kantakaari, Kakdasingi,
Bhumyamalaki, Vasa, Pushkarmul, Prishnaparni, Agnimanth, Shalparni, sesame oil, and
Amla help to nourish the respiratory system. In a randomized controlled trial (RCT), 90
pulmonary tuberculosis patients were treated with CP 10 g, twice daily as an adjunct to
antitubercular drugs. CP augmented the bioactivity of antitubercular drugs and prevented
their side effects. Cough, expectoration, weakness, loss of appetite, loss of weight, fever,
edema aches, and hemoptysis disappeared almost completely in the treated group, along with
improvement in the hemoglobin (Hb) levels and effective healing as evidenced through chest
X-ray post-therapy (Agte, V.V et.al. 2003, Elliot, J.G et, al 1999) Another observational
study on 99 newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients revealed that concomitant
adjunct use of CP with antitubercular drugs significantly abated the symptoms and improved
bioavailability of isoniazid and pyrazinamide (Debnath, P.K et.al. 2003).
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4.2.4. Antioxidant, Adapto-genic, and Immune-Booster - The combination or cocktail of
phytocompounds (as in CP) offers better antioxidant effects than single antioxidant therapy
(Liu, R.H. 2004) The apoptogenic characteristics of CP are attributable to its excellent
antiaging and anxiolytic supplement. The revitalizing and tonic effects of CP could be due to
its rich antioxidant composition, bioactive phytoconstituents, such as carotenoids, flavonoids,
tannins, and phenolic compounds (Govindarajan, R.; et.al; Jeena, K.J.; Kuttan, R et.al,
Khopde, S.M et.al., 2001) though supportive experimental and clinical evidence is scarce.
Recent investigations have ascertained that polyphenols (gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin) in
CP exert key antioxidant potential and is known to possess potent neuroprotective,
cytoprotective, and antioxidant properties (Kumar, G.S.; Nayakaa, H, et.al) Piperine content
in CP act as a bioavailability enhancer (Kasar, R.P.; Laddha, K.S et.al.) Chyawanprash is an
effective adaptogenic (Mehrotra, S.; Rawat, et.al., 1995) Some clinical reports do support the
adaptogenic and antioxidant effect of CP on normal and depressive subjects. A study
evaluated and ascertained highly potent free radical scavenging, based on the synthetic DPPH
(1,1-diphenyl,2-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging and antioxidant activities of ethyl acetate extracts
of several market brands of CP.
The findings were proximate to the standard ascorbic acid (IC50 20.69 µg/mL) Another study
found potent DPPH radical scavenging ability and antioxidant effects of ethanolic extracts of
CP. Chyawanprash strengthens immunity and facilitates the healing process. Due to the rich
Amla percentage, CP is loaded in high vitamin C, polyphenolics, including flavonoids, and
exhibits evident antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity, enhances the immune
system, and fights infections.
Vitamin C also helps to revive and restore the energy loss of the human body. Vitamin C
conjugates to gallic acid molecules and reducing sugars and facilitates the development of
intricate synergistic effects with other phytoconstituents. Polyphenols are acknowledged to be
more effective antioxidants in vitro than vitamin E and C on a molar basis. Poly-phenolic
compounds in several herbs and natural honey in CP are found beneficial in various human
degenerative diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and diabetes. Several natural antioxidants,
especially flavonoids, exert multiple bioactivities, including antibacterial, antiviral, anti-
inflammatory, antiallergic, antithrombotic, and vasodilator effects. In a 6-month-long
randomized, open labelled, prospective, multicenter, clinical study in children (5–12 years),
CP was shown to lead to significant improvement in immunity, energy levels, physical
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strength, vigor, and quality of life assessed through KIDSCREEN QOL-27 questionnaires in
children. An experimental study showed that CP pretreatment significantly reduced plasma
histamine levels and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) release when rats and mice were
challenged with allergen and ovalbumin-induced allergy, respectively. This suggests the
antiallergic potential of CP. Natural killer (NK)cell activity was significantly (versus
dimethyl sulfoxide) increase in different concentration ratios of NK cells and target cells by
CP treatment. On treating dendritic cells with CP, a significant increase in the secretions of
tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-
1α), stimulation in interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) levels, and rise in phagocytic activity were
observed. The augmented immunity marker levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, and MIP1α), as well as
enhancement of NK cells and phagocytic activity support the immunomodulatory properties
of CP. Clinical studies also support the immune-booster role of CP as demonstrated by
reduced disease symptoms of seasonal influences, modulated IgE and immunity markers C3
and C4 levels, improved pulmonary functions, decreased cortisol levels, and increased quality
of life (QOL). The minute quantities of spice components of CP are also known for their
wide range of health benefits by their antioxidative, chemo-preventive, antimutagenic, anti-
inflammatory, immune-modulatory effects on cells and several beneficial effects on the
gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, reproductive, neural, and other
systems (Das, L.; Bhaumik, E.; Raychaudhuri, U.; Chakraborty, R 2011).
4.2.5. Nootropic Potential - CP nourishes the brain cells, harmonizes neuronal activities,
improves memory, and enhances learning ability, storage, recall, and intellect. It relaxes the
central nervous system (CNS), thereby acting as an anxiolytic and an anti-depressive, and
alleviates insomnia. Research has also suggested its pro-cholinergic activity and anti-amnesic
potential. The rich Amla and ascorbic acid contents play a vital role in such activities. Musta,
Vidaarikand, Neelkamal, Aguru, Nagakesar, Guduchi, Ashwagandha, Shalparni,
Prishnaparni, and Amla possess potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, thereby
improving CNS functions.
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on 60 participants (normal volunteers and patients
suffering from depression), CP achieved a significantly effective reduction in the Hamilton-D
(HAM-D) scores compared to placebo in both normal subjects and patients of depression. In
an RCT on 128 college students, CP significantly improved cognitive functions, i.e.,
alertness, attention, and concentration (Sailesh, K.S.; et.al., 2014).
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4.2.6. Cardiotonic Value - Chyawanprash is a potent cardiotonic. It strengthens the structure
and functions of the heart and corrects the heart pumping rhythm by recuperating blood flow
to its musculature. Chyawanprash is also reported to correct blood disorders and improve
structure and functions of the vascular system. Chyawanprash also exerts antihyperlipidemic
activity and alleviates metabolic impairments. Components of CP—Amla, Neelkamal,
Punarnawa, Pushkarmul, Kachur, Vasa, Bala, Sarivan, Pithawan, Barikateri and Gokshur—
are well-recognized in their ability to rejuvenate and restore the cardiovascular system
functions. Amla has shown anti-atherogenic, anti-coagulant, hypo-lipidemic, anti-
hypertensive, antioxidant, antiplatelet, and vasodilatory effects, as well as lipid deposition
inhibitory properties. In rat models, Punarnava increased the reduced level of glutathione
(GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalase (CAT) and decreased the elevated level of
malondialdehyde (MDA)in cardiac tissue (Nimbal, S.K.; Koti, B.C. 2016).
4.2.7. Potent Aphrodisiac and Balances the Endocrine System - Regular intake of CP improve
sexual life, boosts virility, and fertility in each gender. It improves the functioning of gonads,
strengthens the endocrine system, and balances the hormonal flow. It improves semen quality
in males and the menstrual cycle in females. Ingredients such as Gokshur, Varahikand,
sesame oil, Shatavari, Vidaarikand, Bala, Jivanti, Mudagparni, Mashaparni, Ashwagandha,
and Vanshalochan contribute to the aphrodisiac and vitalizing properties of CP. A recent
systematic review on Ashwagandha demonstrated statistical (p≤0.002versus baseline)
increase in sperm concentration (167%), semen volume (59%), sperm-motility (57%), serum
testosterone (17%) and luteinizing hormone (34%) levels, in oligospermic males after 90
days of Withania somnifera treatment. In rat models, Gokshur and Shatavari also showed
significant improvement in sexual behavior, androgen levels, increased amount and
intromission frequency, improved penile erection, testosterone level, and sperm count
(Chauhan, N.S.; Sharma, V.; Dixit, V.K.; Thakur, M. A 2014).
4.2.8. Radioprotective, Cytoprotective, Geno-protective, Antimutagenic and Anticarcinogenic
Effects –A study evaluating the radioprotective effect of CP in mice subjected to a lethal dose
of gamma-radiation revealed that CP could provide good radioprotection at a minimal
nontoxic dose.
The best radioprotection was observed for 15 mg/kg, where the higher number of survivors
was found after completion of 30 days post-irradiation.
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A study found Geno-protective efficacy of CP (Dabur company) on the somatic
chromosomes of 25 bidi smokers (bidi: A traditional handmade conical smoking stick,
prepared by filling tobacco in Diospyros melana xylon leaves). A total of 20 g of CP was
administered for two months, twice a day, and parameters such as the mitotic index (MI),
chromosomal aberrations (CA), sister chromatid exchanges (SCE), and satellite associations
(SA) were studied and found to have significantly decreased (p < 0.01) in CP-fed smokers
compared to normal smokers. A significant decline in the frequency of CA is indicative of the
Geno-protective role of CP against mutagenic agents present in tobacco smoke. A
cytogenetic study established the Geno-protective and antioxidant potential of CP in oral
premalignant cancer (conducted on 21 betel quid chewing oral pre-cancerous lesions
subjects). Due to its rich Amla contents, CP also exhibits cytoprotective (effective against
metal clasto gens), anticarcinogenic, and antimutagenic activities and stabilizes the side-
effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The synergistic effects of the cocktail of herbal
metabolites of CP and the multiple points of intervention offer higher efficacy during
chemoprevention regimens. In an RCT on 75 patients of head and neck cancer, CP (10 g,
twice daily) along with radiotherapy reduced the severity of mucosal reactions and improved
the Hb levels. (Ojha, J.K. 2003).
4.2.9. Favorable Effects on Lipid Profile and Glycemic Levels - Owing to its rich sugar and
honey contents, CP is generally considered to be contraindicated in diabetics; however,
contrary to this widespread belief, CP is reported to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia in the
oral glucose tolerance test and substantially reduce blood cholesterol level compared to
vitamin C. Chyawanprash is also an efficient hypo-lipidemic. A study conducted on CP for
evaluation of health promotion in elderly people reported a decrease in cholesterol,
triglycerides, LDL (low-density lipoprotein), and increase in HDL (high-density lipoprotein)
levels which corroborates its indications in geriatrics as cited in Phalashruti (beneficial
effects) of this formulation. In a randomized open label clinical study (n = 121; age group:
18–70) on type 2 diabetics, no statistically significant change in HbA1c and blood sugar
levels was found. This signifies the safety of CP in type 2 diabetic patients controlled by oral
hypoglycemic agents. Additionally, a statistically significant convalescence was also found in
energy levels of diabetics (Ernst, W. Ed. 2002).
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4.2.10. Other Preventive, Promotive and Curative Health Benefits - Chyawanprash helps in
better absorption of calcium and protein synthesis, there by strengthening bones and teeth,
and improving muscle tone.
It also promotes growth in juvenile and help in gaining weight. Its pro-found Rasayana effect
due to potent herbs like Amla, Guduchi, and Ashwagandha helps to balance the body‘s
natural processes and modulate the neuro endocrine-immune activities. It eliminates blood
impurities and acts as a natural detox. It promotes hair growth, skin complexion, cures dermal
infections, and improve is personality characteristics by imparting splendor, exquisiteness,
youthfulness, wisdom, vitality, and glow. In hairless mice model, CP has shown a protective
effect on photoaging of skin. In HeLa cells, CP suppressed epidermal thickening, improved
the proliferation of human keratinocytes, and effectively removed ROS (reactive oxygen
species), which are liable for skin photoaging. In a study, CP showed promising potential for
use as an antimicrobial agent. CHCl3 as well as hydrolyzed CHCl3 extract of CP showed
concentration-dependent anti-microbial activity. Chyawanprash has also shown protective
effects in steroid-induced opacities in the eye lens of a chick embryo. In a double-blind,
placebo-controlled study on 177 subjects, CP improved Hb levels consistently, irrespective of
the season of its consumption, along with improvement in pulmonary function tests and
immunological parameters (Ojha, J.K. 2003).
5. Chyawanprash: A Nutraceutical and Functional Food
The term ‗nutraceutical‘ was coined in 1989 by Stephen De Felice as ―a food or part of a food
that provides medical or health benefits, including the prevention and/or treatment of
disease.‖ Chyawanprash has been a consistent part of Indian tradition both as a functional
food and nutraceutical for the past 5000 years, with constant zeal and vivacity, and has
survived owing to its peerless health benefits. Chyawanprash is reported to have rich vitamin,
protein, dietary fiber, energy contents, carbohydrate, low fat contents (no-trans and zero
percent cholesterol), and appreciable level of major and minor trace elements (mg/100g),
such as Fe (21.1), Zn (3.1), Co (3.7), Cu (0.667), Ni (1.4), Pb (2.4), Mn (8.3), vitamin C (0.5),
tannic acid (20.2), other vitamins A, E, B1, B2, and carotenoids that act as micro nutrients for
health - invigorating purposes. It also provides several essential phytoconstituents, namely,
flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, antioxidants, piperine, phenolic compounds, etc. The
synergistic antioxidant effects of vitamin C along with vitamin and carotenoids are well
known. The rich nutritive composition and antioxidant biomolecules of CP act both singly as
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well as synergistically for immuno-modulation, body building, health restoration, and
prevention of oxidative damage (a leading cause of several degenerative diseases) (Agte, V.V
et.al., Elliot, J.G et.al. Das, L.; Bhaumik, E 2011).
6. Market Trends
Market Trends Indian regulations permit the manufacture and sale of CP either as an
Ayurvedic medicine by following exactly the recipe and the process as per the authoritative
text listed in the regulations (referred to commonly as classical Ayurvedic medicine)or as a
proprietary Ayurvedic medicine, where modification to an authoritative text-based recipe is
allowed as long as all the ingredients are listed in any one of the texts officially recognized by
the law (Deshpande, S.W 2009) Despite several negative points related to commercialization
of this traditional formulation of CP, it is still a widely accepted and used health/nutrition
supplement among Indian consumers. It is being advised and used by all age groups and in
several health conditions. In the Indian market, CP is certainly distinguished from other
nutraceuticals based on its visibility on market shelves, brand variants, huge number of ads,
and a cultural acceptability. The market value of CP in 2010 was over 4 billion (about $80
million USD), which makes CP India‘s best-selling Ayurvedic medicine
(http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011)There are many CP brands in the Indian
market, such as Dabur, Emami Group, Himalaya, Bajaj, and Baidya Nath; however, the
leading brand is Dabur, with a market share of 70%.
Comparative test performance scores of various leading market brands of CP are detailed in
Table 3 Chyawanprash is losing its real meaning and efficacy because of an upsurge in
immoral market trends and noncompliance with ancient manufacturing guidelines. Only the
name remains the same, but the ingredients and the preparation totally vary from company to
company. Thus, there is a need to get a hold in the market, as the original efficacy of CP is
being compromised. Companies are launching CP in cookies, sugar-free biscuits, snack bars,
chocolate granules, fruit-flavored (orange or mango) variants as part of a bid to make the
‗traditional‘ brand appealing to young consumers [(wiki.) Apart from introducing new and
exciting variants of CP, organizations have backed their marketing campaigns with well-
known stars. To entice the younger generation, Indian movie stars and sportsman such as
Akshay Kumar, Shahrukh Khan, Ravi Kishan, Virat Kohli, Saina Nehwal, Sachin Tendulkar,
and M.S. Dhoni have been featured in CP advertisements and other promotional activities
(Deshpande, S.W.; Gandhi, N. 2009).
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The cost of production of CP, if it is produced in bulk, will be around 70–80 per kg.
However, there are no stringent regulations on companies for pricing, as price control
systems are not applicable to Ayurveda products.
7. Evaluation of Morphological, Phytochemical and Physicochemical Properties of
herbal Formulation.
7. Chyawanprash For Quality Evaluation.
7.1 Morphological Testing
All the organoleptic properties viz. color, odor, taste, and consistency of different
chyawanprash preparations were noted down and assessed.
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7.2. Phytochemical Evaluation
Aqueous and methanol extract of chyawanprash prepared by hot extraction, were used for the
phytochemical investigations. All the phytochemical investigations were done as follows.
a. Tests for alkaloids (Wagner’s Test) - Small quantity of the extract was taken in a test
tube and evaporated. To the residue 1 ml dilute HCl was added, shaken well and filtered.
To the 1-2 ml of filtrate, Wagner‘s reagent was added. Brownish-red precipitate was
formed showing the presence of alkaloid(s) (Evans WC. Trease and Evans'
Pharmacognosy).
b. Tests for carbohydrates (Fehling’s Test) – 1 ml Fehling‘s A solution and 1 ml of
Fehling‘s B solution were mixed and boiled for one minute. Equal volume of extract was
added to the above mixture. The solution was heated in boiling water bath for 5-10
minutes. Brick red precipitate was observed showing the presence of carbohydrates
(Farnsworth MR, 1966).
c. Test for fixed oils and fats (Spot test) -A small quantity of extract was pressed between
two filter papers. Oil stain on the paper indicated the presence of fixed oil (Kokate, C.K.
Practical Pharmacognosy 2006).
d. Tests for flavonoids (Shinoda Test) - 5 ml of 95% ethanol and few drops of
concentrated HCl was added to few ml of the extract. To this solution, 0.5 g of
magnesium turnings was added. Observance of pink tomato red coloration indicated the
presence of flavonoid(s) (Sahu, VK, Raghuveer I, Alok S and Gurjar H 2010).
e. Tests for glycosides (Keller-Killiani Test) - To 2 ml of the extract, glacial acetic acid,
one drop 5% FeCl3 and conc. H2SO4 was added. Reddish brown color appeared at
junction of two liquid layers and upper layer turned bluish green indicating the presence
of glycoside(s) (Evans WC. Trease and Evans' Pharmacognosy).
f. Test for proteins and free amino acids (Millon’s test) - A small quantity of both
alcoholic and aqueous extracts was added in a few ml of distilled water, separately. To 2
ml of filtrate, 5-6 drops of Millon‘s reagent was added, red colored precipitate formation
confirmed the presence of proteins and free amino acids (Evans WC. Trease and Evans'
Pharmacognosy, 2006).
g. Test for saponins (Foam Test) Drug extract was shaken vigorously with water.
Formation of persistent foam indicates presence of saponins (Evans WC. Trease and
Evans Pharmacognosy, 2006).
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h. Tests for tannins and phenolic compounds
(a) FeCl3 Solution Test: On addition of 5% FeCl3 solution to the extract, appearance of deep
blue-black color indicates the presence of phenolic compound(s).[50]
(Farnsworth MR.1966)
(b) Dil. HNO3 Test: On addition of few ml of dilute HNO3 to the extract, appearance of
reddish color indicated the presence of tannin(s) and phenolic compound(s) (Farnsworth
MR.1966).
7.3. Physicochemical Evaluation
I. Water soluble extractive value - 5 g of chyawanprash preparation was macerated with 100
ml of distilled water in a closed flask for 24 hours, frequently shaking for six hours and
allowing standing for the next 18 hours. It was filtered rapidly, taking precautions against the
loss of solvent. 25 ml of the filtrate was evaporated to dryness in a tarred flat-bottomed
shallow dish, dried at 105⁰ C to constant weight and was weighed. The percentage of water-
soluble extractive was calculated with reference to the original amount of chyawanprash
taken (API. Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India 2001) It was done in triplicate for every
chyawanprash preparation.
II. Alcohol soluble extractive value - 5 g of chyawanprash preparation was macerated with
100 ml of alcohol of the specified strength in a closed flask for 24 hours, frequently shaking
for six hours and allowing standing for the next 18 hours. It was then filtered rapidly, taking
precautions against the loss of solvent. 25 ml of the filtrate was evaporated to dryness in a
tarred flat-bottomed shallow dish, dried at 105⁰ C to constant weight and was weighed. The
percentage of alcohol soluble extractive was calculated with reference to the original amount
of chyawanprash taken (API. Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India 2001) It was done in
triplicate for every chyawanprash preparation.
III. Loss on Drying (LOD) - 10 g of chyawanprash preparation (without any preliminary
drying) after accurately weighing was placed in a tarred evaporating dish. It was then dried at
105⁰ C for 5 hours, and weighed. Drying and weighing was continued at one-hour interval
until difference between two successive weighing (drying for 30 min and cooling for 30 min
in a desiccator), show not more than 0.01 g difference. The percentage LOD was calculated
with reference to the original amount of chyawanprash taken (API. Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia
of India 2001) It was done in triplicate for every samples.
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IV. Total acidity in terms of anhydrous citric acid - 2g chyawanprash was weighed
accurately and suspended in 100 ml of water. It was titrated with 1 M sodium hydroxide
using 0.5 ml of phenolphthalein solution as indicator (Indian Pharmacopoeia, Vol I 2007) It
was done in triplicate for every chyawanprash preparation.
V. Vitamin C content - 25 ml of vitamin C standard solution was added to a 125 ml
Erlenmeyer flask. 10 drops of 1% starch solution was added. Burette was rinsed with a small
volume of the iodine solution and filled. The initial volume was recorded. Solution was
titrated until the endpoint (Blue color) was reached. Final volume of iodine solution was
recorded. Titration was done in triplicate. Samples were titrated exactly the same way as
standard. The initial and final volume of iodine solution required to produce the color change
at the endpoint were recorded. And vitamin C content was calculated. (Ciancaglinia P,
Santosa HL et.al) It was done in triplicate for every chyawanprash preparation.
VI. Saponification Value - 2 g of chyawanprash preparation was weighed accurately, into a
200 ml flask of borosilicate glass fitted with reflux condenser. 25 ml of 0.5 M ethanolic
potassium hydroxide and a little pumice powder was added and boiled under reflux on water
bath for 30 minutes. 1 ml of phenolphthalein solution was added and titrated immediately
with 0.5 M HCl (1 ml). Blank titration was carried out by omitting the substance under
examination (b ml) (Sahu, VK, Raghuveer I, Alok S and Gurjar H.2010) It was done in
triplicate for every chyawanprash preparation. Saponification value was calculated from the
expression.
Saponification value = 28.05 (b-a)/w
VII. Acid Value - 10 g of chyawanprash preparation was weighed accurately, and transferred
in 50 ml of a mixture of equal volumes of ethanol (95%) and ether, previously neutralized
with 0.1 M KOH to phenolphthalein solution. The flask was connected with a reflux
condenser and warmed slowly, with frequent shaking, until the sample dissolved. 1 ml of
phenolphthalein solution was added and titrated with 0.1 M KOH until the solution remained
faintly pink after shaking for 30 seconds. It was done in triplicate for every chyawanprash
preparation. Acid value was calculated from the expression:
Acid value = 5.61 n/W
Where, n = the number of ml of 0.1 M KOH required;
W= the weight, in g of the substance (IP. Indian Pharmacopoeia I 2007.)
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VIII. Ester Value - Ester value was calculated from the expression.
Ester Value = Saponification value - Acid value (IP. Indian Pharmacopoeia I 2007)
IX. Total Ash - 2g accurately weighed chyawanprash was incinerated, in a tarred silica dish
at a temperature not exceeding 450⁰ C until free from carbon. It was then cooled and
weighed. The percentage of ash was calculated with reference to the original amount of
chyawanprash taken (API. Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India 2001) It was done in triplicate
for every chyawanprash preparation.
X. Acid Insoluble Ash - To the crucible containing total ash, 25 ml of dilute HCl was
added. Insoluble matter was then collected on ash less filter paper and washed with hot water
until the filtrate was neutral. Filter paper containing the insoluble matter was transferred to
the original crucible, and ignited to constant weight. The residue was allowed to cool in
desiccator for 30 minutes and then weighed. Acid insoluble ash was calculated with reference
to the original amount of chyawanprash taken (API. Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India
2001) It was done in triplicate for every chyawanprash preparation.
XI. Total Fat - Accurately weighed chyawanprash (5g) was extracted using diethyl ether. 3
to 4 successive extractions were done. It was then decanted in a tared flat bottom dish. The
solvent was evaporated by keeping on water bath. It was then cooled and weighed. The
difference in weight gives the total fat content of the sample for the amount of sample taken.
It was done in triplicate for every chyawanprash preparation.
XII. pH - pH of 5 % solution of chyawanprash was determined using pH meter. It was done
in triplicate for every chyawanprash preparation (IP. Indian Pharmacopoeia I 2007).
XIII. Weight ml-1
- Weight ml-1
of 1 % solution of chyawanprash was determined in
triplicate for chyawanprash preparation (IP. Indian Pharmacopoeia I 2007).
8. DISCUSSION
Chyavanaprasha is a complex mixture of many herbal ingredients. All the ingredients in the
Chyavanaprasha have been scientifically studied individually for their health benefits.
Chyavanaprasha is helpful in clearing the accumulated excreta by promoting digestion and
excretion. It is not only hepatoprotective but also streamlines the metabolism of fat and
proteins. It relieves cough, asthma, bronchospasm, respiratory tract infections and
tuberculosis. It has anti-oxidant, cardiotonic, cholesterol lowering and anti-inflammatory
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properties. As it works as an anti-oxidant, it slows down the ageing process and lowers blood
cholesterol levels. It also improves muscle tone by enhancing protein synthesis. It enhances
fertility. Shatavari, Bala, Jivanti, Ashwagandha, Gokshur acts as aphrodisiac. The other non-
herbal components of Chyavanaprasha also have many benefits. For example, ghee is a brain
tonic, nutritive, alterative, aphrodisiac, digestive and eye tonic. It is an immune modulator
drug. It is digestive which improves absorption and assimilation. Ghee makes the body
flexible. It is yogvahi therefore it acts as a catalyst agent that carries the medicinal properties
of herbs into the seven dhatus of the body. It neutralizes all the three doshas. Tail or sesame
oil is an antioxidant and helps in inflammatory conditions, ulcers, urinary diseases, migraine
etc. Madhu (honey) is a sweetening agent which is bactericidal, mild-laxative, antiseptic and
is good for ulcer.
9. CONCLUSION
If one wants to attain longevity, memory, intelligence, freedom from illness, youthfulness,
excellence of lusters, complexion and voice, optimum strength of physique and sense organs,
perfection in deliberation, respectability and brilliance then he should consume
Chyavanaprasha on daily basis.
10. REFERENCE
1. Ojha, J.K. (Eds.), 2003. Chyawanprash from Vedic and genomic era. Chaukhamba
Sanskrit Delhi.
2. Deshpade, S.W., Gandhi, N., 2009. Drugs and Cosmetic Act 1940 and rules 1945, fifth
ed. Susmit Publisher, Mumbai.
3. Bode, M., 2015. Assembling cyavanaprāsh, Ayurveda's best-selling medicine. Anthropol.
Med, 22: 23–33.
4. Sharma, P.V., 1992. Caraka Samhita, second ed., Vol II, Chaukhamba Orientalia,
Varanasi, 3–10.
5. Deshpade, S.W., Gandhi, N., 2009. Drugs and Cosmetic Act 1940 and rules 1945, fifth
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6. Vol I, (Krishan- Gopal Ayurved Bhawan, Kaleda, Ajmer), 1961; 779.
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8. Srikanta Murthy KR, Sarngadhar-Samhita- A Treatise on Ayurveda, (Chaukhambha
Orientalia, Varanasi), 1995; 111.
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9. Anonymous, Clinical Applications of Ayurvedic Remedies and a List of Ayurvedic
Preparations, (Sri Satguru Publications, Delhi), 1986; 140.
10. Charak Samhita, Chikitsasathanam, Vol II, (Motilal Banara- sidas, Banaras), 1954; 7.
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