Chng 12

THIT B PHN CHIA CC DUNG DCH CA CC CHT HOT HO SINH HC BNG MNG MNG

Thm thu ngc, siu lc, vi lc, thm tch, in thm tch, bc hi qua mng u thuc cc qu trnh phn chia cc dung dch bng mng mng. Cc qu trnh lc bng mng xy ra ch cng ngh mm, iu rt quan trng khi gia cng cc cht khng n nh. Cc phng php lc mng cho php ng thi thc hin cc qu trnh va tinh luyn va c c cc dung dch. Ngoi ra chng cn c tin hnh m khng c s chuyn pha ca sn phm gia cng v khng cn cung cp nhit, ch nhit mi trng, c kh nng gim mt mt ng k cc cht hot ho sinh hc. Cc qu trnh ny cho php t c mc c rt cao (n 250) v nhn c cc cht c c hm lng kh n 50%. Thit b mng lc tng i n gin, kch thc c bn khng ln, tit kim v c th t ng ho.

Cc mng c ng dng siu lc c th gi c cc phn t c kch thc t 5 n 50 nm, c ngha l cc phn t hu c loi ln. Cc mng thm thu ngc gi c cc phn t c kch thc 2,5 nm khi hot ng di p sut chn khng (t 4 n 10 MPa).

Kh nng phn chia ca cc mng c xc nh bi kh nng gi li cc ht c khi lng v kch thc phn t xc nh. Trn hnh 12.1 nu s la chn phng php phn chia cc dung dch ph thuc vo i lng cc ht c trong chng.

Nhc im ca cc qu trnh phn chia bng mng lc l s cn thit phi chun b v tinh ch cc dung dch mt cch cn thn, xut hin s phn cc nng - xut hin nng cao ca cht ho tan b mt mng lc v to nn mt lng ln cc cht thm, i hi phi tn dng hay tinh ch trc khi x vo h thng knh thot.

Lc mui1 Lcng10102103104105

Thm thu ngc

Siu lc

Phn ly cao tc

Lc truyn thng

Lc i phn tLc vi nh tng Lc vi khun

Hnh 12.1. Kch thc cc ht

mm

247

12.1. K THUT PHN CHIA BNG MNG LC

Sau hng triu nm bin ho, trong t bo sinh vt sng hnh thnh phng php vn nng v hon thin phn chia cc dung dch nh mng bn thm. V d nh v t bo ng v thc vt, nh chng m s trao i cht gia t bo v mi trng bn ngoi c thc hin.

12.1.1. Cc mng siu lc

Cc mng bn thm siu lc l nhng mng xp, trong tn ti h rnh xuyn sut bo m thm thu pha ca cc cu t trong hn hp b phn chia. Cc l nh trong mng to ra h thng ng rnh ngon ngoo lin kt vi nhau hay c th c lp. Cc mng bn thm l b phn hot ng c bn ca thit b siu lc, cho php tch cc cht ho tan c khi lng phn t trong khong 1200 3000000. Cc mng dng trong cng nhip c sn xut t cc mng xenluloza axetat xp, d hng co kt cu hai lp, gm lp b mt mng vi b dy 0,25 m n m xp mn c b dy 100 m. Lp mn hot ho ca mng s xc nh kh nng gi li mt loi cu t trong hn hp c phn chia, trong lp ny xy ra qu trnh phn chia. Vi kt cu ca lp hot ho vi kch thc l c quy nh s xc nh mc c cc cht.

Hin nay cc vt liu c dng lm nn cho mng: giy kim loi, thu tinh xp, graft... Yu cu c bn ca cc mng nhn to nh sau: tnh la chn cao, tnh thm cao, bn ho v tnh tr sinh hc i vi cc dung dch em phn ly, tnh n nh trong qu trnh hot ng, bn c hc v tui th ca, c kh nng ti sinh v gi thnh thp.

Hin ti Nga sn xut by nhn hiu mng siu lc c s dng trong cng nghip t xenluloza axetat dng: YAM - 30, 50 M, 100 M, 150 M, 200 M, 300 M v 500 M, chng khc nhau bi ng knh l (t 2 n 60 70 nm), bi tnh thm v tnh la chn tng ng. Mng YAM - 30 vi ng knh l nh nht c th c s dng c cc cht hot ho sinh hc c khi lng phn t n 10000, cn mng YAM - 500 vi ng knh ln nht c cc cht c khi lng phn t n 50000. Tuy nhin khi la chn cc mng, ngoi khi lng phn t cn phi tnh n yu t (khng gian, c trng cu trc khng gian cc phn t ca cht em c) c nh hng n tnh la chn ca cc mng, cng nh kh nng kt t ca nhiu cht hot ho sinh hc. Cho nn i vi mi mt h c th, vic la chn mng c thc hin bng phng php thc nghim.

Cc mng la chn dng YAM t xenluloza axetat c v tinh ch mt s enzim bng phng php siu lc c nu bng 12.1.

Bng 12.1. c tnh ca mt s mng la chn dng YAM

Enzim Khi lng phn t Mng

248

Proteinaza kim tnh t Bac. subtilis YAM - 150 20.000 23.000 YAM - 200

Proteinaza trung ho t Bac. subtilis 103 YAM - 200 45000

Rennin t Bac. mesentericus () YAM - 200 40000 50000 Lipaza t Asp. awamori YAM - 200 43000 50000 Xenluaza t Sedridium v Candidum YAM - 300 60000

Pectinaza t Asp. awamori 16 YAM - 300 80000

Glucoamilaza t Asp. niger YAM - 300 97000

Khi xt n tnh khng bn nhit ca cc dung dch, thng tin hnh qu trnh siu lc nhit bnh thng hay thp hn, v vy phi lm sch dung dch ban u trong qu trnh tun hon kn.

12.1.2. Cc x polyme

X polyme l vt liu la chn c trin vng dng cho siu lc. Chng l nhng ng mao dn c ng knh 20 100 m v chiu dy thnh ng xp 10 50 m. S hnh thnh cc x rng bng phng php p lm polyme nng chy qua cc khun ko c bit. Polyamit, penylon, polyacrylonitryl c s dng nh l nhng vt liu sn xut ra cc x rng.

Cc b x c gn cht vo b phn bn trong ca thit b siu lc to ra b mt c din tch n 30.000 m2. C th xp n 28 triu si x vo ng c ng knh 35 cm. Khi nng sut t 175 m 3 nc trn 1 m3 th tch khng gian trong ng.

Nhng u im ca cc x rng nh sau: kh nng to ra nhng yu t phn chia c mt gi cao, vn chuyn v bo qun dng kh, c kh nng gi p sut cao. Tuy nhin nhc im ln nht ca cc x polyme l rt kh thay i cc si x khi b h hng.

Mt trong nhng c im ca cc mng bn thm l tnh thm nc ca chng. Cc mng c dng trong cng nghip lc siu tc c c trng bi kh nng thm nc n 300 l/(m2.h) v ln hn, tuy nhin khi c v tinh ch cc dung dch cha enzim v cc dung dch hot ho sinh hc khc, nng sut ca chng thp ng k - khng ln hn 30 40 l/(m2.h).

Trong qu trnh hot ng nng sut ca mng gim xung.

12.1.3. Cc si x rng

Cc si x rng t vt liu xenluloza axetat l nhng ng nh c ng knh

249

trong 0,2 mm. Nhng si tr ho ny c cu trc d hng. Khi dng chy qua si rng b mt bn trong to ra ng lc trt cao s lm gim s phn cc nng . Ap sut tng ln trong khe si s y dung mi cc cht thp phn t v mui ra ngoi qua vch si, cn cc cht c gi li s tp trung trong dng tun hon kn. Cc si c ghp li thnh nhng b mt, khong 1000 si v c xp kn trong ng nha trong, nh m c th nhn c din tch b mt lc ln vi th tch va phi. Kh nng ca cc mng gi li cc cht ho tan c tnh chn lc c th hin bi h s gi:

f

0n

0

fn

g

vvl

nnl

K =

ntrong : - Nng cui ca cc cu t i phn t trong vt liu gi, ca cc ht trn 1 cm

f3 ;

n0 - nng ban u ca cc cu t i phn t, ca cc ht trn 1 cm3;

V0 - th tch ban u, m3 ;

Vf - th tch cui cng, m3.

Tc chy ca dng qua mng ph thuc vo dng cc cht ho tan c gi li, vo ho tan, nng v cc tnh cht khuch tn, ng thi cng ph thuc vo mng, vo din tch hot ng ca mng, vo p sut, nhit v nht.

Tc ca dng chy xuyn qua mng t l nghch vi logarit nng ca cht ho tan c tnh n nh hng ca cc iu kin phn cc nng . Tnh thm thu ca mng gim xung khi tng nng v khi tin hnh qu trnh nhit thp hn nhit bnh thng.

12.1.4. Cc dng thit b dng mng lc

Hin ti ngi ta s dng rng ri bn loi kt cu c bn ca cc thit b dng mng lc: c cc b mt lc, ng lc, cun lc v cc mng la chn dng cc si rng. Ba loi thit b u c trang b hon chnh cc mng bn thm phng ng nht v chng khc bit bi cc phng php gi v gia c mng.

c tnh quan trng ca cc thit b dng mng lc l mt gi ca mng - din tch b mt ca cc mng la chn trn mt n v th tch thit b. Mt gi ca cc mng trong thit b c nhiu dng khc nhau c nu di y (m2/m3).

Dng ng 60 200 Dng cun 300 800 Dng khung phng 60 300 Dng c cc si rng n 30000

250

Trong cc thit b dng cun, mt hay mt s mng 3 c gia c gia b tiu nc 4 v b sng li (hnh 12.2). Mt pha ca vt liu lc nh th c bt kn trn ng thi cht lc 1, v tt c vt liu c cun trn trn ng ny dng rul 2. Nhanh chng trong vn thay i cc b phn lc lm cho thit b dng cun tr nn rt thun tin cho thao tc.

Nhc im ca cc thit b loi ny l sc cn thu lc cao v s tch tr cn trong cc b sng bng li.

2 1

Dung dch ban uCht lc

Hnh 12.2. S sp xp cc mng la chn trong thit b dng cun Cht lc

Cht c Dung dch ban u

Hnh 12.3. S thit b dng mng lc dng khung phng: 1- B lp; 2- Thanh ging;

3- Khu phng; 4- m xp; 5- Mng la chn

1 2 3 4 5

Cc thit b khung phng. Trong cc thit b dng khung phng, cc bn c cc c cu tiu nc tho cht lc c bao ph bi cc mng la chn t hai pha v c tp trung vo ti. Cho nn gia cc bn c to nn nhng rnh h hnh thnh knh dn dung dch ban u (hnh 12.3). Cc thit b dng khung phng c lp rp n gin v hot ng bn. Nhc im l s phn b dung dch em phn chia gia cc rnh khng u, mt gi thp v lng vt liu cao.

Thit b c cc si rng. Cc thit b trn c s ca cc si rng gm v xilanh, trong t ng trc hay cc si rng m khng cn ng tr. Cc si c ph kn t mt hay hai u si bng cc bn lm bng nha epoxit. Cc thit b trn c s ca cc si rng c mt gi rt cao. Tuy nhin cc dung dch c phn chia trong thit b cn phi tinh ch s b, v hiu sut ca qu trnh phn chia ph thuc ng k vo s tinh ch s b ca chng.

Ngi ta ch to khi vi lc nh trong hnh 12.4, s dng cc si rng t xenluloza axetat v nylon - 12. Thit b gm cc b (mi b c 10000 si), si rng c xp trong ng xilanh. c 10.000 m2/m3. Vch cc si rng thc cht l mng bn thm. Di p sut, cht lng c y vo b si t mt u v, cn cht vi lc thot ra t hai u cui ca b si.

Thit b c nng sut t 5 n 1000 m3/ngy.

251

Dung dch ban u

Cht lc Cht lc

Hnh 12.4. Thit b dng mng lc trn c s ca cc si rng:

1- Vng hm; 2- Bn ; 3- Li che chn; 4- Cc si rng; 5- Bn bng nha epoxit; 6- a ; 7,10- y; 8- ng phn phi c t l; 9- V bng si thu tinh.

12.2. CC THIT B SIU LC C S DNG TRONG CNG NGHIP

12.2.1. Cu to

Qu trnh siu lc c thc hin trong khi mng dng khung phng. Din tch b mt lm vic ca mi khi 10 12 m2.

Khi siu lc (hnh 12.5) gm v hp 3, trong xp cc ti cha b lc phng 5, c phn cch ln nhau gia cc m c hnh dng c bit 4. Khe rnh c chiu su 1,0 1,5 mm c to ra gia cc cp ni ca b lc. Dung dch c c chy qua cc rnh. ngn nga s x dch ca ti khi hot ng thng dng cc chi tit nh v 2, cc g ca cc b lc v cc m phn chia c t vo . Ti c bt kn trong hp nh np trn 1. Np trc 8 c lp cc on ng np dung dch ban u v tho cht c c c c nh bi cc cht 6 qua lp m kn 7 t pha mt mt ca my. on ng tho cht thm c b tr pha sn ca my.

B lc gm bn tr bng polypropilen c dng hnh vung, hai pha tm c cc rnh kha dc, ngang vi chiu su 0,3 mm. Dng vi capron c s sng No 32 - 49 bc kn bn. t mng la chn trn, sao cho ph kn mt mt mt ca b lc, cht thm c tho ra qua ba b lc h cn li.

Hnh 12.5. Khi siu lc

Cht thm

252

My vi lc gm 20 25 b lc v 20 24 mng xenluloza axetat. C th s dng polystrirol, thu tinh hu c... lm bn tr.

Paronit (caosu aming), caosu v relin c b dy khc nhau c s dng lm lp m.

My siu lc c cc u im sau: kn, s gia c an ton cc b lc v cc m phn cch v mt lng chi tit khng ng k tho c.

Nhc im l khi lng lao ng lp rp v tho d my ln.

My siu lc (hnh 12.6) hot ng nh sau: dung dch tit trng ban u t thng cha 1 qua b lc vi khun 2 v b lc s b 5 ri dng bm 3 y vo vng tun hon kn. Vng tun hon gm bm tun hon 6, b trao i nhit 7 v bn b siu lc 8. Sau khi bm, dung dch c phn b thnh hai dng song song. Mi dng chy qua hai b lc ni lin tip nhau, v sau chng kt hp li thnh dng chung vo b trao i nhit. p sut lm vic trong h c iu chnh bng van. Nhit ca dung dch c gi n nh trong gii hn 100C nh b trao i nhit. Cht thm cha cc dung dch cc cht thp phn t vo thng cha 9, cn cht c sau khi tun hon nhiu ln n mt mc nht nh th a vo thng thu nhn cht c 10. Vic ni lin tip cc ng song song ca cc b vi lc cho php thay i cc thit b trong qa trnh hot ng v lm thun tin cho thao tc. ngn nga s xm nhp cc vi sinh vt l vo h siu lc, thng trang b thm bm tun hon c m hai mt mt. Bm tun hon 11 y nc tit trng t thng cha vo m. Sau cc bm thng lp cc b chng rung san bng xung ng ca dung dch. Trn cc ng x cht c v cht thm lp t cc lu lng k kiu con quay, cn on thng ra ngoi khng kh c cc b lc vi khun.

Khi kt thc qu trnh cc b vi lc, cc thng cha u c ra bng nc v xc nh hm lng enzim trong nc ra. Enzim c trch ra t nc ra trong chu k c tip theo.

Dng dung dch 1% monocloamin hay cht st trng khc tit trng thit b trong thi gian 15 20 pht, sau ra bng nc tit trng trong vng 30 40 pht, tip theo chu k cng ngh c lp li.

Thit b vi lc t ng lin tc c nng sut cao (hnh 12.7) c s dng trong sn xut ln cc loi ch phm enzim v cc ch phm hot ho sinh hc khc.

Thit b gm 18 b vi lc 4 vi din tch b mt hot ng 180 m2. Cc b c nhm ho thnh ba mc c ni nhau lin tc. Mi mc l mt vng tun hon kn, ngoi cc b vi lc tham gia vo vng tun hon cn c bm 2 v b trao i nhit 3.

Vng u tin c 9, vng hai 6, vng th ba 3 b.

253

Vo kh quyn

Nc tit trng

3 4 5 4 11

Cht lc

Dung dch ban u

Cht c

Vo kh quyn

12

Hnh 12.6. My siu lc:

1- Thng cha dung dch ban u; 2- B lc vi khun; 3- Bm np dung dch; 4- B chng rung; 5- B lc s b; 6- Bm tun hon; 7- B trao i nhit; 8- Khi vi lc; 9- Thng cha cht lc; 10- Thng cha cht c; 11- Bm; 12 - Thng cha nc tit trng

Trong mi mc, cht lng c c qua ba b lin tc.

mc u c ba dng song song nhau, mc hai hai v mc ba mt. Dung dch t mc u vo mc hai v sau vo mc ba, cc cht thp phn t c lc lin tc. H phn b dng nh th cho php t tc chuyn ng ca cht lng trong cc rnh n 2 m/s, gim bt sc cn thu lc v tiu th nng lng ti thiu.

254

Vo kh quyn

NcHi

Vo kh quyn Hi Cht

NcstD

6

ung dch enzim

Cht lc

Cht c

Hnh 12.7. My vi lc

Trong tin trnh vn hnh lng cht thm theo cc mc ca h c gim xung, cn mc c tng ln. Lng cht thm c bn nhn c mc u tin, nh hn - mc hai v cn nh hn na mc th ba, cho nn din tch b mt lc mc u l 90, mc hai - 60 v mc ba - 30 m2. Dung dch u c y vo h thu lc ca my t thng cha 5 nh bm nh lng 1 c p sut 0,6 MPa.

My vi lc c trang b h t ng iu chnh quan h gia tiu hao cht thm v cht c, cho php lin tc iu chnh mu cht c (ph thuc vo s ln tun hon v lng enzim thu nhn c).

Thit b cng c trang b cc dung lng cha dung dch st trng 7 v nc tit trng 8, trang b h np nc vo cc b vi lc trong thi gian ngng np dung dch ( bo gi mng xenluloza axetat) . Khng kh thi ra khi h c lm sch trong cc b lc vi khun 6.

lNng sut ca thit b l 1800 /h.

Kh khn cho vic thay th cc mng la chn sau khi lc l nhc im chnh ca cc thit b siu lc.

255

Bng 12.2. c im k thut ca cc thit b siu lc

Cc ch s YK - 40 YK - 180 (1) 0,45 2,0 Nng sut tnh theo dung dch ban u,

m3/h S ln c tnh theo th tch 10 v hn 10 v hn Din tch b mt ca cc mng, m2 40 180 Nhit ln nht, 0C 50 50 Ap sut lm vic, MPa 0,6 0,6 Phm vi pH (2) 5 8 5 8 Cng sut, kW 15 122 Cng sut n v, kW/m2 0,37 0,68 Kch thc c bn 21509002800 1020053002800 Khi lng, kg 1800 9700

(1)Ghi ch: Nng sut ph thuc vo cc thng s cc mng c s dng v cc tnh cht cc cht lng em c.

(2) Khi s dng cc mng c nhn hiu YAM bng xenluloza axetat.

12.2.2. Cc thit b siu lc dng mun

Hin nay trong thc t cc nc c xu hng tho ra nhng thit b dng mun v cng ngh mng lc. Vic ng dng cc thit b siu lc dng mun s cho php lm d dng vic thao tc v gim nhn cng.

Cc t hp siu lc Y - 15/20 , Y - 15/40 , Y - 15/2000. Cc thit b siu lc Y - 15/20 tc ng gin on c dng c v tinh ch cc dung dch cha enzim v cc cht hot ho khc. V xilanh ca thit b dng mng lc trong t hp Y - 15/20 (hnh 12.8) c ph kn t hai hng bng cc np bch c y elip. C nh hai mun mng dng khung phng trong v c din tch b mt ca mi mun 12,5 m2. Mun gm cm cc b lc phng c dng cc tm bn xp bng polyme c bc bi mng la chn. Cm c p li gia cc mt bch bng cc thanh ging bn trong cc rnh rng tho cht thm. Cht thm tho ra ngoi qua cc khp vn, c phn b trong v thit b.

T hp lc Y - 15/40 khc vi t hp lc Y - 15/20 ch t hp Y - 15/40 c hai thit b lc mng ni tip nhau. Tng din tch ca b mt mng 50 m2.

256

6

1 4 2 3

5

Cht lc

Tc nhn lnh

Dung dch ban u

Hnh 12.8. S t hp siu lc Y -15/40

1- Thng cha dch; 2- Bm tun hon; 3-B lc s b; 4- Thit b lc bng mng mng; 5- Van tit lu; 6- B trao i nhit

c tnh k thut ca t hp Y - 15/140 Nng sut tnh theo dung dch ban u, m3/h: di 4

S ln c tnh theo dung dch: di 10

Din tch b mt ca cc mng, m2: 50

Ap sut lm vic, MPa: 1,5

Lng dn ng in: 2

Cng sut n v ca ng c in, kW/m2: 13

Kch thc c bn: 360014002200 Khi lng, kg: 1670

T hp lc Y - 15/2000 c b mt lc tng cng 2000 m2. T hp lc c cc thit b dng mng lc dng mun, v kt cu tng t nh cc thit b c s dng trong t hp Y - 15/20.T hp Y - 15/2000 gm bn t hp nh Y - 15/50 tc ng gin on, lm vic ch t ng. Mi t hp nh c b phn c lp v hon ton c th bo m ch cng ngh cho. C bn vng tun hon trong t my siu lc, mi vng gm c bm tun hon, b trao i nhit v nm thit b dng mng lc c ni lin tc.

T my siu lc Y - 15/500 lm vic nh sau: dung dch t chy y vng tun hon, sau m bm np liu y dung dch t dung lng ban u vo vng th nht, v m cc bm tun hon. Cho nn mt phn cht lng c tun hon theo vng, cn mt phn chy t vng ny sang phn khc, mc c tng dn. Khi trong vng th bn t c nng c cho th m van tho cht thm vo vng tip theo. Dung dch u c np thng xuyn vo vng th nht vi mt lng bng tng lng cht thm tho ra t mi vng v lng cht c t vng th bn.

257

H thng lp rp cc ng ng dn cho php m bt k vng tun hon no m khng cn phi dng t my. c tnh k thut ca cc t hp Y - 15/500 v Y - 15/2000 c nu bng 12.3.

Bng 12.3. c tnh k thut ca cc t hp siu lc Y - 15/500 v Y-15/2000Cc ch s Y - 15/500 Y - 15/2000

Ch lm vic Gin on Gin on

Nng sut (1) 3,75 15,0 tnh theo dung dch ban u, m3/h

di 10 di 10 S ln c

500 2000 Din tch b mt ca cc mng, m2

20 80 Lng t my lc bng mng

50 50 Nhit cho php cao nht (2), 0C di 1,0 di 1,0 Ap sut lm vic, MPa

5 8 5 8 Phm vi pH (2)11 44 Lng dn ng in

181 725 Cng sut ng c in, kW 0,36 0,36 Cng sut n v, kW/m2

12000150005000 48000150005000 Kch thc c bn 32000 130000 Khi lng, kg

(1)Ghi chu: Nng sut ph thuc vo cc thng s ca cc mng c ng dng v cc tnh cht ca cht lng em c.

(2) Khi s dng cc mng c nhn hiu YAM t xenluloza axetat.

Cc t hp siu lc dng ng v dng cun. Cc t hp tc ng gin on phn chia cc dung dch bng phng php siu lc dng cun v dng ng. T my dng cun dng phn chia cc dung dch tng i nguyn cht, cn dng ng - i vi cc dung dch cha th huyn ph.

T hp MP - 70 - 2000T. T hp gm cc t my lc dng mng, bm tun hon, khung, trm iu khin v c trang b cc dng c o - kim tra. Thit b trao i nhit v dung lng khng thuc thnh phn ca t hp.

Trong v xilanh ca t my c ba khp ni: np dung dch phn chia, tho cht c v tho cht lc. Mun dng ng hay dng cun c lp trong v. Mun dng ng gm cc ng xp bng cht do thu tinh sp xp song song nhau c ng knh 12 mm, cc mng la chn c lp vo b mt bn trong ca cc ng xp trn.

258

Mun dng cun l lp bng mng bn thm, li capron v vi capron ph ln ng t l. Bm y dung dch vo khoang bn trong ca cc b phn phn chia ri n b mt ca mng. Cht thm c tho ring bit t mi mun vo ng gp. Dung dch c c cc b t cc t my quay v dung lng tun hon.

Khi lm vic vi cc cht hot ho sinh hc t hp c b sung thm cc b trao i nhit trnh dung dch b qu nhit khi tun hon.

c tnh k thut ca t hp MP - 70 - 2000T:

Nng sut tnh theo cht thm, m3/ngy: 24

Din tch b mt mng, m2: 35

Ap sut lm vic, MPa: 0,35

Cng sut thit k, kW: 110

Cng sut n v , kW/m2: 3,14

Kch thc c bn: 490042002500 Khi lng, kg: 5200

12.2.3. Cc t hp mun siu lc tc dng lin tc

T hp mun siu lc dng lc - p c cc sn phm lng trong cng nghip vi sinh, y v ho.

T hp siu lc A1 - OYC. T hp (hnh 12.9) gm 6 l: 1 6, mi mt l c bm tun hon 9, b trao i nhit 10, chng c ni vi ng gp chung tho cht c v cht lc.

T hai dung lng 11, sn phm ban u chy vo b trao i nhit 12, ti y sn phm c un nng v sau bm 13 y vo t my siu lc.Trong l 1 sn phm c p thng qua cc mun vi tc trn mng 1,6 2,0 cm/s nh bm tun hon 8. Sn phm c tun hon nhiu ln trong vng ca l, cht lc c tho lin tc khi mun, cn cht c mt phn c y vo l 2, v qu trnh nh th c lp li. Vic c tip tc c thc hin tng t trong tt c cc l tip theo. Thnh phm c nng t theo quy nh c tho ra khi l 6.

Cc l c ni lin tc vi nhau, ng thi trong bn l u lp t cc mun 7 c b mt lm vic 7,7 m2, gm 53 b phn lc. Trong hai l cui lp t cc mun 8 c b mt lc 3,6 m2 gm 25 b phn lc.

iu chnh, trong vng t ng ca l 6 lp khc x k 14 c lin kt chc nng vi van 15 c t ca ra ca thit b.

259

1 2 3 4 5 6

11

12 13

7 7 7 7 7 7 1010 10 10 10 10

15 1

9 9

Cht c

Cht lc

Hnh 12.9. T hp siu lc A1 -OYC

c tnh k thut ca t hp siu lc A1 - OYC:

Nng sut (tnh theo huyt thanh) l/h: 5000 6700 Hm lng cht kh trong cht c, %: 25

B mt lm vic ca mng xenluloza axetat, m2: 52

Cng sut cc ng c in, kW: 77,8

Kch thc c bn , mm: 1650033002500 Khi lng, kg: 16000

T hp mun siu lc A1 - OYB

T hp c sn phm protein A1 - OYB c ng dng cc mng polyme c bn cao trong m. Vic ni song song - ni tip cc phn t lc cho php to ra cc mun c b mt lm vic khc nhau.

T hp A1 - OYB (hnh 12-10) gm dung lng cha dung dch ban u 4, bm np liu 5, b trao i nhit 6 vi ng vin 7 v van iu tit 5, hai b lc tinh 8 v t my siu lc gm ba l 9,10,11. Mi l c mun 12 (hay 13), bm tun hon 14 v b lc trao i nhit 15 . Trong cc l 9 v 10 s dng mun 12 vi b mt cc mng 25 m2, gm 100 phn t lc. Cc phn t lc c kt hp li thnh 5 khi ni nhau lin tc. Trong l 11 s dng mun 13 vi b mt lm vic 15 m2, gm 60 phn t lc v c kt hp li thnh ba khi. Trong vng ca l ba c lp khc x k 16, cn v tr tho ra khi t my c van 17 lin kt chc nng vi khc x k.

260

Cht c cha

Hnh 12.10. T hp siu lc tc ng lin tc A1 - OYB

Cht lc em gia cng

Bm np liu 5 y sn phm ban u t dung lng 4 qua b trao i nhit 6 v cc b lc tinh 8 vo l 9 ca t my siu lc, qua b lm lnh 15, cn cht lc c tho lin tc ra khi mun v vo thng cha 20. Mt phn sn phm c c t l 9 vo l 10 v qu trnh c c lp li. Sau t l 10 sn phm vo l 11. Thnh phm tho ra khi l 11, thnh phn ca sn phm c iu chnh nh van 17 c lin quan chc nng vi khc x 16, sau cc sn phm c hng vo cc giai on tip theo qua b trao i nhit 18, cn cht c dng bm 19 y ra khi phng 20 gia cng tip theo.

Cc dung dch c c chun b trong dung lng 2 v dng bm nh lng y vo thng cha 1, ti y n c lm long n nng theo yu cu. Dng bm 3 y dung dch long vo t hp qua thng cha dung dch ban u 4.

c tnh k thut ca t hp siu lc A1 - OYB:

S lng l: 3

S lng mun : 3

B mt lm vic ca cc mun, m2: 25, 25,15

Nng sut (tnh theo sa khi s dng cc mng polysunfua) l/h: 3800 2500

261

Nng sut n v, l/m2: 46

Cng sut ng c, kW: 57

Kch thc c bn, mm: 1175036003600 Khi lng, kg: 14700

12.2.4. Cc t hp vi lc mt s nc

T hp siu lc ca Hng DDS. Hng DDS (an Mch) sn xut cc t hp cng nghip khung phng siu lc dng nm ngang c mc t ng cao, chng c th hot ng ch gin on hay lin tc.

Cc phn t c bn ca t hp thuc Hng DDS l nhng mng mun, c h rnh nh song song, tng t nh b p - lc.

So snh cc tnh cht ca mng xenluloza axetat v polysunfua c ng dng trong cc t hp thuc hng DDS c gii thiu trong bng 12.4.

Hng DDS sn xut cc t hp siu lc c din tch b mt mng 9 1900 m2, c dng sn xut mc ln v nh (bng 12.5).

Bng 12.4. c tnh ca cc mng xenluloza axetat v polysunfua c s dng trong cc t hp siu lc ca Hng DDS

Cc ch s Mng xenluloza axetat Mng polysunfua

Phm vi pH 2 9 0 14 Phm vi nhit hot ng, 0C 0 50 0 80 bn c hc, kg/cm2 0,7 10,0

Bng 12.5. c im k thut ca t hp siu lc sn xut ln thuc Hng DDS

Cc ch s F35 - 360 F35 - 1700

Nng sut tnh theo dung dch ban u, m3 8 38 /h

360 1700 Din tch b mt cc mng, m2

1 1 S lng mun mng trong t hp

1 1 Ap sut lm vic, MPa

1,5 1,5 Tc dng dung dch qua mun, m/s

298 1341 Cng sut ng c in, kW

0,83 o,72 Cng sut n vi, kW/m2

262

Kch thc c bn, mm

ca t hp 490019002000 490019002000 ca t my 1190036002000 1190036002000

T hp siu lc ca Hng Romicon (H Lan). T hp HL-1/3SL ca Hng Romicon (hnh 12.11) gm b cc si c ng knh 60 160 mm v chiu di ln hn 1000 mm, b mt bn trong ca chng c ph cc mng. Cc si c phn b trong v xilanh kn. Trong v phn b cc khp ni np dung dch ban u v tho cht c, cht thm, cng nh lp cc dng c o. Cc dng mng trong si c th chn la, ph thuc vo cht lng em c.

T hp gm bm tun hon 4, ba khi mng 1 bng nhng si rng, b lc trong dung dch 3, b trao i nhit kiu tm lm lnh dung dch trong qu trnh tun hon v trm iu khin 2. Dng bm ly tm nhiu nc, y cht lng ban u vo b lc p tinh luyn dung dch 3, sau vo b si siu lc 1 di p sut 0,6 0,8 MPa. Bn

trong b, cht lng chy theo cc rnh p st b mt sng v c lc dn. S tn ti mt lng ln cc rnh, cho php tng nhanh tc ca dng, nhm to kh nng gim nng phn cc. Cht c vo thng cha v tun hon n nng cui cng cho, cn cht thm khi tp trung li ngoi cc ng, theo ng trong sut vo thng cha. Nhit c c th thit lp trong gii hn t 4 n 90

Hnh 12.11. T hp siu lc ca Hng Romicon

0C, tr s pH - t 1 n 12. Cc b phn tip xc vi dung dch c u c lm bng thp khng g.

263

Hnh 12.12. T hp siu lc HF 10-20 SS ca Hng Romicon

Dun

T hp c b tr rt gn, cc kch thc c bn 8658651625 mm v khi lng 150 kg, nng sut ca t hp 1800 l/h.

T hp ca hng HF 10-20SS (hnh 12.12) gm thng cha 1, dung dch ban u t thng cha bm qua cc thit b dng mng 3 nh bm tun hon 2 v quay v thng cha. Trong qu trnh lc c th thay i hng chy ngc li ca dung dch, nhm thc hin gin on khi ra cc ng mao dn. Mt phn cht thm thi ra khi thit b c tp trung vo thng cha 5, t d bm 4 y vo cc thit b mng lc ra cc ng mao dn bng dng cht lng ngc li. Nng sut ca thit b 12000 l/h, kch thc c bn 900025002000 mm, khi lng 250 kg.

12.3. CC T HP MNG LM SCH CC DNG NUC THI CNG NGHIP

T hp YMP. Cc t hp ny c ng dng phn chia v lm sch cc dng nc thi cng nghip, cng nh tch cc sn phm c gi tr ra khi dng nc thi bng phng php thm lc ngc.

g dch ban u Cht c

ThoTho

Cht

264

T hp lc YPM gm b lc lm sch s b, cc b chia, bm, dng c o - kim tra, trm iu khin v cc ng ng ni.

Cc b chia dng mng bng c ng dng phn chia bng phng php thm thu ngc, cn cc mng chia dng ng - c cc dung dch bng phng php siu lc. T hp dng bng gm v xilanh c cc khp ni np dung dch ban u v tho cht c v cht lc. Bn trong v c phn b b phn chia. B phn chia l ng t l c bao ph lp li capron v ba lp vi capron, vi mng bn thm vn xon. B phn chia dng ng gm 7 10 ng song song bng cht do thu tinh, bn trong ng c phn b cc mng bn thm. Dng bm y cc dung dch ban u qua cc on ng np v khoang bn trong ca cc b phn chia ri ti cc b mt bn thm. Di tc dng ca p sut c to ra trong cc b phn chia, mt phn cht lng c lm trong chy qua on ng thot ra ngoi, cn cc cht ho tan (khng qua mng) cng vi dung mi cn li c tho ra ngoi qua cc on ng khc.

T hp MP. T hp (hnh 12.13) gm cc b phn chia bng mng 4 c cc phn cun v phn ng, bm 2, cc dng c o - kim tra, trm iu khin v cc ng ng ni nhau.

B phn chia dng cun l mt v xilanh, bn trong n c phn b ng t l lm bng thp 12X18H10T. nh trn ng mt s ti. Ti gm cc mng bn thm, b xoy, m v b tiu nc.

Trong b phn chia dng ng c lp khi ng gm nhm ng rng bng thu tinh do t song song nhau. Cc mng bn thm c lp trn vch trong ca cc ng.

Cht c

Cht lc

Hnh 12.13. S t hp MP - 2 - 50P phn chia mi trng lng bng mng

Bm 2 di p sut nht nh s y cht lng em phn chia t dung lng 1 qua b tch thu lc 3 vo cc khoang bn trong ca cc b phn chia 4 n b mt ca mng bn thm.

Di tc ng ca p sut tng c to ra trong b phn chia, dung mi chy qua cc mng bn thm v c tho ra qua on ng tho cht lc ri chy n ng gp ca t hp. Mt phn dung dch khng qua mng c tho ra khi b phn chia qua on ng tho.

Bng 12.6. c tnh k thut ca cc t hp phn chia cc mi trng cht lng bng mng, nhit mi trng phn chia 5 350C v p sut d 4 8 MPa

Cc ch s MP-2-50P MP-40-40P MP-20-200P MP-70-2000T

Nng sut theo cht lc, m

0,4 8,5 42 24 3/ ngy

265

Din tch b mt ca mng, m

2,5 50 250 5 2

p sut lm vic, MPa 5 4 5 0,35 Cng sut thit k, kW 1,1 5,5 47 110 Kch thc c bn,mm

1034910 1325

20301130 1385

31203060 2000

49004210 2500 Khi lng , kg 413 1385 4233

5230

12.4. TNH TON CC T HP SIU LC V CC T MY

Khi khai thc cc t hp siu lc c cc dung dch cha cht hot ho sinh hc cn phi tun theo bn dng tnh ton: tnh cng ngh, thu lc, c hc v nhit.

Nhim v ca tnh ton cng ngh bao gm xc nh din tch cn thit b mt lm vic ca mng, xc nh cc dng nguyn liu v la chn cp liu ca cc loi bm tun hon v bm np liu. Trong trng hp ng dng cc h siu lc nhiu cp phi tin hnh phn b din tch b mt mng theo cc vng tun hon.

12.4.1. Tnh ton cng ngh cc t hp siu lc v cc b mt lm vic ca cc mng

tin hnh tnh ton cng ngh cc t hp siu lc cn phi chn s b nhn hiu mng bn thm nhm m bo tnh chn lc cho, v xc nh nhng c tnh cng ngh c bn ca qu trnh c. Nhng s liu thu c bng thc nghim trong cc t hp th nghim cho mi mt loi dung dch.

n n nChn s t hp siu lc gm ba vng tun hon 1, 2, 3 c thit lp trong qu trnh c mt cch bt k. Khi cn phi kho st iu kin: 321 nnnn = .

Gi th mc c trong mi vng u bng nhau, c ngha l: 3

321 nnnn === Khi cng sut ca t hp siu lc c tnh theo cht c:

nQQ dc =

trong : Qd- nng sut ca t hp tnh theo dung dch ban u.

Nng sut ca t hp tnh theo cht thm:

cdct QQQ = Mt phn lng dung dch c c chy t vng tun hon th nht vo vng

tun hon th hai:

266

1d1 n

QQ =

Lng cht thm c thi ra t cc t mng ca vng tun hon th nht:

1dct1 QQQ = T vng tun hon th hai vo vng tun hon th ba:

2

12 n

QQ =

212ct QQQ

Hnh 12.14. ng lc hc ca s bin i thm ca mng chn lc YAM - 200 ph thuc vo mc c khi

siu lc proteaza kim tnh

0468101214

1618

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 n

G, N/( 2/h)

Lng cht thm c thi ra t cc t my ca vng tun hon th hai:

= ca vng tun hon th ba:

1ctct3ct QQQQ = 2ct thm ca mng chn lc theo mc

c ca dung dch ban u s thay i do s bin i cc tnh cht ho - l ca mi trng - tng nht, tng nng ca cc cht kh ho tan, thay i sc cng b mt, thay i t trng... (hnh 12.14).

Cho nn xc nh din tch b mt lc cn thit ca cc vng tun hon, cc i lng thm trung bnh trong mi vng tun hon K K1 , 2 v K3 c xc nh bng th khi bin i mc c tng ng t n0 n n1, t n1 n n2 v t n2 n n3.

Din tch b mt mng (m2) ca mi vng tun hon:

i

ctii K

QF =

12.4.2. Tnh ton thu lc ca my

Tnh ton thu lc ch yu l xc nh sc cn thu lc ca t mng v ct p cn thit ca bm tun hon. thc hin iu cn phi bit cc thng s sau: chiu cao rnh gia cc mng h b, b rng ca rnh , chiu di rnh gia cc mng l, s lng rnh gia cc mng n, tc dng dung dch trong rnh gia cc mng v, nht ng hc ca dung dch cha enzim , t trng ca dung dch enzim .

H s ma st ca cc rnh c tit din ch nht vi cc cnh b h v :

267

ReKf hhms =

trong : Khh - h s ph thuc vo t s cc kch thc hnh hc ca rnh;

qdvd Re - chun Reynolds, Re =

y: dqd - ng knh tit din quy i ( dqd = 2h).

i vi trng thi chy tng ca dung dch th sc cn thu lc ca cc t my:

gHd

LfvP +

++=

qd

qdms2

12

trong : L Lqd - chiu di quy i ca rnh, m , ( qd = l);

- sc cn cc b ca t my (thng ly = 0); H - chiu cao nng dung dch i vi t my, m.

12.5.T HP LM TRONG V LC TIT TRNG

Cc qu trnh lm trong v lc tit trng c tm quan trng trc khi xc nh kh nng lm vic ca cc t hp siu lc, tui th ca cc mng xenluloza axetat, cng nh cht lng lm sch dung dch khi vi khun. Chun b dung dch cho siu lc c tin hnh trong cc b lc c bit.

Cc b lc trong v lc tit trng c nhiu khung bn. lm trong v tit trng cc dung dch cha cc cht hot ho sinh hc trc khi c chng bng phng php siu lc thng s dng cc b lc nhiu khung bn (hnh 12.15) gm b khung li c bn tit trng hay lm trong. B lc nm trn khung my gm cc tr, c ni vi cc thanh ging v c cc thanh ngang.

268

Np hi khi tit trng

Np cht lng lc t thng kt

Tho cht lng c lc

ng ly mu th nghim

Hnh 12.15. B lc khung bn lm trong dung dch:

1- Bnh xe; 2- Khung my; 3- Trc ; 4- Khay; 5- ng mm; 6, 9,10,16, 20 - Cc van; 7- Thanh ngang; 8- Van; 11- Khung hai li; 12; Khung ba li; 13- Bn tit trng; 14- Np c nh; 15- Ap k; 17- ng cao su; 18- Vt p; 19- V lng li; 21- Thanh ging; 22- ng ly mu th nghim; 23- Thng kt

Gia cc np c nh v di ng lp cc khung vi nhng bn xen k nhau. Cc bn c chia lm hai b phn - cho cht lng c lc v cho loi cha c lc. Di p sut d, cht lng cha c lc chy vo khoang cc np ca cc khung ba li v vo b cha.

Cc bn lc aming - xenluloza nhn hiu lm trong dung dch khi th l lng v gi li trn 85% vi sinh vt. Cc bn tit trng nhn hiu C, C-1, C-2 loi 100% vi sinh vt khi lc. Ti trng vi khun t n 1010 khun lc trn 1 cm2 b mt lc khi b bn vi khun. Theo hnh dng bn ngoi cc bn lc v bn tit trng l nhng a phng trng, do, gi sng mt mt. Cc bn lm bng hn hp xenluloza v amian. Cc si xenluloza c b dy 30 m to ra mng li khng gian th, cc l li c p

269

y si amian. Khi b dy ca bn t 4 5 mm th dng cht lng chy qua mt qung ng di ngon ngoo ca cc si.

Cc b lc bn gm cc ht v chng hp th trn ton b b mt cc si. Cc b lc bn c th tit trng bng hi nhit 1500C. Chng tr vi tt c cc dung mi, nhng rt nhy vi cc kim mnh v axit c. Thi gian hot ng ca cc bn khong 6 h. Ap sut ln nht cho php khi lc v tit trng cc dung dch trong b lc 147 kPa. Ph thuc vo cc dng bn c ng dng m c th s dng hoc l lm trong hoc l tit trng cht lng.

Cc bn c dng hnh trn (ng knh 140, 240, 300 v 500 mm) v dng hnh vung (200200, 400400, 600600. Kh nng cho qua nc ca cc bn vi ng knh 300 mm nhit 200C 5 v p sut 121 kPa l C, C-1-310, C-2-360 v ln hn 220 l/h. Nng sut n v i vi cc dung dch cha enzim 10150 l/(m2h).

Cc b lc tit trng (trc khi s dng) c tit trng bng hi nhit 1200C trong vng 30 40 pht hay tit trng bng cc cht ho hc (focmandehit, ru etilic, H2O2). Cc b lc dng trong cng nghip P-39 v P-79 c trang b cc khung c hai v ba li. B lc P-39 c 39 v 40 khung, P-79 c 79 v 80. Cc b lc c tnh ton cho hot ng di p sut 29 kPa.

tinh luyn v tit trng cc dung dch hot ho sinh hc, sn xut ra 5 nhn hiu b lc mng axetat vi cc a c ng knh 35, 90, 142, v 293 mm v hnh ch nht c kch thc 300500 mm (bng 12.7).

Thi gian hot ng ca cc mng lc 70 h, cn nng sut n v 150 170 l/(m2h).

Bng 12.7. c tnh k thut ca cc b lc mng lc tinh v lc tit trng

Nng sut tnh theo nc khi P = 45 kPa,

ml/cm

ng knh trung bnh ca l, m Nhn hiu Lnh vc ng dng 2

Lc protein cao phn t MA - 0,12 0,12 0,02 0,6 1,4 Virut MA - 0,2 0,2 0,05 1,5 3,8

Lc tit trng cc dung dch MA - 0,3 0,3 0,05 4,0 7,5 Lc tit trng MA - 0,4 0,4 0,05 8,0 12,0

phn tch vi sinh MA - 0,55 0,55 005 13,0 26,0

270

Chng 12 THIT B PHN CHIA CC DUNG DCH CA CC CHT HOT HO SINH HC BNG MNG MNG 12.1. K THUT PHN CHIA BNG MNG LC 12.1.1. Cc mng siu lc 12.1.2. Cc x polyme 12.1.3. Cc si x rng 12.1.4. Cc dng thit b dng mng lc

12.2. CC THIT B SIU LC C S DNG TRONG CNG NGHIP 12.2.1. Cu to 12.2.2. Cc thit b siu lc dng mun 12.2.3. Cc t hp mun siu lc tc dng lin tc 12.2.4. Cc t hp vi lc mt s nc

12.3. CC T HP MNG LM SCH CC DNG NUC THI CNG NGHIP 12.4. TNH TON CC T HP SIU LC V CC T MY 12.4.1. Tnh ton cng ngh cc t hp siu lc v cc b mt lm vic ca cc mng 12.4.2. Tnh ton thu lc ca my

12.5.T HP LM TRONG V LC TIT TRNG